安徽省江淮十校2023-2024學(xué)年高三第一次聯(lián)考高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試題

江淮十校2024屆高三第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷由四個(gè)部分組成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題；第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。共10頁(yè)、150分。2.全部答案在答題卡上相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)完成，在本試卷上作答無(wú)效。選擇題請(qǐng)使用2B鉛筆填涂，非選擇題請(qǐng)使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答。要求字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡規(guī)定的地方填寫(xiě)好個(gè)人信息，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼是否與本人的信息一致。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatisPatdoing?A.SurfingtheInternet. B.Writingapaper. C.Makingavideo.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Pal,whatareyoudoingontheInternet?M:I'msearchingforvideosabouttheoriginsoftheearth.Ineedtowriteaschoolpaperonitthisweek.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanbuyforhersister?A.Aschoolbag. B.Anovel. C.Aheadphone.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whatwillyoubuyforyoursister'sbirthday?Iwonderedaboutanewschoolbagbutshe'sjustgotanewone.There'sanovelcalledALifeandMusicI'msureshe'dlike,sothat'swhatI'dgofor.W:She'salwaysplainingherheadphoneisold,soI'llchooseoneforher.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhereisLouisenowprobably?A.Onabus. B.Inabookshop. C.Athome.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Louise!Whatareyoubusydoing?M:Oh,Iboughtabookfromthenewstoreintown.I'vejustgotonthebus.Iwillbehomeinhalfanhour.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asportsrace. B.Asailingcourse. C.Atraininginstructor.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ireallyenjoyedthesailingcoursewedidlastweek.W:SodidI.Thenewinstructorwasgood.Itwasincrediblethatwegottotakepartinaraceattheendofthecourse.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whomhasthemanfoundmosthelpful?A.Whitaker. B.Johnson. C.Bradman.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whohashelpedyoumostsofarwithyourhistorypaper?M:AmericanwritersJohnsonandWhitakermadesomegoodpoints.Butitwashardtofollowthelineoftheirarguments.Bradman’sideasweresimple,soI’velearnedalotfromhim.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whenwillthemantakethemedicalcheckup?A.OnFriday. B.OnThursday. C.OnWednesday.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$30. B.$50. C.$70.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,Iwanttomakeanappointmentforamedicalcheckupassoonaspossible.W:Letmecheck.I’mafraidtodayandtomorrowarefullybooked.Howabout4p.m.thedayaftertomorrow?M:Hmm,thisFridayisfine.W:Okay,whatitemsdoyouwanttotest?M:Adentalexamination,askincheck,abloodtestandachestXray.HowmuchshouldIpay?W:Thefirstthreeitemscostthirtydollarsandthelastonecoststwentydollars.Pleasetakethisformwithyouformedicalchecks.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatisthemanhaving?A.Coffee. B.Milkshake. C.Tomatojuice.9.Whatdoesthemandislikeabouttheplace?A.Themusic. B.Thelights. C.Thewalls.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】M:Thisisgoodcoffee.How’syourmilkshake?W:I’vehadbetter.Tobehonest,I’dusuallyexpectabiggerglassfortheprice.It’snicelydecorated,though.Ilovethelightsandtheyplaygoodmusic.M:Butit’snotmytaste.Imean…pinkwalls.W:Atleastyou’reenjoyingyourcoffee.Idon’tthinkI’mgoingtofinishthismilkshake.M:Askthewaitresstogetonetomatojuice.W:Okay,Iwill.