2018年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語二》真題及解析

2018年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語二》真題及解析材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddoothert（江南博哥）hingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor."Thinkingaboutlongterm20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,"Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.查看材料1.【完形填空】第（1）題選_____.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve正確答案：D參考解析：空格處填入動詞，與名詞uncertainty“不確定的事，未知事物”構(gòu)成搭配。由下一句可知該研究說明的是人有很強(qiáng)烈的求知欲(needtoknow)，因此對于“未知的事物”應(yīng)該去了解、認(rèn)識，D項“解決，解答”正確。查看材料2.【完形填空】第（2）題選______.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret正確答案：B參考解析：空格處填入動詞，與to構(gòu)成搭配，說明人類應(yīng)怎樣對待“滿足好奇心”(satisfytheircuriosity)。由前半句可知，人類的求知欲很強(qiáng)(needtoknowissostrong)，第二段也提到inanefforttosatisfycuriosity“努力滿足好奇心”。結(jié)合選項，refuse意為“拒絕”，seek意為“尋求”，wait意為“等待”，regret“遺憾”。只有seek填入文中“尋找方法滿足好奇心”最符合語境，故選B。查看材料3.【完形填空】第（3）題選______.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead正確答案：C參考解析：空格位于evenwhen引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，句意為“即使結(jié)果明顯會______，人們還是會滿足好奇心”，由evenwhen“即使”來看，這個結(jié)果應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的；而由首句willobviouslybepainful來看，為滿足好奇，人是會做一些不愉快的事。結(jié)合選項，rise意為“上升”，last意為“持續(xù)，最后”，hurt意為“損害，受痛苦”，mislead意為“誤導(dǎo)”。由此可知C項hurt與painful是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C。查看材料4.【完形填空】第（4）題選______.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat正確答案：B參考解析：空格處填入動詞，構(gòu)成…sb／oneselftosth．的結(jié)構(gòu)，說明研究是要測試學(xué)生哪方面的意愿，且這樣做的目的是滿足好奇心(satisfycuriosity)。從下一段可知，在實驗中學(xué)生要想知道哪些筆帶電的話就得摁下筆受到電擊，這是對應(yīng)第一段的“為了求知做一些痛苦的事(painful)”。結(jié)合選項，alert意為“使警覺”，expose意為“使暴露”，tie意為“捆，綁”，treat意為“款待”。只有B項填入文中指要滿足好奇心，就會“遭受到”不愉快的刺激，符合上下文的邏輯，故選B。查看材料5.【完形填空】第（5）題選______.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept正確答案：A參考解析：由空格所在句中的participant“參加者”，researcher“研究人員”及previousexperiment“之前的實驗”可知，本句描述的是實驗過程，是在描述段首提到的四個實驗之一(Inaseriesoffourexperiments)。結(jié)合選項，trial指“試驗”與此對應(yīng)，故選A。查看材料6.【完形填空】第（6）題選_____.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt正確答案：B參考解析：空格處填入動詞，與名詞anelectricshock“電擊”構(gòu)成搭配。由下一段可知，有些筆是帶電的(electrified)，摁下筆會發(fā)出電擊(clicked…pensandincurred…shocks)，所以空格需要類似“產(chǎn)生電擊、發(fā)出電擊”的詞義。結(jié)合選項，remove意為“擦除”，deliver意為“遞送，給予”，weaken意為“削弱”，interrupt意為“打斷”。B項deliver可與shock構(gòu)成搭配，意為“發(fā)出電擊”，符合語義，故選B。查看材料7.【完形填空】第（7）題選______.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though正確答案：C參考解析：空格處填入引導(dǎo)詞，說明從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系?？崭窈鬄檫^去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)leftalone，此處省略了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，實為studentswereleftalone“學(xué)生被單獨留下”或“學(xué)生獨自留在房間”，主句講述的是參與實驗的學(xué)生的具體行為，故此處需要的是表時間的邏輯詞，表示“"當(dāng)學(xué)生獨自留在房間時，他們會有怎么樣的反應(yīng)”，故選c。查看材料8.【完形填空】第（8）題選______A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen正確答案：D參考解析：空格位于定語從句中，說明第一類學(xué)生的特點；空格所在處的主語that指代的是whichoneswouldshockthem，即“哪些筆是帶電的”。本段首句提到，實驗對象有兩類學(xué)生，一類知道哪些筆是帶電的，另一類只知道有些筆帶電，但不知道具體是哪些筆。本句第一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句指代了第二類學(xué)生，故空格所在處應(yīng)指第一類學(xué)生，即知道哪些筆是帶電的，故他們是知道“摁下筆被電”是會“發(fā)生”的，故happen符合語義，故選D。查看材料9.【完形填空】第（9）題選______.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto正確答案：A參考解析：空格填入介詞短語，表明空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂暗膐therstimuli“其他刺激物”指類似“被電”這類不愉快的體驗；而空格后的“指甲劃過黑板的聲音”和“令人作嘔的昆蟲照片”在邏輯上應(yīng)屬于這類不愉快體驗的舉例，suchas符合文章邏輯，故選A。查看材料10.【完形填空】第（10）題選______.