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DrillingRigComponents
PetexandtheUniversityofTexasAustin
?Petex2001
DrillingRigComponents
\o"CrownBlockandWaterTable"
CrownBlockandWaterTable
\o"CatlineBoomandHoistLine"
CatlineBoomandHoistLine
\o"DrillingLine"
DrillingLine
\o"Monkeyboard"
Monkeyboard
\o"TravelingBlock"
TravelingBlock
\o"TopDrive"
TopDrive
\o"Mast"
Mast
\o"DrillPipe"
DrillPipe
\o"Doghouse"
Doghouse
\o"BlowoutPreventerControlUnit"
BlowoutPreventer
\o"WaterTank"
WaterTank
\o"ElectricCableTray"
ElectricCableTray
\o"EngineGeneratorSets"
EngineGeneratorSets
\o"FuelTank"
FuelTank
\o"ElectricalControlHouse"
ElectricalControlHouse
\o"MudPumps"
MudPumps
\o"BulkMudComponentTanks"
BulkMudComponentTanks
\o"MudTanks(Pits)"
MudTanks(Pits)
\o"ReservePit"
ReservePit
\o"Mud-GasSeparator"
Mud-GasSeparator
\o"ShaleShakers"
ShaleShakers
\o"ChokeManifold"
ChokeManifold
\o"PipeRamp"
PipeRamp
\o"PipeRacks"
PipeRacks
\o"Accumulator"
Accumulator
Additionalrigcomponentsnotillustratedatright.
\o"Annulus"
Annulus
\o"Brake"
Brake
\o"CasingHead"
CasingHead
\o"Cathead"
Cathead
\o"Catwalk"
Catwalk
\o"Cellar"
Cellar
\o"ConductorPipe"
ConductorPipe
\o"Degasser"
Degasser
\o"Desander"
Desander
\o"Desilter"
Desilter
\o"Drawworks"
Drawworks
\o"DrillBit"
DrillBit
\o"DrillCollars"
DrillCollars
\o"Driller'sConsole"
Driller'sConsole
\o"Elevators"
Elevators
\o"HoistingLine"
HoistingLine
\o"Hook"
Hook
\o"Kelly"
Kelly
\o"KellyBushing"
KellyBushing
\o"KellySpinner"
KellySpinner
\o"Mousehole"
Mousehole
\o"MudReturnLine"
MudReturnLine
Equipmentusedindrilling
\o"RamBOP"
RamBOP
\o"Rathole"
Rathole
\o"RotaryHose"
RotaryHose
\o"RotaryTable"
RotaryTable
\o"Slips"
Slips
\o"Spinningchain"
Spinningchain
\o"Stairways"
Stairways
\o"Standpipe"
Standpipe
\o"SurfaceCasing"
SurfaceCasing
\o"Substructure"
Substructure
\o"Swivel"
Swivel
\o"Tongs"
Tongs
\o"Walkways"
Walkways
\o"WeightIndicator"
WeightIndicator
CrownBlockandWaterTable
Anassemblyofsheavesorpulleysmountedonbeamsatthetopofthederrick.Thedrillinglineisrunoverthesheavesdowntothehoistingdrum.
CatlineBoomandHoistLine
Astructuralframeworkerectednearthetopofthederrickforliftingmaterial.
DrillingLine
Awireropehoistingline,reevedonsheavesofthecrownblockandtravelingblock(ineffectablockandtackle).Itsprimarypurposeistohoistorlowerdrillpipeorcasingfromorintoawell.Also,awireropeusedtosupportthedrillingtools.
Monkeyboard
Thederrickman'sworkingplatform.Doubleboard,tribbleboard,fourableboard;amonkeyboardlocatedataheightinthederrickormastequaltotwo,three,orfourlengthsofpiperespectively.
TravelingBlock
Anarrangementofpulleysorsheavesthroughwhichdrillingcableisreeved,whichmovesupordowninthederrickormast.
TopDrive
Thetopdriverotatesthedrillstringendbitwithouttheuseofakellyandrotarytable.Thetopdriveisoperatedfromacontrolconsoleontherigfloor.
Mast
Aportablederrickcapableofbeingerectedasaunit,asdistinguishedfromastandardderrick,whichcannotberaisedtoaworkingpositionasaunit.
DrillPipe
Theheavyseamlesstubingusedtorotatethebitandcirculatethedrillingfluid.Jointsofpipe30feetlongarecoupledtogetherwithtooljoints.
Doghouse
Asmallenclosureontherigfloorusedasanofficeforthedrillerorasastorehouseforsmallobjects.Also,anysmallbuildingusedasanofficeorforstorage.