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhatisMrWrightprobably?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Ashopassistant. C.Asoftwareengineer.11.WhatdoesthewomanfinddifficultinlearningEnglish?A.Pronunciation. B.Vocabulary. C.Grammar.12.Whichsoftwareissuitableforbeginners?A.ABCLearning. B.OpenTeacher. C.FunConversations.【答案】10.A11.C12.C【解析】【原文】W:MrWright,IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.CouldyouremendsomesoftwareIcanuseinmysparetime?M:Certainly.YoucanuseOpenTeacher.Itisaqualityteachingsoftware.Ilikeusingit.Ithelpsmeteach.W:Doyouknowanysoftwareespeciallyforstudents?Thepronunciationsonthevocabularyarefinewithme,butI'mfindingthegrammarawful.M:Well,youcantryABCLearning.YoucandownloaditfromtheAppStore.Itprovidesgrammartests,vocabularytestsandpronunciationtestsfortheseniors.W:I'llgiveitatry.Butdoyouknowanysoftwarethatprovidesaudioconversations?M:Yes.FunConversationshassomeofthemon,bestandfreeEnglishaudioconversationlessons.Itprovidesmorethanfiftyaudioconversationswithwrittenpronunciation,inwhichevenabeginnercantrytolearnEnglish.W:Thanks,MrWright.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthetemporaryjob?A.It’sembarrassing. B.It’sacceptable. C.It’sdisappointing.14.WhatwillthemanstudyinParis?A.AppliedLinguistics(語(yǔ)言學(xué)). B.ModernLanguages. C.BusinessEnglish.15.WhatdidthemandoattheBurgHotel?A.Heansweredthephones.B.Hedidsomecleaning.C.Hecarriedtheluggage.16.Howmanyforeignlanguagescanthemanspeak?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,I’veeaboutthepositionofhotelreceptionist.W:Youknowthatthisisonlyatemporaryposition,don’tyou?M:Yes,butthat’sidealforme.I’mgoingabroadinthreemonths,soitfitsinperfectlywithmyplans.W:Whereareyougoing?M:I’vejustfinishedmydegreeinModernLanguagesandI’mgoingtodoanMAinAppliedLinguisticsinParis.MycousinisstudyingBusinessEnglishthere,soI’mgoingtostaywithhim.W:Haveyouhadanyexperienceofworkingatthereceptiondesk?M:LastsummerIspentamonthattheBurgHotel.Ilearnedalotaboutcustomercare.Ihadtotaketheguests’luggagetotheirrooms.Ididn’thavetomakephonereservationsorcleanuptherooms.W:Whichforeignlanguagesdoyouspeak?M:IspeakGerman,FrenchandalittleSpanish.Formyresearch,IbelievemostofyourguestsarefromEurope.Isthatright?IbelieveI’magoodmunicator.W:Good!聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatcantouristsfindontherightafterenteringfromthecarpark?A.Thecafe. B.Thegiftshop. C.Theticketoffice.18.Whatcantouristsdobehindthecafe?A.Haveapicnic. B.Tryropeswings. C.Watchbandsperforming.19.Whichanimalscanbeseenacrossfromthepigsinthefeedingarea?A.Thegoats. B.Therabbits. C.Theducks.20.Whydoesthepersonmakethespeech?A.Tointroduceaproject.B.Toremendatrip.C.Toconductaninterview.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning!Thankthecouncilforagreeingtothismeetingandforwelingusheretodaytoexplaintoyoutheprojectonpinewoodcenter.I'llgiveyouanoverviewofthecenterfirst.Asvisitorsenterfromthecarpark,theywillwalkalongthispath.Sothisbuildinghereontherightwillbethecafeandthebuildingontheleftwillbethegiftshop.Thegiftshopwillbewhereticketsareonsale.Therewillalsobeapicnicfieldbehindthecafe.Itwillbegreatforparties.Tothewestofthegiftshopiswheretreetopschallengewilltakeplace.Therewillbeallsortsofhighleveladventureequipment—ropeswings,awesomeropebridgesandtunnels.Therewillbeanindoorplayarea.Weplantohavehandsperforminghere.Finally,thereisafeedingareawhichhousesthefarmanimals.Childrenwillbeabletowatchtheanimalsbeingfedandcaredfor.Theduckswillbeinthisareaontherighthere,directlyoppositethepigs.Andthegoatsandtherabbitswillgoattheveryfarendthere.Sothoseareourplans.Wehopetheywillbeapproved.