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget正確答案：C參考解析：空格處填入動詞，Thedriveto…指“對……的需求”，全文討論的是求知欲(needtoknow)和滿足好奇心(satisfycuriosity)，故此處應(yīng)復(fù)現(xiàn)全文關(guān)鍵詞，填入discover“對探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)的需求”符合題意，故選C。查看材料11.【完形填空】第（11）題選______.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling正確答案：B參考解析：空格處填入名詞，與shelter“住處，棲身之地”并列，都表示人類最基本的需求(basicdrives)。結(jié)合選項，pay意為“支付，薪酬”，food意為“食物”，marriage意為“婚姻”，schooling意為“學(xué)校教育”。food“食物”是最基本的需求，符合上下文句意，故選B。查看材料12.【完形填空】第（12）題選______.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom正確答案：C參考解析：空格處填入動詞短語，作句子的謂語，說明主語it(指代curiosity“好奇心”)與賓語newscientificadvances“新的科技進(jìn)步”的關(guān)系?？崭窬涫菍Α昂闷嫘氖呛玫?goodinstinct)”的舉例，都應(yīng)說明“好奇心”的好處，leadto填入文中，指“好奇心可以促使科學(xué)進(jìn)步”，符合題意，故選C。查看材料13.【完形填空】第（13）題選______.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在分句與前一分句是并列關(guān)系，但語義相反，sometimes與前半句的often對應(yīng)；backfire“產(chǎn)生事與愿違的結(jié)果”則與前面agoodinstinct相反，故such…應(yīng)指代前面的curiosity。結(jié)合選項，inquiry意為“查明，探究”，withdrawal意為“撤銷，隱退”，persistence意為“堅持”，diligence意為“勤奮”。inquiry和curiosity語義對應(yīng)，故選A。查看材料14.【完形填空】第（14）題選_______.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive正確答案：D參考解析：采用排除法。空格處填入形容詞，說明好奇心會驅(qū)使我們做什么事。從語篇邏輯來看，本句應(yīng)該是對上一句后半句的補(bǔ)充說明，即說明好奇心可能會產(chǎn)生事與愿違的結(jié)果(backfire)，故空格填入的詞應(yīng)含有消極意義，據(jù)此可排除含褒義的B項“自主的”及中性詞c項“明顯的”。結(jié)合上下文多處提到painful，unpleasant等詞可推斷，滿足好奇心可能會“傷害自己”，而不是“欺騙自己”，排除A項。因此選D。查看材料15.【完形填空】第（15）題選________.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist正確答案：D參考解析：本句語序可理解為to_____unhealthycuriosityispossible，故空格填入的動詞與“不健康的好奇心”構(gòu)成動賓搭配。從下一句實驗的情況來看，如果參與者事先預(yù)測的話，他們選擇看令人不悅的圖片的可能性就會降低(lesslikely…toseesuchanimage)，而看這些圖片就是為了滿足好奇心，故不看這些圖片實際上就是忍住不去滿足好奇心，D項．“忍住、按捺住(擁有某東西或做某事的欲望)”正確。查看材料16.【完形填空】第（16）題選_______.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict正確答案：D參考解析：空格處填入動詞，說明在被鼓勵做什么的參與者選擇看令人不悅的圖片的可能性更低；空格動詞的賓語是由how引導(dǎo)的從句，該從句內(nèi)容為“他們在看到令人不悅的照片會有什么樣的感覺”，而由下文的imagining“想象”和thinkingabout“思考”可知，參與者應(yīng)該只是對看后的感覺進(jìn)行“想象，假想”，空格填入的詞應(yīng)與imagine或thinkabout語義相近，選項中只有predict符合條件，故選D。查看材料17.【完形填空】第（17）題選______.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend正確答案：A參考解析：空格處填入動詞，與后面的toseesuchanimage構(gòu)成“動詞+todosth．”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中suchanimage指代anunpleasantpicture，此處應(yīng)該是說實驗對象最終是否看圖片的結(jié)果，A項“選擇”正確，填入文中意為“這些人選擇看這些圖片的可能性更低”，語義邏輯合理，故選A。查看材料18.【完形填空】第（18）題選______.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty正確答案：B參考解析：空格中填入名詞，作imagining“想象”的賓語，且其后由offollowingthroughonone’s

curiosity修飾，本句意為“事先想象刨根問底滿足好奇心的______有助于決定……”，本句是對實驗的總結(jié)，根據(jù)第16題與imagining的對象關(guān)系可知，填入的名詞應(yīng)該是對howtheywouldfeelafter…的概括，實際上是對“后果，結(jié)果”的猜想，B項正確。查看材料19.【完形填空】第（19）題選_______.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether正確答案：D參考解析：空格填入引導(dǎo)詞，作determine的賓語，從句中it指代followingthroughonone’s

curiosity，意為“刨根問底滿足好奇心值得一試”。從實驗結(jié)果來看，做過想象的人選擇這樣做的可能性更低，所以此處應(yīng)該指“是否應(yīng)這樣做”，結(jié)合選項，how意為“如何”，用來表方式；why意為“為什么”，用來表原因；where意為“哪里”，用來表地點；whether意為“是否”，最符合句意，故選D。查看材料20.【完形填空】第（20）題選______.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies正確答案：C參考解析：空格填入的名詞作Thinkingabout的賓語，說明降低好奇心可能產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響的關(guān)鍵是什么。本題可結(jié)合第16題和第18題，從imagining和thinkingabout的對應(yīng)關(guān)系來看，本題的答案應(yīng)與第18題的答案意思相近。結(jié)合選項，limitations意為“限制”，investments意為“投資”，consequences意為“后果”，strategies意為“戰(zhàn)略”。consequences符合題意，故選C。