湖北省黃岡市2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題含解析

PAGEPAGE25湖北省黃岡市2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題（含解析）考生留意：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、座號(hào)填寫在相應(yīng)位置，仔細(xì)核對(duì)條形碼上的姓名、考號(hào)和座號(hào)，并將條形碼粘貼在指定位置上。2.選擇題答案必需運(yùn)用2B鉛筆（按填涂樣例）正確填涂；非選擇題答案必需運(yùn)用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書(shū)寫。字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請(qǐng)依據(jù)題號(hào)在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫的答案無(wú)效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。保持卡面清潔，不折疊、不破損。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.2.Whatdoesthewomanmostprobablywanttodo?A.Haveawalk.B.Buynewclothes.C.Buysomeflowers.3.WhydidthemangotoBeijing?A.Tovisithisparents.B.Toreceivejobtraining.C.Tohaveaninterview.4.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Angry.B.Interested.C.Frightened.5.WhatistheclimateofautumninBeijinglike?A.Itdoesn'trainatall.B.Itrainsalot.C.Itseldomrains.其次節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whattimeisitnow?A.11:00am.B.11:30am.C.12:00noon7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atarestaurant.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanlikebest?A.Jazz.B.Rockmusic.C.Classicalmusic.9.Whocanplaytheviolin?A.Kate.B.David.C.Hazel.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhenwillHalloweenbegin?A.Tomorrow.B.Thisweek.C.Nextweek.11.Whereisthewomanfrom?A.TheUK.B.America.C.Russia.12.Whatwillthewomando?A.Buysomecandy.B.Attendaparty.C.Visitherfriends.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atasupermarket.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atthepolicestation.14.Whathappenedtotheman?A.HelosthiswalletB.Helosthisway.C.Hecanceledhiscreditcard15.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehadlunchathome.B.Hisfriendpaidforthesupper.C.Heoftentakesoutwalletwhensittingdown.16.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Callthepolice.B.Quarrelwiththewoman.C.Checkwhetherthewalletisathome.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdidthespeakerwanttobewhenhewasinmiddleschool?A.Ateacher.B.Apilot.C.Atourguide.18.Whydidthespeakergiveupstudyingphysics?A.Hehadtoworktosupporthimself.B.Helostinterestedinphysics.C.Hiseyesightwastoopoor.19.Wheredidthespeakerworkforatravelagency?A.InSouthAmerica.B.IntheUS.C.InSpain.20.WhendidthespeakerstarttoteachEnglish?A.Afterhavingababy.B.Rightafterleavingtheuniversity.C.Beforegettingmarried.其次部分閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2.5分；滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMostpeoplearehappytoreceivegiftsjustbecauseoftheirsocialcustoms,butinfacttheydon'tlikethem,AstheNewYearapproaches,wemaybeeagertoseethejoyonthefacesofthosewhoreceivegifts.Howtoprepareathoughtfulgift?Herearesomerecommendedbrandsforyou.PatekPillippe,aSwisswatchmanufacturer(制造商)foundedin1839,locatedinGenevaandtheValléedeJoux.APatekwatchisn'tadevicefortellingtime.Itcantransfervaluesacrossgenerations.Itisintendedtoexpresstheattitudeofmodernmentowardsparenthood.Therealspiritofthisbrandiscloseness,emotionandtogetherness.Thosearewhatyouwantenjoyandpassonfromgenerationtogeneration.Cognac.Cognacisatypeofbrandymadefromdistilledwhitewine.Infact,theword“brandy”comesfromaDutchwordwhichmeansburntwine.TheoriginofCognacdatesbacktothe16thcenturywhenDutchsellerscametoaFrenchregiontobuysalt,wood,andwine.Andsoonthisbrandyisnamedafteritsbirthplace,alittletowninsouthwestofFrance.Cognacisthemostcomplexwinetomakeandittakesthelongesttimetoproduce—centuries,insomecases.Frifuliisboththegroupnameandthebrandname.Foundedin1982inAthens,Greece.Frifulidesignsandmanufacturesjewelry.Todayithasmorethan390storesin25countriesaroundtheworld.Atthebeginning,Frifuliwastodesignandmanufacturejewelry.Withtheadditionofthewatchseriesin1994andtheaccessories(飾品)seriesin1998,Frifulihasgraduallybecomeafashionbrandcoveringthethreefieldsofjewelry,watchesandaccessories.1.WhatdoPatekPillippeandFrifulihaveincommon?A.Bothhavealonghistory.B.Botharethenamesofthemanufacturerandthebrand.C.Bothdoonesamebusiness.D.Bothdobusinessinseveralfields.2.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Mostpeoplereceivegiftsbecausetheyreallylikeit.B.PetekPillippeisabrandtoshowparents'love.C.Cognaccostsalongtimetoproduce.D.Frifulionlyconcentratesonmanufacturingjewelry.3.WheredoesCognaccomefrom?A.Swiss. B.Greece.C.Holland. D.France.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要舉薦幾款過(guò)年禮物的品牌?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)PatekPillippe和Frifuli定位在文章其次部分和第四部分，依據(jù)原文“PatekPillippe,aSwisswatchmanufacturerfoundedin1839(百達(dá)翡麗是一家成立于1839年的瑞士手表制造商)”和“Frifulihasgraduallybecomeafashionbrandspanningthethreefieldsofjewelry,watchesandaccessories.(Frifuli已漸漸成為一種時(shí)尚品牌的三個(gè)字段珠寶、手表及配件。)”可知，這兩個(gè)品牌都有手表類業(yè)務(wù)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Cognacisthemostcomplexwineintheworldtomakeandittakesthelongesttimetoproduce—centuries,insomecases.(Cognac是最困難的葡萄酒，生產(chǎn)時(shí)間也最長(zhǎng)，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。)”可知，cognac釀造時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Andsoonthisbrandyisnamedafteritsbirthplace,alittletowninsouthwestofFrance.(很快這種白蘭地就以它的誕生地——法國(guó)西南部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)命名了。)”可知,Cognac來(lái)自于法國(guó)。故選D。BSixweeksbeforehisbirthday,GiuseppePaternòachievedthedreamofalifetime:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paternò'sgraduationhasinspirednewscoveragearoundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasmainlydrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment,athemethathasencouragedasmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefacesextraordinaryuncertaintyduringthecoronaviruspandemic.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildrenina“verypoorfamily,”Mr.Paternòbeganworkingsoonafterfinishingelementaryschool.“Thefamilywaslarge,therewasonlyonepaycheck,wewereunderfascism,andtimesweretough,”hesaid.Eventually,heendedupatapublishinghousewhereanenlightenedbosspersuadedhisfathertosendhimbacktoschoolforathree-yearvocationaldegree.Mr.Paternòthenworkedforaninsuranceagencywhilehetookprivateclassestobecomeatelegraphoperator.HeusedskillsfromtheoperatorjobwhenhewasdraftedintothenavyinWorldWarII.ThejobalsoopeneddoorstotheStateRailwaysCompany,whereheworkedformorethanfourdecades.Itwasonlyafterheretired,inthemid-1980s,thathereturnedtohisbooks,takingtheologycoursesthroughtheArchdioceseofPalermoafterachancemeetingwithaphilosophyprofessorwhourgedhimtofollowhislove.Mr.Paterno'sson,NinniPaternò,saidthatthefamilyhadnotexpectedalltheattention.“It'sunbelievable!”thevoungerPaternòsaidofhisfather.