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhatestomindwhenyouthinkofamuseum?Valuableexhibits?Relaxedatmosphere?Herelet'sencountersomespecialmuseums.TheMuseumofBadArtTheMuseumofBadArtbasedinBostonMassachusetts,willbringyouaquitedifferentvisualexperience.Asitsnameimplies,allpieceshavemadetheirwaytothemuseumforbeingtoobadtobeignored.Allthepaintingshavebeenfoundinyardsales,rescuedfromthetrashordonatedtothemuseum.Whenviewingsuchalargecollectionoffailedart,bepreparedtolaughyourheadoff.LuoyangAncientTombsMuseumEstablishedin1984andopenedtothepublicin1987,theLuoyangAncientTombsMuseumsitsinaplexofgrandbuildingsinthearchitecturalstyleoftheHanDynasty.Thedistinctivemuseumconsistsoftwosections.TheabovegroundpartfeaturesmodelsoftombsfromtheStoneAgetotheHanDynasty.Theundergroundonecontains22tombsfromHenanProvince.ThetombofEmperorXuanwuofNorthernWeiisthehighlightofthemuseum.TheUnderwaterMuseumFancyanunderseaexplorationbuthavenoideawheretogo?ThentheUnderwaterMuseumatthebottomofLakeGrublseeinAustriacanbeagoodchoice.Thisincrediblemuseumisperfectforadventurousdivers,whichsurelygivesvisitorsauniqueexperience.Ithousesnotonlycopiesofancientpeopleandculturalrelics,butalsofun,strangepiecesliketheStatueofLiberty,aliensandskeletons(骨架).UpsideDownHouseAnotherstrangemuseumistheUpsideDownHouseinSt.Petersburg.Itfeaturesanapartmentwhereeverythingisturnedupsidedown.Whenyouwalkintothehouse,youwillfeelquiteconfusedandfindtheentiremuseumveryimpressive.Witheachitemintheapartmentturnedheadoverheels,youwouldexperiencetheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thateswithstandingontheceiling.21.Whichmuseumbestsuitsdivingenthusiasts?A.UpsideDownHouse. B.TheMuseumofBadArt.C.TheUnderwaterMuseum. D.LuoyangAncientTombsMuseum.22.WhatcanpeopledointheMuseumofBadArt?A.Enjoyabigcollectionoffailedart. B.Seeseveralcopiesofculturalrelics.C.Experiencevisualillusioninperson. D.Visithistoricalandgrandbuildings.23.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveinmon?A.TheyarelocatedinEurope. B.Theyfocusonhumannature.C.Theyshowrespectforlife. D.Theyarespecialmuseums.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界上四個(gè)獨(dú)特的博物館。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheUnderwaterMuseum中“Thisincrediblemuseumisperfectforadventurousdivers,whichsurelygivesvisitorsauniqueexperience.(這個(gè)令人難以置信的博物館非常適合冒險(xiǎn)的潛水員，這無(wú)疑會(huì)給游客帶來(lái)獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。)”可知，theUnderwaterMuseum最適合潛水愛(ài)好者。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMuseumofBadArt中“Whenviewingsuchalargecollectionoffailedart,bepreparedtolaughyourheadoff.(當(dāng)看到這么多失敗的藝術(shù)品收藏時(shí)，要準(zhǔn)備好一笑而過(guò)。)”的描述，可知在此博物館中游客可以欣賞到失敗的藝術(shù)作品集。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whatestomindwhenyouthinkofamuseum?Valuableexhibits?Relaxedatmosphere?Herelet'sencountersomespecialmuseums.(當(dāng)你想到博物館時(shí)，你會(huì)想到什么？貴重展品？輕松的氛圍？讓我們?cè)谶@里遇到一些特別的博物館。)”以及后文對(duì)四個(gè)博物館的功能簡(jiǎn)介和參觀體驗(yàn)可知，這四個(gè)博物館因其獨(dú)特而聞名。故選D項(xiàng)。