高中英語語法分專題全面復(fù)習(xí)第七講 非謂語動(dòng)詞（1）-動(dòng)名詞和分詞用法講解與練習(xí)

PAGE動(dòng)名詞和分詞用法動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式，由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成，有一般式和完成式，主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式，否定形式為notdoing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)。（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語（動(dòng)名詞做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）動(dòng)名詞作主語表示抽象動(dòng)作，指一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。eg:①Drivingacaronthecrowdedroadisboring.②Readingismyhobby.句型:It’snouse/nogooddoingsth做沒有用處/好處It’sawasteoftimedoingsth做浪費(fèi)時(shí)間（2）常只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。eg:①Ican’timaginemarryingher.②Shemanagedtoescapebeingpunished.以下動(dòng)詞詞組后面只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語：giveup,belongto,lookforwardto,keepon,insiston,bebusy,getdownto,bedevotedto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderfultime(in)等。eg:①I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.②Hegaveupsmokingthreeyears.動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語，表達(dá)的是“某件事”等。eg：

Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（動(dòng)名詞）(4)動(dòng)名詞可作定語動(dòng)名詞可作定語，前置定語：一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語，表示“用于……的”或表示“處于某件事情中的……”含義，后置定語：往往是一個(gè)詞組或短語eg:Heoftenstudiesinthereadingroom.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞具有動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語和表語。1作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個(gè)v-ing放在被修飾的名詞前；如果短語作定語，則放在所修飾詞的后面。v-ing作定語和被修飾詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在同時(shí)進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生。eg:①thefallingleaves＝theleaveswhicharefalling②therisingsun＝thesunwhichisrising③Isawhimgointothehousefacingsouth.2作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當(dāng)于形容詞，常表示主語所具有的特征，含有主動(dòng)意味。大多數(shù)使動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞通常可作表語，常見的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surprising,encouraging等。eg:①Hisstorywasverymoving.②Thespeechisreallyboring.3作補(bǔ)語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與作補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。后面常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞（五看二使二聽一感覺see,lookat,watch,observe,notice,have,get，hear,listento,feel）（少一個(gè)make）以及其他類動(dòng)leave,keep,catch,set等。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。eg:①Isawthemplayinggamesontheplaygroundyesterday.②Don’tleavehimwaitingoutsidetheroom.4.作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing或其短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞-ing短語可由連詞while或when引出。eg:①Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(時(shí)間)②Havingfinishedhishomework,shewasplayingontheplayground.(原因)③Studyinghard,youaresuretogetthefirstprize.(條件)過去分詞過去分詞既有副詞的特征又有動(dòng)詞的特征，在句中可作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語等成分。（1）作定語過去分詞作定語，它和被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)、完成關(guān)系，單個(gè)過去分詞作定語放在前，過去分詞短語作定語放在后。其中及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示完成或被動(dòng)概念，不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只表示完成概念，沒有被動(dòng)的意味。eg:①therisensun＝thesunwhichhasrisen②fallenleaves＝leaveswhichhasfallen③Thisisthehousebuiltseveralyearsago.(2)作補(bǔ)語及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，和賓語之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表狀態(tài)和完成?？梢詭н^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞（五看三使二聽一感覺），以及其他類動(dòng)keep,leave,like,want,wish等。eg:①Ican’tgetthecargoing.②Ihadmylegbrokenlastweek.(3)作表語過去分詞作表語表示被動(dòng)意義，主語常是人，一般用來表示感受和狀態(tài)，可以用作表語的常見的過去分詞有：astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,qualified,satisfied,upset等,有些過去分詞作表語實(shí)際上已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定短語。如：beinterestedin,besatisfiedwith,becoveredwith,bedressedin,beseated,belocked等。能用這些分詞作表語的系動(dòng)詞有be,get,remain,stay等。eg:①Thedoorremainedlocked.②Weweregreatlyencouragedwhenweheardthespeech.（4）作狀語過去分詞在句中作狀語，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它和被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。它在句中可以作時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、讓步和伴隨狀語。eg:①Tiredout,theystoppedtohavearest.(原因)②Takenaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity’snewlook.③Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的短語，不是句子（即：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，須保留之后所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)）。可放在句首或句尾，它的構(gòu)成為“名詞或代詞＋分詞/不定式”或“with＋名詞/代詞＋分詞/不定式”。（1）名詞/代詞＋不定式名詞或代詞通常為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可位于句首或句末。eg:Hewillsendme﹩100first,theresttofollowinayear.(2)名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eg①:Timepermiting,wefinishthework.②Springcomingon,thetreesturnsgreen.（3）名詞/代詞＋過去分詞名詞或代詞通常為過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。與過去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或系表關(guān)系。eg:①Thesigalgiven,thebusstarted.②Theirstrengthexhausted,theysankdownonebyone.(表原因)with＋名詞/代詞＋非謂語動(dòng)詞（1）with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式不定式和賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。eg:Withnothingtodo,theywentoutforawalk.（表原因）(2)with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞賓語和動(dòng)詞-ing之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。eg:Theboysleptwiththelightburning.（表伴隨）(3)with＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞不定式和賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。eg:Theystayedinsidewiththedoorlocked.（表伴隨）常見動(dòng)詞后接todo不定式和doing動(dòng)名詞的意義不同的情況：remembertodosth記起要做某事rememberdoingsth記起做過某事forgettodosth忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事regrettodosth后悔要做某事regretdoingsth后悔做過某事goontodosth接著做另外一件事goondoingsth接著做同一件事stoptodosth停下來開始做另外一件某事stopdoingsth停止做正在做的某事trytodosth盡力做某事trydoingsth試著做某事meantodosth打算（意欲，企圖）做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事can’thelp（to）dosth不能幫忙做某事can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁地做某事“感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)（dosth/doingsth）”的區(qū)別感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)（dosth）表示事實(shí)或全過程感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)（doingsth）表示片段或進(jìn)行eg:Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.Didyouseeapencil-boxlyingonthegroundjustnow.非謂語動(dòng)詞易錯(cuò)題型練習(xí)1(1)Iregret____youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing.⑵Idon’tregret____herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether.