BlowoutPreventer
Alargevalve,usuallyinstalledabovetherampreventers,thatformsasealintheannularspacebetweenthepipeandwellboreor,ifnopipeispresent,onthewellboreitself
WaterTank
Isusedtostorewaterthatisusedformudmixing,cementing,andrigcleaning.
ElectricCableTray
Supportstheheavyelectricalcablesthatfeedthepowerfromthecontrolpaneltotherigmotors.
EngineGeneratorSets
Adiesel,LiquefiedPetroleumGas(LPG),naturalgas,orgasolineengine,alongwithamechanicaltransmissionandgeneratorforproducingpowerforthedrillingrig.Newerrigsuseelectricgeneratorstopowerelectricmotorsontheotherpartsoftherig.
FuelTanks
Fuelstoragetanksforthepowergeneratingsystem.
ElectricHouse
Ondieselelectricrigs,powerfuldieselenginesdrivelargeelectricgenerators.Thegeneratorsproduceelectricitythatflowsthroughcablestoelectricswitchesandcontrolequipmentenclosedinacontrolcabinetorpanel.Electricityisfedtoelectricmotorsviathepanel.
MudPump
Alargereciprocatingpumpusedtocirculatethemud(drillingfluid)onadrillingrig.
BulkMudComponentsinStorage
Hoppertypetanksforstorageofdrillingfluidcomponents.
MudPits
Aseriesofopentanks,usuallymadeofsteelplates,throughwhichthedrillingmudiscycledtoallowsandandsedimentstosettleout.Additivesaremixedwiththemudinthepit,andthefluidistemporarilystoredtherebeforebeingpumpedbackintothewell.Mudpitcompartmentsarealsocalledshakerpits,settlingpits,andsuctionpits,dependingontheirmainpurpose.
ReservePits
Amudpitinwhichasupplyofdrillingfluidhasbeenstored.Also,awastepit,usuallyanexcavated,earthen-walledpit.Itmaybelinedwithplastictopreventsoilcontamination.
MudGasSeparator
Adevicethatremovesgasfromthemudcomingoutofawellwhenakickisbeingcirculatedout.
ShaleShaker
Aseriesoftrayswithsievesorscreensthatvibratetoremovecuttingsfromcirculatingfluidinrotarydrillingoperations.Thesizeoftheopeningsinthesieveisselectedtomatchthesizeofthesolidsinthedrillingfluidandtheanticipatedsizeofcuttings.Alsocalledashaker.
ChokeManifold
Thearrangementofpipingandspecialvalves,calledchokes,throughwhichdrillingmudiscirculatedwhentheblowoutpreventersareclosedtocontrolthepressuresencounteredduringakick.
PipeRamp
Anangledrampfordraggingdrillpipeuptothedrillingplatformorbringingpipedownoffthedrillplatform.
PipeRacks
Ahorizontalsupportfortubulargoods.
Accumulator
Thestoragedevicefornitrogenpressurizedhydraulicfluid,whichisusedinoperatingtheblowoutpreventers.
Annulus
Thespacearoundapipeinawellbore,theouterwallofwhichmaybethewallofeithertheboreholeorthecasing;sometimestermedtheannularspace.
Brake
Thebrakingdeviceonthedrawworkstostopaloadbeinglifted.
CasingHead
Aheavy,flangedsteelfittingconnectedtothefirststringofcasing.Itprovidesahousingforslipsandpackingassemblies,allowssuspensionofintermediateandproductionstringsofcasing,andsuppliesthemeansfortheannulustobesealedoff.Alsocalledaspool.
Cathead
Aspool-shapedattachmentonawincharoundwhichropeforhoistingandpullingiswound.
Catwalk
Therampatthesideofthedrillingrigwherepipeislaidtobeliftedtothederrickfloorbythecatlineorbyanairhoist.
Cellar
Apitinthegroundtoprovideadditionalheightbetweentherigfloorandthewellheadtoaccommodatetheinstallationofblowoutpreventers,ratholes,mouseholes,andsoforth.Italsocollectsdrainagewaterandotherfluidsfordisposal.
ConductorPipe
Thelargestdiametercasingandthetopmostlengthofcasing.Itisrelativelyshortandencasesthetopmoststringofcasing.
Degasser
Theequipmentusedtoremoveunwantedgasfromaliquid,especiallyfromdrillingfluid.
Desilter
Acentrifugaldevice,similartoadesander,usedtoremoveveryfineparticles,orsilt,fromdrillingfluid.Thiskeepstheamountofsolidsinthefluidtothelowestpossiblelevel.