BA12yearoldgirl,EleanorWoods,hascreatedagreenbackpackthatfilters(過(guò)濾)outairpollution.Herinnovativebagwontheawardofthe“BackpacktotheFuture”petition.Thepetitionwaslaunchedtoencouragestudentstobineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormaths.Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamoamachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergythebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby.AirpollutionwasalwaysEleanor’sconcern.Meanwhile,spendingalotoftimewithherasthmatic(患哮喘病的)mum,Eleanorespeciallyfocusedonhowpollutionaffectsaperson’shealthandthespreadofdiseases.“Wehaveanairfilterathomebecausemymumhasmildasthma.Butwhatifshewantstogoout?Itwouldbeinconvenientanddangerous!MyBreatheBetterBackpackisaboutkeepingthoselikemymothersafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetthemoutsideandfightoffcolds,”Eleanorsaid.Thegirladded,“Mygenerationhasreallyrealizedpollution,andwehavelessonsonitatschool.ThisisanotherreasonwhyIdesignedthis,becauseweneedtodosomething.”TheBreatheBetterBackpackcameunderthespotlightinthepetition.StrattonSmith,oneofthejudgesofthepetition,saidtheimpactofEleanor’sdesignwouldbefarreaching.“Ifjustafewpeoplestartusingit,itcanbereallygoodfortheplanet,”heexplained.24.WhatinspiredEleanorWoodstodesignthebackpack?A.Theawardofthepetition. B.Highexpensesofairfilters.C.StrattonSmith’sbehaviour. D.Herconcernforairpollution.25.Whatdoweknowaboutthebackpack?A.Itcollectspollutedair. B.Itispoweredbywind.C.Itisofpracticaluse. D.Itsellswellatpresent.26.Whowillmostprobablybenefitfromthebackpack?A.Studentslivinginpoverty. B.Thosesufferingfromasthma.C.Peopleworkinginanopenway. D.Judgesworriedaboutpollution.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEleanorWoods?A.Humorousandmodest. B.Ambitiousandselfless.C.Confidentandfearless. D.Creativeandconsiderate.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了12歲的女孩EleanorWoods在經(jīng)歷了母親患有哮喘病不方便出門(mén)，又意識(shí)到大氣污染的負(fù)面影響之后，設(shè)計(jì)出能夠過(guò)濾空氣的背包?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AirpollutionwasalwaysEleanor’sconcern.(空氣污染一直是埃莉諾關(guān)心的問(wèn)題)”以及第五段“Mygenerationhasreallyrealizedpollution,andwehavelessonsonitatschool.ThisisanotherreasonwhyIdesignedthis,becauseweneedtodosomething.(我們這一代人已經(jīng)真正意識(shí)到了污染，我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里也有關(guān)于污染的課程。這也是我設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)的另一個(gè)原因，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰鳇c(diǎn)什么)”可知，EleanorWoods對(duì)大氣污染的擔(dān)憂激發(fā)了她發(fā)明過(guò)濾空氣背包。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby.(背包由太陽(yáng)能和發(fā)電機(jī)提供的綠色能源驅(qū)動(dòng)，發(fā)電機(jī)是一種將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的機(jī)器，它過(guò)濾污染的空氣，然后在附近散發(fā)出更清潔的空氣)”以及第四段“Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetthemoutsideandfightoffcolds,(它看起來(lái)很酷，將有助于他們外出并抵御感冒)”可知，EleanorWoods發(fā)明的背包能夠過(guò)濾空氣，是有實(shí)際用處的。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wehaveanairfilterathomebecausemymumhasmildasthma.Butwhatifshewantstogoout?Itwouldbeinconvenientanddangerous!MyBreatheBetterBackpackisaboutkeepingthoselikemymothersafeusinganairfilter.(我們家里有一個(gè)空氣過(guò)濾器，因?yàn)槲业哪赣H患有輕度哮喘。但如果她想出去怎么辦？這既不方便又危險(xiǎn)！我的BreatheBetter背包是為了保護(hù)像我母親這樣的人的安全)”可知，這款背包可讓哮喘患者安全出門(mén)，推測(cè)哮喘病患者可能從背包中受益。