“Heachievedhisgoal,buthedidn'tmeantobefamousinnewspapersaroundtheworld.”UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternòwillcontinuehisstudiesonwaster'scourse.Butheisn'tsosure.“Ihavetoadmitthatinthismoment,Idon'tknowwhetherIwoulddoitwiththesamespirit,”hesaidonWednesday.Still,Mr.Paternòsaidhewouldprobablycontinueanyway.4.What'sthemainreasonfortheworldtoreportMr.Paternò'sgraduation?A.Hisexperienceshowsthespiritofcommitment.B.Mr.Paternòachievedhisdreamatanoldage.C.Hisgraduationceremonywasduringthecoronaviruspandemic.D.Hisachievementisextraordinary.5.Whatdoestheunderlineword“thisjob”inparagraph4referto?A.Workingforaninsurancecompany.B.SeveringinthenavyinWorldWarII.C.Atelegraphoperator.D.ThejobintheStateRailwayCompany.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Paternò'sson'swords?A.ThefamilyhadnotagreedMr.Paternò'sdecision.B.Mr.Paternòdidn'twanttogaintheworld'sattention.C.Mr.Paternòsufferedalottoachievehisgoal.D.Mr.Paternò'sachievementisnotworthmentioning.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.It'snevertoolatetoachieveadream. B.Nopains,nogains.C.Youngatheart. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文，這篇文章講解并描述的是一位意大利爺爺96歲高校畢業(yè)追尋幻想的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Buthehasmainlydrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment（但他之所以受到關(guān)注，主要是因?yàn)樗娜松适轮v解并描述了承諾）”可知，他的事跡被全世界報(bào)道的主要緣由是他的人生故事體現(xiàn)了承諾精神，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)原文第四段中“Mr.Paternòthenworkedforaninsuranceagencywhilehetookprivateclassestobecomeatelegraphoperator.HeusedskillsfromtheoperatorjobwhenhewasdraftedintothenavyinWorldWarII.（先生。帕特諾隨后在一家保險(xiǎn)公司工作，同時(shí)參與私人課程，成為一名電報(bào)員。其次次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)，他應(yīng)征加入海軍時(shí)，運(yùn)用了操作員的技能。）”可知，thisjob指代的是theoperatorjob（電報(bào)員工作）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)原文“Heachievedhisgoal,buthedidn'tmeantobefamousinnewspapersaroundtheworld（他實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo)，但他并不想在世界各地的報(bào)紙上出名）”可知，他并不想受到全世界的關(guān)注，故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理推斷題。這篇文章講解并描述的是一位老人在96歲高齡時(shí)高校畢業(yè)追尋幻想的故事，他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以說(shuō)明追逐幻想恒久不會(huì)晚，故選A項(xiàng)。CWerecognizeourfriends’faces.Andwe’renotalone.Manysocialanimalscanidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbyfeaturesoftheirfaces.That'simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletochangetheirbehaviordependingonwhotheymeet.Andarecentresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,anddomesticated(家養(yǎng)的)animalscaneventelldifferentfacesapartbylookingatphotographsalone.EthologistLéaLansadeoftheFrenchNationalResearchInstituteforAgriculture,FoodandEnvironmentdidanexperimenttofindouthowwellhorsescanrecognizeindividualpeopleinphotographs.Sheandherteamfirsttaughtthehorseshowto“choose”betweentwoside-by-sidepicturesbytouchingtheirnosestoacomputerscreen.Thehorseswerethenshownphotosoftheirpresentkeeperalongsidefacesofunfamiliarhumans.Theyhadneverseenphotosofanyofthepeoplebefore.Thehorsescorrectlyidentifiedtheircurrentkeeperandignored(忽視)thestranger’sfaceabout75%ofthetime.Infact,eventhoughthehorsesdidn'tgetitrighteverysingletime,theywereatleastascorrectinpickingouttheirearlierkeeperastheywereatidentifyingtheirpresentone.Theresultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdifferentiatebetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,theyalsonaturallyunderstandthatphotographsaretwodimensionalrepresentations(二維呈現(xiàn))ofreallife,withoutanyotherintimationssuchassmellorsound.Andthey’reevenbetteratthisthanouroldestanimalparter,thedomesticdog.Inaddition,horsesseemtohaveastronglong-termmemoryforhumanfaces,liketheirlonglifespanandhistoryofdomestication.Infutureexperiments,theresearcherswouldliketotestwhetherlookingatphotosofpeoplethattheyhavehadbadexperienceswithinthepastmightcausehorsestoactanxiousorevenavoidance.Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganythingthatmightgiveahorsealongface.8.Whydidresearchersshowthehorsesboththekeeper’sphotosandthestrangers’?A.Tofindoutwhathorseswoulddointheexperiment.B.Toseewhyhorsescouldrecognizethekeeperinthepictures.C.Totestwhetherhorsescouldrecognizethestrangersinpictures.DTostudytowhatdegreehorsescanmakeoutdifferentpeopleinpictures.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimations”inparagraph4referto?A.Clues. B.Differences.C.Photographs. D.Senses.10.Whatareresearchersstilluncertainabout?A.Whetherhorsescanlivelongerthanotheranimals.B.Whetherhorsescanrememberhuman'sfacesforalongtime.C.Whetherhorsescanshowtheiremotionsatthesightofphotos.D.Whetherhorsesarebetteratrecognizingphotosthanotheranimals.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Totalkaboutanimals’species.B.Toexplainanimals’facialfeatures.C.Toshowanimals’behaviourforadaptation.D.Tointroduceanimals’abilitytoidentifyingfaces.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以馬為例做了面孔識(shí)別實(shí)力試驗(yàn)，主要探究動(dòng)物能否像人類一樣“識(shí)別”人臉。【8題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Thehorsescorrectlyidentifiedtheircurrentkeeperandignored(忽視)thestranger’sfaceabout75%ofthetime.(在75%的狀況下，這些馬能正確識(shí)別出它們現(xiàn)在的主子，并忽視生疏人的臉)”可知，科學(xué)家通過(guò)這種方式來(lái)驗(yàn)證馬能否識(shí)別熟臉。由此可知，探討人員給馬看飼養(yǎng)員和生疏人的照片是為了探討馬能在多大程度上辨別出照片中的不同人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第四段“Theresultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdifferentiatebetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,theyalsonaturallyunderstandthatphotographsaretwodimensionalrepresentationsofreallife,withoutanyotherintimationssuchassmellorsound.(結(jié)果表明，馬不僅能區(qū)分熟識(shí)和不熟識(shí)的人臉，它們還能很自然地理解照片是真實(shí)生活的二維表征，沒(méi)有任何其他intimations，如氣味或聲音)”可知，馬僅僅通過(guò)臉相，而不是氣味、聲音等“線索、依據(jù)”來(lái)識(shí)別。由此推知，劃線詞intimations與clues意思接近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段倒數(shù)其次句“Infutureexperiments,theresearcherswouldliketotestwhetherlookingatphotosofpeoplethattheyhavehadbadexperienceswithinthepastmightcausehorsestoactanxiousorevenavoidance.(在將來(lái)的試驗(yàn)中，探討人員想測(cè)試一下，看過(guò)去有過(guò)不好經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人的照片是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致馬表現(xiàn)出焦慮甚至回避)”可推知，馬是否能表達(dá)感情，探討者還不確定。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Werecognizeourfriends’faces.Andwe’renotalone.Manysocialanimalscanidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbyfeaturesoftheirfaces.That'simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletochangetheirbehaviordependingonwhotheymeet.Andarecentresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,anddomesticated(家養(yǎng)的)animalscaneventelldifferentfacesapartbylookingatphotographsalone.(我們識(shí)別得了摯友的臉。但并不是只有我們（人類）可以做到。很多群居動(dòng)物可以通過(guò)面部特征來(lái)識(shí)別同類。這很重要，因?yàn)樗麄冺氁軌蛞罁?jù)他們遇到的人變更他們的行為。