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation"havethatstereotype..,thatit'sforkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically,"hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That'snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodothem.Koziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents'lackof_______.A.academictrainingB.practicalabilityC.pioneeringspiritD.mechanicalmemorization正確答案：B參考解析：brokenbikechain的例子出現(xiàn)在第二段第三句。該句為反問句，實際上指出學(xué)生的現(xiàn)狀：能說得出美國第13任總統(tǒng)是誰，但卻不會處理壞了的自行車鏈，而這種現(xiàn)狀卻是人們普遍認(rèn)同的知識(acceptedwisdom)。第二段前兩句提到StephenKoziatek所在學(xué)校是開創(chuàng)性的(pioneering，暗示其做法與普遍做法不同)，學(xué)生學(xué)到的是實用知識(practical)，故普遍的情況是學(xué)生缺乏這類實用知識，也正是brokenbikechain所對應(yīng)的，故選B。查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho_______.A.haveastereotypedmindB.havenocareermotivationC.arefinanciallydisadvantagedD.arenotacademicallysuccessful正確答案：D參考解析：題干問的prejudice出現(xiàn)在第四段首句。接著兩句具體解釋“偏見”是什么。前一句說的是動手類的工作(Workingwithyourhands)被認(rèn)為是低人一等的(inferiority)；后一句則說有一種固定思維(stereotype)認(rèn)為，職業(yè)教育是面向那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不成功的孩子(forkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically)，其中的makeit意為“在某方向取得成功”，D項與原文can’tmakeitacademically同義，故選D。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates_______.A.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesB.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivilegesD.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing正確答案：A參考解析：第五段第三句提到以往(once)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)可以給中學(xué)畢業(yè)生提供工作保障(jobsecurity)，而現(xiàn)在這種保障已基本消失了(haslargelyevaporated)。言下之意是過去中學(xué)畢業(yè)生基本能找到工作，而現(xiàn)在的工作機(jī)會沒以前多了，A項中usedto暗示過去的工作機(jī)會多，現(xiàn)在沒那么多了，與文意相符，故選A。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】Theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall_______.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationD.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce正確答案：C參考解析：題目所述與第六段第一句破折號前的內(nèi)容一致，該句說這種做法忽略一個重要的觀點，即這并不是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)所需的唯一東西；此外，從第三、第四句But后的內(nèi)容看，這種強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)學(xué)位的做法還遺留了一些不能解決的問題，c項“高估高等教育的價值”與文中的暗示一致，故選C。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas_______.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointed正確答案：C參考解析：作者對Koziatek的學(xué)校的態(tài)度在最后兩段均有體現(xiàn)。第七段最后兩句提到工人階級的工作崗位有缺口(gap)，即有些工作找不到合適的人來做，而Koziatek的學(xué)校則能填補(bǔ)這個缺口(fillthatgap)。此外，最后一段將Koziatek的學(xué)校形容為awake-upcall，說明其有警示、警醒作用，這些都說明作者對Koziatek的學(xué)校的支持，故選C。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題Whilefossilfuels—coal,oil,gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion"whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn'tshine?"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn'tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】Theword"plummeting"(line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising正確答案：C參考解析：plummeting一詞在第二段第二句，在句中修飾價格，說明可再生能源價格的變化是如何促使其使用增長。結(jié)合第三句具體提到的價格變化：太陽能電池板的造價下跌了(droppedby)80％。第三句應(yīng)該是第二句的舉例和延伸，故plummeting應(yīng)與drop“下降”同義，故選C。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica_______.A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical正確答案：A參考解析：第三段第三句提到美國使用可再生能源的情況。該句提到世界上的其他國家已帶頭發(fā)展(takesthelead)，美國也有顯著的變化(aremarkableshift)；第四句則引用數(shù)據(jù)支持。A項中的processingnotably與原文的aremarkableshift同義，故選A。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_______.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.teehgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply正確答案：A參考解析：第四段第二、第三句均提到了Iowa。