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“A12yearoldgirl,EleanorWoods,hascreatedagreenbackpackthatfiltersoutairpollution.Herinnovativebagwontheawardofthe“BackpacktotheFuture”petition.(12歲的女孩EleanorWoods制作了一個(gè)可以過(guò)濾空氣污染的綠色背包。她的創(chuàng)新背包贏得了“面向未來(lái)的背包”比賽的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”以及第四段“AirpollutionwasalwaysEleanor’sconcern.Meanwhile,spendingalotoftimewithherasthmaticmum,Eleanorespeciallyfocusedonhowpollutionaffectsaperson’shealthandthespreadofdiseases.(空氣污染一直是埃莉諾關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。與此同時(shí)，埃莉諾花了很多時(shí)間和患有哮喘的母親在一起，她特別關(guān)注污染如何影響一個(gè)人的健康和疾病的傳播)”可知，EleanorWoods關(guān)心空氣污染，花很多時(shí)間陪伴自己的母親，發(fā)明能夠過(guò)濾空氣的背包，EleanorWoods是有創(chuàng)造力且具有創(chuàng)新能力的。故選D。CDecisionsinlifearerarelyblackandwhitebutusuallyinvolveshadesofgray.Atdinnertime,thedecisionyoufaceisnotbetweenfastingandeatinglikeapig,butwhethertotakethatextraspoonfuloffood.Whenexamsarearoundthecorner,yourdecisionisnotbetweenquittingthemandstudying24hoursaday,butwhethertospendanextrahourreviewingyournotes.Economistsusetheterm“marginalchanges”todescribeminoradjustmentstoanexistingplanofaction.Inmanysituations,peoplemakethebestdecisionsbythinkingatthemargin.Marginmeans“edge”,somarginalchangesareadjustmentsaroundtheedgesofwhatyouaredoing.Suppose,forinstance,thatyouaskafriendforadviceabouthowmanyyearstostayinschool.IfheparesthelifestyleofapersonwithaPh.D.tothatofagradeschooldropout,youmightplainthatthisparisonisnothelpfulforyourdecision.Youhavesomeeducationalreadyandmostlikelyaredecidingwhethertospendanextrayearortwoinschool.Tomakethisdecision,youneedtoknowtheadditionalbenefitsthatanextrayearinschoolwouldoffer(highersalariesthroughoutlifeandthepurejoyoflearning)andtheadditionalcoststhatyouwouldpay(tuitionandtheforgonesalarieswhileyouareinschool).Byparingthesemarginalbenefitsandmarginalcosts,youcanevaluatewhethertheextrayearisworthwhile.Individualsandfirmscanmakebetterdecisionsbythinkingatthemargin.Arationaldecisionmakertakesactionifandonlyifthemarginalbenefitoftheactionexceedsthemarginalcost.28.Whatdoes“fasting”underlinedinParagraph1mean?A.Eatingordrinkingalot. B.Eatinglittleornofood.C.Eatingonaregularbasis. D.Eatingwithoutappetite.29.WhydoestheauthorgiveanexampleinParagraph2?A.Toexplainmarginalthinking. B.Tosolvereallifeproblems.CToevaluatemarginalthinking. D.Toencourageadjustments.30.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Itisunnecessarytomakeminoradjustmentstoplans.B.parisonmakeslittlesenseindecisionmaking.C.Peopleoftenweighupbenefitsandcostsofdecisions.D.Marginalchangesarecontroversialamongindividuals.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MarginalThinkingLeadstoBetterDecisionsB.MarginalBenefitGoesbeyondMarginalCostC.RationalThinkersExistinAllAspectsofLifeD.PleasureResultsfromEffectiveparison【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了邊際思維的定義和功能，舉例說(shuō)明了邊際思維的意義，即它能幫助人們?cè)谌粘９ぷ?、學(xué)習(xí)和生活中作出更合理的決定。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第一段“Decisionsinlifearerarelyblackandwhitebutusuallyinvolveshadesofgray.Atdinnertime,thedecisionyoufaceisnotbetweenfastingandeatinglikeapig,butwhethertotakethatextraspoonfuloffood.Whenexamsarearoundthecorner,yourdecisionisnotbetweenquittingthemandstudying24hoursaday,butwhethertospendanextrahourreviewingyournotes.(生活中的決定很少是非黑即白的，但通常都是灰色的。在晚餐時(shí)間，你面臨的決定不是還是像豬一樣吃，而是是否多吃一勺食物。