最近的一項(xiàng)探討表明，一些種類的猴子、鳥(niǎo)類和家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物甚至可以通過(guò)單獨(dú)看照片來(lái)區(qū)分不同的面孔)”可知，有一些動(dòng)物可以識(shí)別不同的面孔，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容描寫馬的面孔識(shí)別試驗(yàn)可知，本文主要是介紹動(dòng)物識(shí)別面孔的實(shí)力。故選D項(xiàng)。DThrowingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.Youmaythinksupermarketsarethemaincontributorstothismountainoffood.Afterall,theydothrewawayfoodthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosellvegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They'vealsobeencriticized(指責(zé))forencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotions(促銷)suchas“buyonegetonefree”.Butthebiggestresponsiblepersonforcreatingfoodwasteisus.InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromfamiles,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.Soinsteadoffillingourstomachs,ourfoodisfillinguplandfillsites.Unfortunatelythiscausesgreenhousegaseswhichfinallyleadstoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtostopthisproblem.ShemovedfromRussiamanyyearsagoandwasamazedtoseesomuchfoodinthesupermarkets.Buttohersurprise，shefoundthatpeoplewerebuyingmorethantheyneededandthrowingtoomuchaway.Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinlargeamountsothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftovers(剩菜)cookbookandshe'snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.Thishashelpedreduceby25%infoodwaste,whichshowsthatsomethingcanbedone.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingcart,andwhenwe'reathomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingthemwithourfriendsandneighbours.12.What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopicthatwillbediscussed.B.Togettheanswertohowmuchfoodyoubuyeachweek.C.Toshowpeoplearefondofgoingshoppingwhichwastemuchfood.D.Tomakeagoodrelationwiththereaders.13.Whenfacingmanypeoplegoinghungry,theauthorfeelsshockedbecause_______.A.thereisnoenoughfoodforthewholeworld.B.alargeamountoffoodiswastedintheworld.C.supermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.D.greenhousegasesleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.14.SelinaJuulisawoman_______.A.whocaresabouttheenvironmentverymuchB.whotalkedsomesupermarketsintostoppingsellingtheiritemstopeopleC.whosetupaschooltoeducatepeoplenottowastefoodD.whotriedtosharehergoodexperiencefromdealingwithleftovers15.Whatcanbethetitleofthetext?AMakinggooduseofleftovers.B.Savethefood,stopthehunger.C.Don'tbuytoomuchfoodinthesupermarkets.D.Weneedtothinktwicewhenwegoshopping.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述造成很多人挨餓的緣由——大量食物被奢侈，因此提到了一些解決問(wèn)題的方法：購(gòu)買所需量的食物，合理利用剩余飯菜。

【12題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，丟棄不須要的食物已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。當(dāng)我們中的一些人這樣做的時(shí)候，世界上其他地方的人卻缺少食物。一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)是，世界上每年有三分之一的糧食被奢侈，而實(shí)際數(shù)字是13億噸糧食，足以養(yǎng)活10億饑餓人口。)”可知文章的主題是關(guān)于食物奢侈以及帶來(lái)的不良后果，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容對(duì)食物奢侈的探討可知作者第一段的目的是引出將要探討的話題，故選A項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)是，世界上每年有三分之一的糧食被奢侈，而實(shí)際數(shù)字是13億噸糧食，足以養(yǎng)活10億饑餓人口。)”可知當(dāng)作者面對(duì)如此多人遭遇饑餓，感到震驚的是世界上有大量的食物被奢侈。