2024年人教版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件

語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)01中考考情導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)精講精練03中考提分特訓(xùn)目錄中考考情導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)精講精練動(dòng)詞的基本形式1．動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式和構(gòu)成規(guī)則基本形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞的原始形式study;be;like;catch;depend基本形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子第三人稱單數(shù)(1)以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的加espass—passes;teach—teaches;wash—washes;go—goes(2)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加escarry—carries;cry—cries;fly—flies;try—tries(3)其他情況直接在詞尾加sread—reads;take—takes;put—puts基本形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）(1)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，先去e再加ingwrite—writing;have—having;make—making(2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加ingswim—swimming;run—running;get—getting;sit—sitting;put—putting;begin—beginning(3)以－ie結(jié)尾的，先改ie為y,再加ingdie—dying;lie—lying;tie—tying(4)其他情況直接在詞尾加ingread—reading;catch—catching;do—doing基本形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞(v-ed)(1)以字母e結(jié)尾的，直接加dlive—lived;hope—hoped;decide—decided(2)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加edstudy—studied;worry—worried;hurry—hurried(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加edstop—stopped;shop—shopped；plan—planned;drop—dropped；regret—regretted(4)其他情況直接在詞尾加edwork—worked;pass—passed；depend—depended【注意】不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞詳見插件《早讀材料》的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。2.及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞根據(jù)能否接賓語(yǔ)可將動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意義完整。如：Ineedsomewater.(2)不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整，不需要接賓語(yǔ)。如：Sherunsquickly.(3)有些動(dòng)詞既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：①Ican'thearverywell.我聽覺不太好。②Sheheardfootstepsbehindher.她聽到背后有腳步聲。動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞bedoesstoppingpassedcarriedis being was/were beendo doing did donestop stops stopped stoppedpass passes passing passedcarry carries carrying carried動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞makediesteachingputmakes making made madedie dying died diedteach teaches taught taughtput puts putting put系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞后面要接名詞或形容詞。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：系動(dòng)詞例子be動(dòng)詞Mybrotherisverytall.五感官：look(看起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái))，sound(聽起來(lái)),feel(感覺)①Themountainlookssobeautiful.②Thedishsmells

goodandtastes

delicious.系動(dòng)詞例子五變化：turn(變成；成為)，get(變得)，become(變成；變得)，go(變成；變?yōu)?；變?，grow(逐漸變得)①Whenheheardhisteacher'swords,hisfaceturnedredatonce.②Ifyoudon'tputthefoodinthefridge,itwillgobadeasily.seem(似乎),keep(保持)①Heseemsaniceman.②Weshouldkeepourclassroom

clean.助動(dòng)詞

本身不具有實(shí)際意義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起用，在句中幫助提問(wèn)、否定以及構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be(is,am,are,was,were,isn't,amnot,aren't,wasn't,weren't),do(do,does,did,don't,doesn't,didn't),will(will,won't,would,wouldn't),have(have,has,had,haven't,hasn't,hadn't)等。如：①Iamgoingtobeamiddleschoolstudentnextyear.②Shedoesn'twanttohavelunchhere.( )1.(2021·青海改編)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood. A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels2．(2021·長(zhǎng)春改編)ChinaPandaTrainfromChengdutoZunyi________puttouseonMarch28,2021.Cwas情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