當(dāng)考試臨近時(shí)，你的決定不是放棄考試還是24小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，而是是否多花一個(gè)小時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)筆記。)”可推斷出，fasting在此處與eatinglikeapig意思相反。所以應(yīng)該是“節(jié)食”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Marginmeans‘edge’,somarginalchangesareadjustmentsaroundtheedgesofwhatyouaredoing.(邊際意味著‘邊緣’，所以邊際變化是圍繞你正在做的事情的邊緣進(jìn)行的調(diào)整。)”以及下文的舉例“Suppose,forinstance,thatyouaskafriendforadviceabouthowmanyyearstostayinschool.IfheparesthelifestyleofapersonwithaPh.D.tothatofagradeschooldropout,youmightplainthatthisparisonisnothelpfulforyourdecision....(例如，假設(shè)你向一個(gè)朋友征求關(guān)于在學(xué)校待多少年的建議。如果他把一個(gè)博士的生活方式和一個(gè)小學(xué)輟學(xué)的人的生活方式進(jìn)行比較，你可能會(huì)抱怨這種比較對(duì)你的決定沒(méi)有幫助。……)”可知，舉例是為了解釋說(shuō)明邊際變化及邊際思維。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Byparingthesemarginalbenefitsandmarginalcosts,youcanevaluatewhethertheextrayearisworthwhile.(通過(guò)比較這些邊際收益和邊際成本，你可以評(píng)估額外的一年是否值得。)”和最后一段“Arationaldecisionmakertakesactionifandonlyifthemarginalbenefitoftheactionexceedsthemarginalcost.(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)行動(dòng)的邊際收益超過(guò)邊際成本時(shí)，理性決策者才會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。)”可知，人們常常會(huì)權(quán)衡利弊，從而作出更優(yōu)的選擇。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。分析文章可知，第一段舉例說(shuō)明生活中的邊際變化；第二段介紹邊際思維的定義及功能；第三段闡述邊際思維在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用和意義。再結(jié)合文章最后一段“Individualsandfirmscanmakebetterdecisionsbythinkingatthemargin.(個(gè)人和公司可以通過(guò)邊際思維做出更好的決策)”，A項(xiàng)MarginalThinkingLeadstoBetterDecisions(邊際思維帶來(lái)更好的決策)符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。DAfterwakingup,youmayfeelfrustratedthatyoucannotrecallthedreamsyouhadlastnight.ArtificialIntelligence(AI)maybeabletohelp.Previously,therehavebeenAImodelsthatcanturntextsintoimages.Theydothisbylearningfromalargeamountofdatafrombothtextsandimages.Thistime,researchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemcalledStableDiffusiontorecreateimagesdirectlybasedonpeople'sbrainscans,Sciencemagazinereported.TheresearchersusedanonlinedatasetprovidedbytheUniversityofMinnesota,whichconsistedofbrainscansfromfourparticipantsastheyeachviewedasetof10,000photos.Thescanswererecordedbyfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).TheAIthenlearnedabouttheparticipants'brainactivitiesbyanalyzingchangesinbloodflowshownbythefMRIdata—whenapartofthebrainisactivated,morebloodwillflowtoit.Itthenmatchedthebrainactivitywiththephotos.Throughthismethod,theAIlearnedhowhumanbrainswouldreactwhenseeingdifferentphotos.Finally,theresearcherstestedtheAIonadditionalbrainscansfromthesameparticipantswhentheyviewedphotosofobjects.Ifthepersonlookedatanairplane,forexample,theAIwouldusethebrainscandatatocreateanimageofaveryblurry(模糊的)airplane.Then,itwouldturnontheprevious“texttoimage”modelandimprovethequalityoftheimagebyfeedingitselfthekeyword“airplane”.Thefinalimageswere“convincing”toabout80percentaccuracy,accordingtotheresearchers.Thenewstudycreatedanovelapproachthatbinestextsandimagesto“decodethebrain”.AccordingtoArielGoldsteinfromPrincetonUniversity,inthefuture,thetechnologycanbeusedtorecordimaginedthoughtsanddreamsorallowpeopletounderstandhowdifferentlyotheranimalsperceive(感知)reality.32.WhatisStableDiffusionmeanttodo?A.Scanpeople'sbrains. B.Turntextsintoimages.C.Usebrainscanstorebuildimages. D.Recordrelevantexperimentaldata.33.HowdidtheAIlearnabouttheparticipants'brainactivities?A.Byanalyzingchangesinbloodflow. B.Byaskingtheparticipantsquestions.C.Byparingdifferentbrainscans. D.ByreferringtopreviousAImodels.