故選B項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段“Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinlargeamountsothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftovers(剩菜)cookbookandshe'snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.Thishashelpedreduceby25%infoodwaste,whichshowsthatsomethingcanbedone.(她勸服一些超市停止大量銷售他們的商品，以便人們只買他們須要的東西。她制作了一本剩菜烹飪書(shū)，現(xiàn)在她在學(xué)校里設(shè)立了一個(gè)教化項(xiàng)目。這有助于削減25%的食物奢侈，這表明可以實(shí)行一些措施。)”可知SelinaJuul試圖共享她處理剩菜的好閱歷。故選D項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】標(biāo)題推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，丟棄不須要的食物已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。當(dāng)我們中的一些人這樣做的時(shí)候，世界上其他地方的人卻缺乏食物。一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)是，世界上每年有三分之一的糧食被奢侈，而實(shí)際數(shù)字是13億噸糧食，足以養(yǎng)活10億饑餓人口。)”可知文章的主題是關(guān)于食物奢侈以及帶來(lái)的不良后果，因此提出了一些解決問(wèn)題的方法：購(gòu)買所需量的食物，合理利用剩余飯菜。所以B項(xiàng)“節(jié)約糧食，制止饑餓?！狈衔恼轮黝}，適合作為本文的標(biāo)題，故選B項(xiàng)。

其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhenapplyingforAmericanuniversitiesmanystudentsbelievethatpublicuniversitiesaremoreformalthanprivateones.FamousAmericanIvyLeague(常春藤)colleges,however,areallprivate,whileothertopinstitutionsarepublic.____16________17____Thisisoneoftheirbiggestdifferences.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbythestatethroughtaxationwhileprivateuniversitiesarefundedbydonations.Tuitionfees(學(xué)費(fèi))ofprivateuniversitiesareusuallymuchhigherincomparison.DifferentstudentpoolsToensuretheeducationofstudentsinthestate,publicuniversitiesmainlyincludelocalpeoplewhoenjoydiscountedtuitionfeesforstudyingintheirhomestate.____18____Thisispartlybecausemanylocalstudentscannotaffordhightuitionfees.Differentschoolscales(規(guī)模)____19____Theywillalsohavelargerclasssize.Butprivatecollegesarenotaslargeandhavesmallerclasssizestoshowitsstrength.SchoolestablishmenthistoryPrivateuniversitiesenjoyalongerhistorythanpublicones.____20____Butitwasn'tuntilthemid-19thcenturythatsomefirst-classpublicuniversitiesappeared,suchastheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Studentsneedtoconsidercompletelywhichoneissuitablefortheminvariousaspectssuchasteachingqualityandsocialactivities.A.Differentsourcesoffunding.B.Differentamountoftuitionfees.C.Butwhichoneisbetterbetweentheprivateonesandpublicones?D.Sowhatarethedifferencesbetweenthesetwotypesofuniversities?E.Mostpublicuniversitieshavebiggercampusesandlargerstudentbodies.F.Privateuniversities,however,haveahigherpercentageofinternationalstudents.G.PrincetonUniversity,oneoftheoldestIvyLeagueschools,forexample,wasfoundedin1746.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.E20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述了美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校的區(qū)分。【16題詳解】由本段首句“WhenapplyingforAmericanuniversities,manystudentsbelievethatpublicuniversitiesaremoreformalthanprivateones.”（在申請(qǐng)美國(guó)高校時(shí)，很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為公立高校比私立高校更正規(guī)。）和下文每段小標(biāo)題“Differentstudentpools”（不同的學(xué)生資源），“Differentschoolscales”（不同的學(xué)校規(guī)模）及“Schoolestablishmenthistory”（建校史）可知，下文在講美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校的區(qū)分，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)引出“美國(guó)公私高校的區(qū)分”這個(gè)話題，承接上下文，D選項(xiàng)“那么這兩種類型的高校有什么區(qū)分呢？”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】此處選擇小標(biāo)題，要對(duì)其次段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。由其次段“Thisisoneoftheirbiggestdifferences.