表示說(shuō)話人的情感與態(tài)度，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，一般無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。1．常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一覽表：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子can/could(1)表能力，意為“能；會(huì)”，can用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，could用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2)表請(qǐng)求或許可，意為“可以”，在疑問(wèn)句中，could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can或can't/cannot①M(fèi)ybestfriendcanspeakfivelanguages.我最好的朋友可以說(shuō)五種語(yǔ)言。②—Could/CanIaskyouaquestion?我能問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？—Ofcourseyoucan.當(dāng)然可以。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子may/might(1)表請(qǐng)求或許可，意為“可以”，比can正式，語(yǔ)氣更加委婉；否定回答多用mustn't禁止/can't表示不可以(2)表祝愿、希望、祈求等①—MayIparkmycarhereforawhile？我可以把車停這兒一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?？—No,youcan't.不，你不能。②Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你過(guò)得愉快。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子shall/should(1)shall用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句，表征詢意見、建議或請(qǐng)求指示(2)shall用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表允諾、警告、命令等(3)should表建議、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”①Shallwegotothecinema？我們?nèi)ル娪霸涸趺礃?？②Ifyoubehavewell,youshallgetapresent.如果你表現(xiàn)好，你就可以得到一份禮物。③Youshouldreadhisnewbook.你應(yīng)該讀讀他的新書。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子must/haveto(1)must意為“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)(2)haveto意為“不得不；必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需求，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化hasto/hadto①Youmustarriveherebefore10o'clocktomorrow.你必須明天十點(diǎn)之前到這里。②Imissedthelastbus,soIhadtowalkhome.我錯(cuò)過(guò)了最后一班公交車，所以我得走回家了。need意為“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中Youneedn'tcometomorrow.明天你不需要來(lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子hadbetter表勸告、建議，意為“最好”，固定搭配hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事You'dbetternotswimintheriver.It'sverydangerous.你最好不要在河里游泳。那很危險(xiǎn)?！咀⒁狻壳閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞表否定時(shí)，在其后加not；變疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將其提到句首。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子may/might(1)表示不確定，may可能性大于might(2)may/mightnot意為“可能不”①Hemay/mightknowthewaytothepostoffice.Iamnotsure.他可能知道去郵局的路。我不確定。②Therearemanystarsinthesky.Itmay/mightnotraintomorrow.天上有很多星星。明天可能不會(huì)下雨。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子can/could(1)could比can表示的可能性要小(2)can表推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問(wèn)句(3)can't意為“不可能”①Whocanitbe？It'ssolate.會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？都這么晚了。②Theboyunderthetreecan'tbeJohn.HewenttoLondonwithhisparentsyesterday.樹下的那個(gè)男孩不可能是約翰。他昨天和父母去倫敦了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例子must用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定，肯定”ThenotebookmustbeLiMing's.Hisnameisonthefirstpage.這個(gè)筆記本一定是李明的。他的名字在第一頁(yè)。表推測(cè)的可能性大小為：must＞can(疑問(wèn)句)＞could＞may＞might＞can't用法例子can/couldcan表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過(guò)去的能力，二者沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化①Shecan/isabletodriveacar.她能開車。②Hecould/wasabletoplaythepianoattheageoften.他10歲時(shí)就能彈鋼琴。③Iwillbeabletorideabikeinaweek.一個(gè)星期后我就會(huì)騎自行車。beabletobeableto可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化3.難點(diǎn)突破：(1)can/could與beableto辨析含義例子mustn't禁止，相當(dāng)于can't(不能)，但語(yǔ)氣比can't強(qiáng)烈Youmustn't/can'ttalkinclass.你不準(zhǔn)在課堂上講話。needn't/don'thaveto不必Theyneedn't/don'thavetohavebreakfastsoearly.他們不需要這么早吃早餐。(2)mustn't,needn't和don'thaveto辨析(3)幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句中的回答：①—MayIsmokehere？我可以在這里抽煙嗎？—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。/—No,youmustn't/can't/hadbetternot.不，你不能/最好不要。②—Can/Couldyoucometoseemetomorrow？你明天能來(lái)看我嗎？—Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。/—No,Ican't.不，我不能。③—Musthegonow？他現(xiàn)在必須走嗎？—Yes,hemust.是的，他必須走。/—No,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.不，他不需要。④—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday？我需要今天完成作業(yè)嗎？—Yes,youmust.是的，你必須。/—No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，你不需要。( )1.(2019·廣東)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They________killplants,andevenpeople. A．canB．can'tC．shouldD．shouldn't( )2.(2017·廣東)Tokeepchildrensafe,we________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse. A．mayB．shouldC．canD．might( )3.(2016·廣東)—Mum,________IvisittheModernArtMuseumnextMonday—I'mafraidyoucan't.Allthemuseumsinthiscityareclosedon Monday. A．wouldB．needC．shouldD．mayABD動(dòng)詞詞義辨析主要在完形填空中考查，考查在語(yǔ)境中的辨析。常考動(dòng)詞歸納動(dòng)詞詞義辨析A,Bagree同意；贊同，allow允許，avoid避免；防止，break打破；打碎，build建造C,Dchange改變，collect收集，compare比較；對(duì)比，connect(使)連接；與……有聯(lián)系，consider考慮；認(rèn)為，depend依靠；信賴，describe描寫；描述E,Fencourage鼓勵(lì)，