A.totellB.totellingC.havingtoldD.tell2.⑴Wedon’tallow_____inthereadingroom.⑵Wedon’tallowthem_____inthereadingroom.

A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokeD.smoked

3.(1)___hardandyou’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.⑵___hard,you’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

A.WorkingB.ToworkC.WorkD.Worked⑴_(tái)____,wewentforaswimintheriver.⑵_____,sowewentforaswimintheriver.

A.BeinghotB.ItbeinghotC.AsithotD.Itwashot5.⑴Ican’thelp____whenIhearthatterriblenoise.A.laughingB.laughedC.laughD.beinglaughed

(2)Ican’thelp____theroom,forIamverybusynow.A.cleanB.cleaningC.havecleanD.cleaned

6.⑴_(tái)____fromthetower,Dalianlooksmorebeautiful.⑵_____fromthetower,wecanseeourbeautifulcity.

A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.Havingseen

7.⑴Thesportmeet______nextweekisofgreatimportance.⑵Thesportsmeet______nowisveryimportant

⑶Thesportsmeet____lastweekisofgreatimportance.

A.holdingB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.held

8.⑴Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakeus___him.⑵Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimself_____.

A.heardB.hearingC.hearD.tobeheard9.(1)Hestoodtherewithhiseyes_________hismother．Hestoodthere,_______hismother．

A.staringatB.staredonC.fixinguponD.fixedupon10.⑴Mostofuswenttoseeher,____somegirls.⑵Mostofuswenttoseeher,somegirls____.

A.includeB.includingC.includedD.toinclude11.⑴Hewassurprisedtoseesomevillagers____there.⑵Tohissurprise,hesawsomevillagers_____themselves.

A.seatB.seatedC.seatingD.toseat12.⑴Theman_____Zhaosanusedtolivehere.⑵Theman____himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.

A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.call13.⑴Hehadnochoicebut________atthebus-stopintherain.⑵Hehadnothingtodobut________atthebus-stopintherain.

A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.shouldwait.14.(1)I’mnotfreethiseveningbecauseIhavealotofthings______.(2)Hewassolazythathehadallofhiswashing______.

A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done15.(1)Heoftenseethem_______footballontheplayground.⑵Themissingboyswerelastseen_____neartheriver.

A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplay16.(1)Weareconsidering___upanewfactoryhereinthistown．(2)Weareconsideringhow__upanewfactoryhereinthistown．

(3)Theboyisconsidered____agoodexampletohisclassmates．

A.settingB.tosetC.tohavesetD.havingset

17.(1)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin．

(2)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryheisstudyingin．

(3)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhewillstudyin.

A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.havingstudied

18.(1)Iinsistthatyou______memymoneyback．(2)Iinsistedonyour_____memymoneyback．

A.giveB.togiveC.givingD.wouldgive

(3)TheoldmaninsistedthatI______hiswallet．A.hastakenB.tookC.shouldtakeD.hadtaken

19.(1)Idon'tenjoy_____funofothers.(2)Idon'tenjoy_____funofbyothers.

A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade20.(1)Iftime_____,I'llgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.(2)Time_____,I'llgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.

A.permittedB.permitsC.permittingD.permit21.(1)Hehadnochoicebut____aloudthetextintheclassroom..(2)Hedidnothingbut_____aloudthetextintheclassroom..

A.readingB.toreadC.readD.tobereading22.(1)_____agoodwriter,hehasalotofthingstolearn.(2)______agoodwriter,hewroteanumberofarticles.

A.TobeB.BeingC.HavingD.Done23.(1)_____hiswallet,hebecameveryworried.(2)______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.toloseB.losingC.lostD.havingbeenlost24.(1)Havingfinishedhomework,______.(2)Havingbeenfinished,_______.

A.thehomeworkwashandedinB.theteacherpraisedhim

C.hewenthomewithhisclassmatesD.andhewenthomequickly25.Findinghercarstolen,____.

A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughly

C.itwaslookedforeveryoneD.Shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp26.(1)Theteachercamein,____theSs.(2)Theteachercamein,_