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbythestatethroughtaxationwhileprivateuniversitiesarefundedbydonations.Tuitionfees(學(xué)費(fèi))ofprivateuniversitiesareusuallymuchhigherincomparison.”（這是它們最大的區(qū)分之一。公立高校由國(guó)家通過(guò)稅收資助，而私立高校則由捐贈(zèng)資助。相比之下，私立高校的學(xué)費(fèi)通常要高得多。）可知，其次段講了美國(guó)公立高校的資金來(lái)源于稅收，私立高校的資金來(lái)源于捐贈(zèng)，說(shuō)明美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校的資金來(lái)源不同，承接下文，A選項(xiàng)“不同的資金來(lái)源?！鼻蓄}。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由小標(biāo)題“Differentstudentpools”（不同的學(xué)生資源）和上一句“Toensuretheeducationofstudentsinthestate,publicuniversitiesmainlyincludelocalpeoplewhoenjoydiscountedtuitionfeesforstudyingintheirhomestate.”（為了保證學(xué)生在本州的教化，公立高校主要包括在本州學(xué)習(xí)享受折扣學(xué)費(fèi)的當(dāng)?shù)厝恕＃┛芍?，本段主要講美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校的學(xué)生來(lái)源不同，已經(jīng)講了公立高校的學(xué)生來(lái)源于當(dāng)?shù)厝?，那么此處?yīng)當(dāng)講私立高校的學(xué)生來(lái)源，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“然而，私立高校的國(guó)際學(xué)生比例更高?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由小標(biāo)題“Differentschoolscales”（不同的學(xué)校規(guī)模）和本段尾句“Butprivatecollegesarenotaslargeandhavesmallerclasssizestoshowitsstrength.”（但私立高校規(guī)模不大，班級(jí)規(guī)模較小，以顯示其實(shí)力。）可知，本段主要講美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校的規(guī)模不同，已經(jīng)講了有關(guān)私立高校規(guī)模的相關(guān)狀況，那么此處應(yīng)當(dāng)講公立高校的規(guī)模是怎么樣的，承接上下文，E選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)公立高校有更大的校內(nèi)和更大的學(xué)生群體?！鼻蓄}。故選E項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】由小標(biāo)題“Schoolestablishmenthistory”（建校史）和上一句“Privateuniversitiesenjoyalongerhistorythanpublicones.”（私立高校的歷史比公立高校長(zhǎng)。）可知，本段主要講美國(guó)公立高校和私立高校不同的建校史，上文講私立高校的歷史比公立高校長(zhǎng)，可得出作者在此處會(huì)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步舉例說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明為什么私立高校建校歷史更悠久，只有G項(xiàng)符合建校史的內(nèi)容，承接上文，G選項(xiàng)“例如，普林斯頓高校是歷史最悠久的常春藤盟校之一，成立于1746年?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Onceuponatime,averystrongwoodcutter___21___forajobinawoodmerchantandhegotit.Thepaywasreallygoodandsowasthe___22___condition.Forthosereasonsthewoodcutterwas___23___todohisbest.Hisbossgavehimanaxeandshowedhimtheareawherehewassupposedtowork.Thefirstdaythewoodcutterbrought18trees,whichheallhad___24___himself.“Congratulations!”thebosssaid,“Goonthatway!”Deeply___25___bytheboss'swordsthewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday.buthecouldonlybring15trees.Thethirddayhetriedeven___26___,buthecouldonlybring10trees.Dayafterdayhewasbringinglessandlesstrees.“Imustbelosingmy___27___,”thewoodcutterthought.Hewenttothebossandsaid___28___,addingthathecouldnotunderstandwhatwasgoingon.“Whenwasthelasttimeyou___29___youraxe?”thebossasked.“Ihadnotimetodothat,becauseIhavebeenverybusytryingtocuttrees…”answeredthewoodcutter.Our___30___arelikethat.Wesometimesgetsobusythatwedon't___31___timetosharpenthe“axe”inlife.Itseemsthateveryoneisbusierthanever,butless___32___thanever.Whyisthat?Coulditbethatwehaveforgottenhowto___33___“sharp”?There'snothingwrongwithactivityandhardwork.Butweallneedtosparesometimetorelax,tothinkandmeditate.tolearnand___34___.Ifwedon'ttakethetimetosharpenthe“axe”,wewillbecomedullandloseour___35___.21.A.called B.paid C.hunted D.waited22.A.health B.work C.nature D.environment23.A.determined B.attracted C.adapted D.supposed24.A.putaway