第三句的兩個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句說明了風(fēng)能在該州的發(fā)展。其中提到風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)布滿農(nóng)田(dotthefields，暗示風(fēng)能被廣泛應(yīng)用)，產(chǎn)生全州電能的36％；并吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭。A項對應(yīng)文中兩個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句的內(nèi)容，故A項正確。原文中提到了風(fēng)能在愛荷華州發(fā)電量的占比是36％，并未說風(fēng)能已經(jīng)取代化石燃料，排除B項。原文提到微軟這樣的科技巨頭也被清潔能源吸引，沒有提及科技巨頭正在投資清潔能源，排除C項。清潔能源短缺在原文沒有明確信息顯示，也不正確，排除D項。查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraph5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.正確答案：C參考解析：第六段第一句明確提到，電池儲存能力的提升部分依賴于汽車制造業(yè)的發(fā)展(driveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers)，與A項提到“清潔能源的應(yīng)用”無關(guān)，排除A項。第六段第二句提到，現(xiàn)在電動汽車還是很少見的，故可知現(xiàn)在清潔能源還未能在電動汽車上廣泛應(yīng)用，排除B項。第五段第二句提到電池的存儲容量提高之后就更有可能保持晝夜持續(xù)供電，也就是說清潔能源即將實現(xiàn)持續(xù)供電，由此得知，C項是對此內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)述，所以C項正確。從第五、第六段較為積極的詞組making…morelikely，changethepicturerapidly來看，新能源的開發(fā)利用前景非常樂觀，D項中的difficult與此語義相反，排除D項。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy______.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost正確答案：C參考解析：最后一段末句暗示的是無論華盛頓是否為推動替代能源出力，它的影響都會越來越小?！叭A盛頓”指代的就是美國政府(英美報刊中，常用某國的首都指代該國的政府，如用Beijing指代中國政府)；而破折號中間的ordoesn’tdo暗示美國政府可能在這方面不作為，這點從第四段特朗普總統(tǒng)的態(tài)度可得到印證，故選C。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits_______.A.digitalproductsB.userinformationC.physicalassetsD.qualityservice正確答案：B參考解析：第一段第二句提到Whats

App為Facebook提供的東西是一張網(wǎng)(web)，里面是用戶的朋友圈和社交生活(users'friendshipsandsociallives)，這兩點可歸結(jié)為用戶的社交信息，B項正確。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay_______.A.worsenpoliticaldisputesB.messupcustomerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusersD.misleadtheEuropeancommission正確答案：C參考解析：題干中l(wèi)inkingthephonenumber出現(xiàn)在第二段第一句。該句but后的brokethepromise“食言”暗示Facebook收購WhatsApp后真的將電話號碼與Facebook賬號關(guān)聯(lián)起來了，第二句提到后果是大量發(fā)送人和接收人的信息都被泄露了(revealing)。這些隱私信息被泄露，合理的推斷是給用戶帶來風(fēng)險，c項正確。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw_______.A.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalanceC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket正確答案：D參考解析：原文第三段提到競爭法好像是解決這些權(quán)利失衡的唯一途徑，由此可知競爭法是約束市場權(quán)利的，而非服務(wù)于市場權(quán)利，同樣原文未提及競爭法只提供一種解決辦法，也未提到經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡的有關(guān)信息，排除A、B、c項。第三段整段都在討論competitionlaw，提到了它的兩個缺陷(clumsy)。第三句提到，與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化速度相比，競爭法(的更新)相當(dāng)緩慢(slow)；第四句則對此舉例，當(dāng)競爭法對某個問題做更新后，該問題已經(jīng)消失了，市場上出現(xiàn)的是新問題，由此可知，競爭法跟不上市場變化的步伐，D項正確。查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause_______.A.theyarenotdefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers正確答案：A參考解析：題干because前的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第六句，該句前半部分說明競爭法只適于客戶(customers)的經(jīng)濟(jì)受損(financialdisadvantage)；該句when后的內(nèi)容說明如果使用這些服務(wù)的用戶不付費，客戶的經(jīng)濟(jì)受損這一點就不明顯了；第七句明確提到使用這些服務(wù)的用戶不是客戶(nottheircustomers)，由此可推斷這些用戶因為不是客戶而不適用于競爭法，因而不受保護(hù)，A項正確。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate_______.A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsB.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiantsC.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customersD.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers正確答案：D參考解析：antsanalogy“有關(guān)螞蟻的類比”出現(xiàn)在最后一段第二、第三句。