enjoy喜愛；享受，examine檢查；檢驗(yàn)，explain解釋；說(shuō)明，fill填滿；填充，force強(qiáng)迫；迫使，forget忘記G,H，I,L，Mguess猜測(cè)；估計(jì)，guide指引；指導(dǎo)，help幫助，imagine想象；設(shè)想，lend借給；借出，lift舉起；抬起；提起，live居?。簧?，move移動(dòng)O，P，Rorder點(diǎn)菜；命令，protect保護(hù)，pull拉；拽，push督促；推動(dòng)；鞭策，realize理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；認(rèn)識(shí)到，refuse拒絕S,T,Wsearch搜索，see看，sell出售；銷售；賣，spread拓展；蔓延；傳播，tell講述；告訴，thank感謝；謝謝，throw扔；擲，try嘗試；設(shè)法；努力，warn警告，wash洗 Longlongago,therewerenodonkeysinanancientChineseplacenamedQian.Butsomepeoplealwayswantedto__1__things,soamanbroughtadonkeytoQianbyboat.However,hefoundthedonkeyuselessthere,sohesetitfreeinthehill. Soonafter,atigersawthestrangeanimal.Hehidbehindthetreesto__2__itcarefully.Suddenlyhe__3__themostterriblenoise,“Heehaw！Heehaw！”Hewassoafraidthatheranbacktohishouseandhid.( )1.A.makeB．changeC．inventD．create( )2.A.studyB．eatC．love D．get( )3.A.sawB．toldC．heardD．felt人文底蘊(yùn)———“黔驢技窮”的故事BAC Afterawhilethetigerfeltgreatshame.“I'matiger!Ishouldnotbeafraidofanyanimal！”Sohewentback.Whenthedonkeysawthetigerbehindit,itbeganto____4__hardwithitsbacklegsandhurtthetigerbadly.Butthetiger____5__thenoisyanimalonlykickedbehind.Sothetigerjumpedonitfromthesideandatethedonkey.Thisstorytellswesometimesneedmorethanoneskillto__6__．( )4.A.trainB．pushC．pullD．kick( )5.A.forgotB．noticedC．imaginedD．remembered( )6.A.writeB．stopC．loseD．winDBD動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在完形填空和短文填空是必考的。具體內(nèi)容見本書模塊一。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) Itwasasummerday.Anoldmanwastakingawalkdownahillcheerfully.Hewipedthesweat(擦汗)fromhisfaceandstarted__1__asong. Suddenly,heheardavoice，“Hello,sir.”Theoldman__2__，buthesawnoone.“I'mhere，”thevoicecamefrombesidehisfeet.Theoldman__3__andsawabeautifulflower.中考提分特訓(xùn)一、完形填空（2021·昆明） “Sir,wouldyoumindansweringaquestion？”____4__theflower.“Certainlynot,mychild.Whatdoyouwanttoknow？”saidtheoldman.Theflowerhesitated(猶豫)forasecondandsaid,“WhyareyousohappyYouarenotyoungandmaybeyoudon'thavemanydays____5__．”Theflowerwenton,“Mydayshave__6__andI'mgoingtowither(枯萎).Thatmakesmesosad.” Theoldmanlaughed,“Yes,Idon'thavemanydaysleft.ButsowhatWhy__7__suchalovelydayonsomethingthathasn'thappened？”Theflowerdidn'tquite__8__．Theoldmancontinued,“What'sgoneisgone.What'stocomeistocome.Youcan't__9__it.Butyoucandecidetoenjoythisverymomentthatyoutrulyhave.” Andhedidn't__10__theflowertorespond(回應(yīng)).Hejustwalkedaway,continuingwiththehappysonghehadbeensinging.( )1.A.playing B．singing C．writing D．hearing( )2.A.turnedoff B．turnedaround C．turneddown D．turnedup( )3.A.lookedaround B．lookedback C．lookedup D．lookeddown( )4.A.repeatedB．replied C．a(chǎn)sked D．shouted( )5.A.found B．left C．got D．paid( )6.A.returnedB．stood C．passed D．a(chǎn)chieved( )7.A.enjoy B．rememberC．take D．waste( )8.A.imagineB．understandC．discover D．create( )9.A.keep B．record C．hold D．change( )10.A.waitforB．putaway C．dropby D．cutdownBBDCBCDBDA二、短文填空 TheBrownsandtheSmithsaregoodneighbors.Theyknoweachotherwell.Sometimesthey__1__dinnertogether. Yesterday,Mrs.Brown__2__theSmithstohavedinneragainbecauseitwasherbirthday.Intheafternoon,shecamehomefromworkearly.Onthewayhome,shewenttothemarketand__3__alotoffood.FirstsheboughtsomebeefbecauseMr.Brownliked__4__itverymuch.AndsheknewthatMr.SmithlikedchickenandMrs.Smith'sfavoritefoodwasfish.Sosheboughtsomechickenandfish.Shealsoboughtsomevegetablesandfruit.Shewantedto__5__everythingreadyforthedinner. WhenMr.Brown__6__backhome,Mrs.Brownwasbusycookinginthekitchen.“Happybirthday！”Mr.Brownsaidandbroughthersomeflowers.“Oh,thanks.Whatbeautifulflowers!__7__youpleaseputtheminthesittingroomI'mbusynow.” “OK，”saidMr.Brown.“AndIcanhelpyouputthecandlesonthebirthdaycake.” “Abirthdaycake？”Mrs.Brownsaid.“I__8__tobuyit.” “Itdoesn't__9__.Iwillbuyitnow.I'llbebackinafewminutes，”Mr.Brownsaidtoher. Justthen,thedoorbellrang.TheyweretheSmiths.Intheirhandsthere__10__abigbirthdaycake.1.________ 2.________ 3.________4.________ 5.________ 6.________