B.cutdown C.broughtback D.cutup25.A.surprised B.frightened C.inspired D.puzzled26.A.stronger B.faster C.cleverer D.harder27.A.heart B.strength C.way D.function28.A.thanks B.goodbye C.sorry D.nothing29.A.repaired B.sharpened C.cleaned D.used30.A.lives B.dreams C.hobbies D.jobs31.A.waste B.take C.make D.kill32.A.positive B.anxious C.Active D.happy33.A.look B.feel C.stay D.turn34.A.grow B.perform C.compete D.apply35.A.interest B.activeness C.attractiveness D.effectiveness【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講解并描述了勤奮的年輕人因忽視磨斧的重要性，日復(fù)一日機(jī)械地工作，導(dǎo)致效率漸低的故事。它告知我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪谢〞r(shí)間去“磨斧”，生活才能夠高效有質(zhì)量地前進(jìn)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從前，一個(gè)特別強(qiáng)壯的樵夫在一家木材商那里想要找份工作，他得到了這份工作。A.called打電話；B.paid支付；C.hunted找尋，狩獵；D.waited等待。結(jié)合后文“forajobinawoodmerchantandhegotit”指樵夫想要在木材商人那里找份工作，huntfor“找尋”。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：工資特別高，工作條件也很好。A.health健康；B.work工作；C.nature自然；D.environment環(huán)境。結(jié)合上文“Thepaywasreallygoodandsowasthe”可知本句是在描述這份工作的工資待遇和工作條件。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：出于這些緣由，樵夫確定盡他最大的努力工作。A.determined確定；B.attracted吸引；C.adapted適應(yīng)；D.supposed認(rèn)為。依據(jù)后文“todohisbest”可推斷，因?yàn)檫@份工資各方面條件不錯(cuò)，所以樵夫確定好好工作。bedeterminedtodosth.“決心做某事”。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：第一天，樵夫帶來(lái)了18棵樹(shù)，都是他自己砍倒的。A.putaway放好；B.cutdown砍倒；C.broughtback帶回來(lái)；D.cutup切碎。結(jié)合上文“thewoodcutterbrought18trees”指砍倒了18棵樹(shù)，應(yīng)用cutdown。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：被老板的話深深打動(dòng)了的樵夫，其次天更加努力了，但他只帶回了15棵樹(shù)。A.surprised驚異的；B.frightened膽怯 的；C.inspired鼓舞人心的；D.puzzled困惑的。結(jié)合上文““Congratulations!”thebosssaid,“Goonthatway!””以及后文“thewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday”可知老板的話鼓舞了樵夫，他其次更加努力了。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：第三天，他更努力了，但他只能帶回10棵樹(shù)。A.stronger更強(qiáng)的；B.faster更快的；C.cleverer更聰慧的；D.harder更努力的。對(duì)應(yīng)上文“thewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday”指樵夫第三天比之前更加努力砍樹(shù)。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：樵夫想：“我肯定是體力不行了?！盇.heart心；B.strength體力，力氣；C.way方法；D.function功能。結(jié)合上文“Dayafterdayhewasbringinglessandlesstrees.”可知樵夫砍的樹(shù)越來(lái)越少，因此這種狀況下他揣測(cè)是不是自己體力不行了，其他選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他去找老板說(shuō)對(duì)不起，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他不明白是怎么回事。A.thanks感謝；B.goodbye再見(jiàn)；C.sorry對(duì)不起；D.nothing沒(méi)有什么。結(jié)合上文“Hewenttothebossandsaid”可知砍樹(shù)越來(lái)越少的樵夫去找老板說(shuō)對(duì)不起。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你上次磨斧頭是什么時(shí)候？”老板問(wèn)。A.repaired修理；B.sharpened銳化，磨快；C.cleaned清理；D.used運(yùn)用。此次對(duì)應(yīng)后文中“sharpenthe“axe””指磨斧頭，應(yīng)用sharpen。故選B。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的生活也是這樣。A.lives生活；B.dreams幻想；C.hobbies愛(ài)好；D.jobs工作。依據(jù)后文“tosharpenthe“axe”inlife”可知將故事與生活相比，道理是一樣的。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候我們太忙了，以至于沒(méi)有花時(shí)間去磨生活的“斧頭”。A.waste奢侈；B.take帶走，花費(fèi)；C.make制作；D.kill殺死。依據(jù)后文“timetosharpenthe“axe”inlife”指花時(shí)間做某事，短語(yǔ)為taketimetodosth.。故選B。32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：好像每個(gè)人都比以前更忙，但卻沒(méi)有以前歡樂(lè)。A.positive主動(dòng)的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.active活躍的；D.happy歡樂(lè)的。結(jié)合上文“Itseemsthateveryoneisbusierthanever