這兩句分別用Justas…so…結(jié)構(gòu)和并列句形式，將螞蟻對待蚜蟲的方式和Google對待用戶的方式作類比：螞蟻養(yǎng)蚜蟲是為了蜜露，Google養(yǎng)用戶是為了數(shù)據(jù)；螞蟻保護(hù)蚜蟲不被別的昆蟲捕食，Google保護(hù)用戶不被垃圾郵件騷擾，作類比的目的要看前后的觀點句，末句歸結(jié)出這種關(guān)系不像是人道的或民主的(humanordemocraticrelationship)，故可推斷作類比的目的是說明兩者的關(guān)系，D項正確。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof"deepwork"—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga"journalistic"approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends"deepscheduling"tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,"hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,"belazy.""Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,"heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient."Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,"saysPillay.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto_______.A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork正確答案：A參考解析：題干中的masteringtheartofdeepwork出現(xiàn)在第二段第一句，該句beit后舉例了三個掌握深度工作藝術(shù)的方法；第二句道出關(guān)鍵(thekeyis)是確定專注的時長(yourlength

offocustime)，并堅持下去(stickto)。A項中的keepto指“遵循，遵從”，與stickto同義，故選A。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat_______.A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsD.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected正確答案：D參考解析：題干中的Thestudyintheearly1980s出現(xiàn)在第四段第二句。該句提到實驗的內(nèi)容，把對象分成兩組，一組按月制訂計劃，另一組按天制訂計劃，且計劃詳細(xì)。第五段第一句提到了實驗結(jié)果。研究人員預(yù)測的是詳細(xì)的計劃會更有效，但他們的預(yù)測并不正確(they

werewrong)，詳細(xì)的計劃反而會讓學(xué)生失去動力(demotivatedstudents)，D項正確，其中的notfruitfulasexpected說明了研究人員的預(yù)測錯誤，故選D。查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis_______.A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork正確答案：D參考解析：第六、第七段實際上都是在強(qiáng)調(diào)idleness的積極作用，第七段最后強(qiáng)調(diào)：對于完成任何工作放空都是必需的(necessarytogettinganyworkdone)，D項中essential與necessary同義，accomplish“完成”與原文get…done也同義，故選D。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】Pillaybelievesthatourbrains'shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimedatbetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency正確答案：B參考解析：題干中的ourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused對應(yīng)的是第八段第二句中的“switchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused”，其中shift和switch是同義詞，均表示“改變”。原文該處提到，當(dāng)處于這種專注與分心交替時，大腦的效率會更高(moreefficient)，B項中的greaterefficiency與此對應(yīng)，因此正確。原文未提及工作效率與心理健康、工作平衡、工作緊迫性的關(guān)系，排除A、C、D項。查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】Thistextismainlyabout_______.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustime正確答案：B參考解析：從各段大意來看，全文可分為四部分：第一、第二段；第三段；第四、第五段；第六至九段。這四部分分別講述了如何高效工作，避免過于忙碌的四種方法。文中在每部分開頭反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了語義相同的關(guān)鍵詞，分別是tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy“避免流于表面的忙碌”(暗示要高效深度工作，充分利用精力)；to…getmoredoneinlesstime“用更少的時間做更多的事”，togettingmoredoneinlesstime；tomakethemostofourfocusand

energy“充分利用專注力和精力”。這四條關(guān)鍵信息都說明要充分利用精力和注意力，達(dá)到用更少時間做更多事的目的，B項復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵信息gettingmoredoneinlesstime，故選B。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答41-45題FivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.____________Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyousays"Iwanttotalkwiththisperson"——thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething——thefirstword——butitjustwon'tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.Justthink:Whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustnow.Sokeepitsimple:"Hi","Hey"or"Hello"——dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay"Hi".42