7.____________ 8.________ 9.________10.________have/eatinvitedboughteatinggetcameCould/Wouldforgotmatterwas一、完形填空 FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.AndI'mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachild,myfatheralwaysgotupveryearly.Hewasafraidtowakeothersup,sohe__1__putonhisclothesandwenttowork.Toarriveontimetoopenhistinystoreat8：30,heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6：30.Afterthat,hehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelast__2__wasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:itisveryimportanttowork.No__3__． WhenIwas12,Iwould,onsomeSaturdays,gotomyfather'sstoreto____4__．Afterhelpingdisplay(陳列)goods,fortherestoftheday,I'dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelooking____5__orstrange,Iwouldlookthepersonintheeye,smileandsay,“MayIhelpyou？”Usuallythat__6__，butsometimes,someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Atthefirsttime,Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted,“Martin,__7__！Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It'struethat__8__ismoreimportantthanmoney. After10yearsofhardwork,hesavedupenough__9__tobuyhisfirstcar,acheapone—hewouldn'tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforit.Ilearned:buyonlywhatyoucanafford.Buying__10__foodandclothingwon'tmakeusgointodebt(債務(wù)).Theunnecessarythingswon'tgiveushappiness,whichcomesfromachievementonly.( )1.A.loudly B．quietly C．easily D．suddenly( )2.A.vacation B．location C．direction D．journey( )3.A.excuse B．thought C．a(chǎn)greement D．situation( )4.A.sellout B．helpout C．workout D．setout( )5.A.unexpectedB．unusual C．unlucky D．unhappy( )6.A.got B．failed C．worked D．took( )7.A.leave B．go C．run D．stop( )8.A.safety B．silence C．happiness D．success( )9.A.time B．money