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Dreamscanhardlybeforgottenbyus. B.Textsandimageshelpdecodethebrain.C.People'sbrainsareaffectedbyfMRI. D.TheAIcreatesclearimagesofobjectsatfirst.35.WhatdoesArielGoldsteinsayaboutthetechnology?A.Ithasbeenadoptedinmanycountries. B.Itsdevelopmentisfarfromsatisfactory.C.Itislackinginconvincingevidence. D.Itsapplicationhasagreatprospect.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家利用人工智能StableDiffusion和fMRI技術(shù)，對(duì)腦神經(jīng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行解碼，幫助人們重現(xiàn)夢(mèng)境、想象或記憶畫(huà)面。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thistime,researchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemcalledStableDiffusiontorecreateimagesdirectlybasedonpeople'sbrainscans,Sciencemagazinereported.(據(jù)《科學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道，這一次，日本大阪大學(xué)的研究人員訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)名為‘StableDiffusion’的人工智能系統(tǒng)，可以直接根據(jù)人們的大腦掃描重建圖像。)”可知，StableDiffusion的功能為直接基于人腦掃描重建圖像。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheAIthenlearnedabouttheparticipants'brainactivitiesbyanalyzingchangesinbloodflowshownbythefMRIdata—whenapartofthebrainisactivated,morebloodwillflowtoit.(然后，人工智能通過(guò)分析fMRI數(shù)據(jù)顯示的血流變化來(lái)了解參與者的大腦活動(dòng)——當(dāng)大腦的一部分被激活時(shí)，會(huì)有更多的血液流向它。)”可知，通過(guò)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者血液流動(dòng)變化，AI可了解其大腦活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenewstudycreatedanovelapproachthatbinestextsandimagesto‘decodethebrain’.(這項(xiàng)新研究創(chuàng)造了一種結(jié)合文本和圖像來(lái)‘解碼大腦’的新方法。)”可知，該項(xiàng)新研究創(chuàng)造了一種結(jié)合文本和圖像來(lái)破譯大腦的新方法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“AccordingtoArielGoldsteinfromPrincetonUniversity,inthefuture,thetechnologycanbeusedtorecordimaginedthoughtsanddreamsorallowpeopletounderstandhowdifferentlyotheranimalsperceive(感知)reality.(普林斯頓大學(xué)的ArielGoldstein表示，未來(lái)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以用來(lái)記錄想象中的想法和夢(mèng)想，或者讓人們了解其他動(dòng)物對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的不同看法。)”可知，ArielGoldstein認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將來(lái)可應(yīng)用于記錄幻想和夢(mèng)境，或是幫助人們了解其他動(dòng)物對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)感知的差異，因此該技術(shù)具有極大的應(yīng)用前景。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howmuchtimedoesittakeyoutosleep,eatandmuteeveryday?_____36_____Thatcase,timeislimitedforyoutodoothermeaningfulthings.Managingyourtimeeffectively,therefore,beesamatterofcriticalimportance.Herearemanythingsyoucando.Workoutaplaninadvance.____37____Thiswillgiveyouameasureofcontroloverwhatisgoingtohappen.Whetheritisaplannerthatyoustickonthewalloracalendarapponyoursmartphone,findinganorganizingtoolthatworkswellforyouisessential.Then,recordallimportanteventssuchasexams,projectsandrehearsals,sothatyoucanprepareaccordingly._____38_____Thisisabouttheskilloforganization.Itreferstoarrangingyourpersonalspaceathome.Sowhendoingyourhomework,youareinatidyplace,freefromdistractions.Thisincludesputtingawayyourmobilephoneuntilyouhavefinishedeverythingthatneedstobedone.Prioritize(優(yōu)先考慮)whatneedsdoing.Thereisonlyalimitedamountoftimeinaday,andevenwithgoodplanningandorganization,itisnotalwayspossibletopleteeverythingthatneedstobedone.Insuchcircumstances,youwillhavetodecidewhichtaskshouldbepletedfirst.Youshouldclassifytheactivitiesonthebasisoftheirurgencyandimportance._____39_____Thenyoucanfocusonyourobjectiveandsticktoit.Onceyoustarttakinglittlestepseverydaytoplan,organizeandprioritizetheactivitiesyouintendtodevoteyourenergy,skillsandtalentsto,youcansparemoretimetostaywithfamilyandfriends,pursueahobbyorworkonpersonaldevelopment._____40_____A.Createfavourableconditions.B.Thisclassificationisyourultimategoal.C.Balancingthemisreallyachallengeforyou.D.Thisclassificationwillhelpdetermineyourpriority.E.Thinkaboutupingeventsandmakeatodolist.F.Thesebasicactivitiestakeupanenormouspartofyourday.G.Youwillendupreaping(收獲)therewardsoftimemanagement.【答案】36.F37.E38.A39.D40.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞如何管理時(shí)間而展開(kāi)?！?6題詳解】由上文“Howmuchtimedoesittakeyoutosleep,eatandmuteeveryday?(你每天花多少時(shí)間睡覺(jué)、吃飯和通勤？)”可知，設(shè)空處所填的句子應(yīng)該是回答前句，連接后句給出事實(shí)的結(jié)果。而F項(xiàng)Thesebasicactivitiestakeupanenormouspartofyourday.(這些基本活動(dòng)占據(jù)了你一天中很大一部分時(shí)間。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中Thesebasicactivities和上文sleep,eatandmute對(duì)應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由上文“Workoutaplaninadvance.(提前制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。)”可知，本段主要講即提前制定計(jì)劃，而本空設(shè)在段首，旨在進(jìn)一步解釋副標(biāo)題大意。E項(xiàng)Thinkaboutupingeventsandmakeatodolist.(思考即將發(fā)生的事件，并列出待辦事項(xiàng)。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中makeatodolist與上文Workoutaplan對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由下文“Thisisabouttheskilloforganization.Itreferstoarrangingyourpersonalspaceathome.Sowhendoingyourhomework,youareinatidyplace,freefromdistractions.Thisincludesputtingawayyourmobilephoneuntilyouhavefinishedeverythingthatneedstobedone.(這是關(guān)于組織的技巧。它指的是在家里安排你的個(gè)人空間。所以，當(dāng)你做作業(yè)時(shí)，你在一個(gè)整潔的地方，沒(méi)有分心的事情。這包括把你的收起來(lái)，直到你完成了所有需要做的事情。)”可知，這段主要講怎樣創(chuàng)造對(duì)自己有利的條件。而A項(xiàng)Createfavourableconditions.(創(chuàng)造有利條件。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中“arranging”，“atidyplace”，“freefromdistractions”和“puttingaway”，與A項(xiàng)“Createfavourableconditions”相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由上文“Youshouldclassifytheactivitiesonthebasisoftheirurgencyandimportance.(你應(yīng)該根據(jù)活動(dòng)的緊迫性和重要性對(duì)其進(jìn)行分類。)”以及后句“Thenyoucanfocusonyourobjectiveandsticktoit.(然后你可以專注于你的目標(biāo)并堅(jiān)持下去。)”可知，設(shè)空處所填內(nèi)容應(yīng)為將活動(dòng)進(jìn)行分類的好處，所以D項(xiàng)Thisclassificationwillhelpdetermineyourpriority.(此分類將有助于確定您的優(yōu)先級(jí)。)符合語(yǔ)境。其中Thisclassification與上文classify對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由上文“Onceyoustarttakinglittlestepseverydaytoplan,organizeandprioritizetheactivitiesyouintendtodevoteyourenergy,skillsandtalentsto,youcansparemoretimetostaywithfamilyandfriends,pursueahobbyorworkonpersonaldevelopment.(一旦你開(kāi)始每天采取一些小步驟來(lái)計(jì)劃、組織和優(yōu)先安排你打算投入精力、技能和才能的活動(dòng)，你就可以騰出更多的時(shí)間與家人和朋友呆在一起，追求愛(ài)好或致力于個(gè)人發(fā)展。)”可知，這里主要講一旦提前規(guī)劃、創(chuàng)造環(huán)境并對(duì)所做事情進(jìn)行優(yōu)化排序，人們將收獲時(shí)間管理帶來(lái)的好處。所以G項(xiàng)Youwillendupreaping(收獲)therewardsoftimemanagement.(你最終會(huì)收獲時(shí)間管理的回報(bào)。)符合語(yǔ)境，對(duì)上文有總結(jié)作用。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共