Drawworks
Thehoistingmechanismonadrillingrig.Itisessentiallyalargewinchthatspoolsoffortakesinthedrillinglineandthusraisesorlowersthedrillstemandbit.
DrillBit
Thecuttingorboringelementusedindrillingoilandgaswells.Mostbitsusedinrotarydrillingareroller-conebits.Thebitconsistsofthecuttingelementsandthecirculatingelement.Thecirculatingelementpermitsthepassageofdrillingfluidandusesthehydraulicforceofthefluidstreamtoimprovedrillingrates.
DrillCollar
Aheavy,thick-walledtube,usuallysteel,usedbetweenthedrillpipeandthebitinthedrillstem.Itisusedtoputweightonthebitsothatthebitcandrill.
DrillersConsole
Thecontrolpanel,locatedontheplatform,wherethedrillercontrolsdrillingoperations.
Elevators
Asetofclampsthatgripsastand,orcolumn,ofcasing,tubing,drillpipe,orsuckerrods,sothestandcanberaisedorloweredintothehole.
HoistingLine
Awireropeusedinhoistingoperations.MustconformtotheAPIstandardsforitsintendeduses.
Hook
Alarge,hook-shapeddevicefromwhichtheelevatorbailsortheswivelissuspended.Itisdesignedtocarrymaximumloadsrangingfrom100to650tonsandturnsonbearingsinitssupportinghousing.
Kelly
Theheavysquareorhexagonalsteelmembersuspendedfromtheswivelthroughtherotarytable.Itisconnectedtothetopmostjointofdrillpipetoturnthedrillstemastherotarytableturns.
KellyBushing
Adevicefittedtotherotarytablethroughwhichthekellypasses.Itisthemeansbywhichthetorqueoftherotarytableistransmittedtothekellyandtothedrillstem.Alsocalledthedrivebushing.
KellySpinner
Adeviceforspinningthedrillpipe.Replacesthespinningchain.
Mousehole
Shallowboresundertherigfloor,usuallylinedwithpipe,inwhichjointsofdrillpipearetemporarilysuspendedforlaterconnectiontothedrillstring.
MudReturnLine
Atroughorpipe,placedbetweenthesurfaceconnectionsatthewellboreandtheshaleshaker.Drillingmudflowsthroughituponitsreturntothesurfacefromthehole.
RamBlowoutPreventer
Ablowoutpreventerthatusesramstosealoffpressureonaholethatiswithorwithoutpipe.Itisalsocalledarampreventer.Ram-typepreventershaveinterchangeableramblockstoaccommodatedifferentO.D.drillpipe,casing,ortubing.
Rathole
Aholeintherigfloor30to35feetdeep,linedwithcasingthatprojectsabovethefloor.Thekellyisplacedintheratholewhenhoistingoperationsareinprogress.
RotaryHose
Thehoseonarotarydrillingrigthatconductsthedrillingfluidfromthemudpumpandstandpipetotheswivelandkelly;alsocalledthemudhoseorthekellyhose.
RotaryTable
Theprincipalcomponentofarotary,orrotarymachine,usedtoturnthedrillstemandsupportthedrillingassembly.Ithasabeveledgeararrangementtocreatetherotationalmotionandanopeningintowhichbushingsarefittedtodriveandsupportthedrillingassembly.
Notethepipespinner(inred)onthesideoftheswivel.
Slips
Wedge-shapedpiecesofmetalwithteethorothergrippingelementsthatareusedtopreventpipefromslippingdownintotheholeortoholdpipeinplace.Rotaryslipsfitaroundthedrillpipeandwedgeagainstthemasterbushingtosupportthepipe.Powerslipsarepneumaticallyorhydraulicallyactuateddevicesthatallowthecrewtodispensewiththemanualhandlingofslipswhenmakingaconnection.Packersandotherdownholeequipmentaresecuredinpositionbyslipsthatengagethepipebyactiondirectedatthesurface.
SpinningChain
Arelativelyshortlengthofchainattachedtothetongpullchainonthemanualtongsusedtomakeupdrillpipe.Thespinningchainisattachedtothepullchainsothatacrewmembercanwrapthespinningchainseveraltimesaroundthetooljointboxofajointofdrillpipesuspendedintherotarytable.Aftercrewmembersstabthepinofanothertooljointintotheboxend,oneofthemthengraspstheendofthespinningchainandwitharapidupwardmotionofthewrist"throwsthespinningchain"—thatis,causesittounwrapfromtheboxandcoilupwardontothebodyofthejointstabbedintothebox.Thedrillerthenactuatesthemakeupcatheadtopullthechainoffofthepipebody,whichcausesthepipetospinandthusthepinthreadstospinintothebox.
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