2024年全國(guó)教師招聘之小學(xué)教師招聘考試歷年考試題（詳細(xì)參考解析）

姓名:_________________編號(hào):_________________地區(qū):_________________省市:_________________ 密封線(xiàn) 姓名:_________________編號(hào):_________________地區(qū):_________________省市:_________________ 密封線(xiàn) 密封線(xiàn) 全國(guó)教師招聘考試重點(diǎn)試題精編注意事項(xiàng):1.全卷采用機(jī)器閱卷，請(qǐng)考生注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范；考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。2.在作答前，考生請(qǐng)將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、班級(jí)、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)涂寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡規(guī)定位置。

3.部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題部分必須使用黑色簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字體工整，筆跡清楚。

4.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)在答題卡上與題目對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)規(guī)范作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效:在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。一、選擇題

1、德育過(guò)程是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生知，情，意，行的過(guò)程。貫徹該德育規(guī)律的要求不包括_____。A.注重全面性B.注重多端性C.注重均衡性D.注重針對(duì)性

2、“知子莫如父，知子莫如母”，說(shuō)明家庭教育比學(xué)校教育更具有（）。A.先導(dǎo)性B.感染性C.權(quán)威性D.針對(duì)性

3、特定團(tuán)體的相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)決定最終成績(jī)的測(cè)驗(yàn)是（）。A.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照測(cè)驗(yàn)B.常模參照測(cè)驗(yàn)C.描述性測(cè)驗(yàn)D.團(tuán)體測(cè)驗(yàn)

4、下列哪種音程不在我國(guó)的五聲調(diào)式中？（）A.小二度B.大二度C.小三度D.大三度

5、元認(rèn)知監(jiān)控的特征是（）A.設(shè)置學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)B.預(yù)計(jì)結(jié)果C.修正目標(biāo)D.檢測(cè)認(rèn)知過(guò)程

6、“性格決定命運(yùn)”突出了人格的（）A.獨(dú)特性B.社會(huì)性C.穩(wěn)定性D.功能性

7、OnNovember19,1863,AbrahamLincolnwenttoGettysburginPennsylvaniatospeakattheNationalSoldiersCemetery.TheCivilWarwasstillgoingon.TherewasmuchcriticismofPresidentLincolnatthetime.Hewasnotatallpopular.HehadbeeninvitedtospeakatGettysburgonlyoutofpoliteness.TheprincipalspeakerwastobeEdwardEverett,afamousstatesmanandspeakeroftheday.Everettwasahandsomemanandverypopulareverywhere.ItissaidthatLincolnpreparedhisspeechonthetrainwhilegoingtoGettysburg.Latethatnight,aloneinhishotelroomandtiredout,heagainworkedbrieflyonthespeech.ThenextdayEverettspokefirst.Hespokeforanhourand57minutes.Hisspeechwasaperfectexampleoftherichoratoryoftheday.ThenLincolnrose.Thecrowdof15,000peopleatfirstpaidlittleattentiontohim.Hespokeforonlynineminutes.Attheendtherewaslittleapplause.Lincolnturnedtoafriendandremarked,"Ihavefailedagain."OnthetrainbacktoWashington,hesaidsadly,"Thatspeechwasaflatfailure,andthepeoplearedisappointed."Somenewspapersatfirstcriticizedthespeech.Butlittlebylittleaspeoplereadthespeechtheybegantounderstandbetter.Theybegantoappreciateitssimplicityanditsdeepmeaning.ItwasaspeechwhichonlyAbrahamLincolncouldhavemade.Today,everyAmericanschoolchildlearnsLincoln′sGettysburgAddressbyheart.NoweveryonethinksofitasoneofthegreatestspeechesevergiveninAmericanhistory.LincolnwasinvitedtospeakattheNationalSoldiersCemeterybecausehewas___________.A.afamousspeakerB.averyhandsomemanC.PresidentofthecountryD.apopularstatesman

8、《走絳州》是久經(jīng)傳唱的勞動(dòng)號(hào)子，是出自下面哪個(gè)地區(qū)（）。A.黑龍江B.山西C.山東D.湖南

9、下列不屬于智力技能特點(diǎn)的一項(xiàng)是（）。A.動(dòng)作對(duì)象的觀(guān)念性B.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行的內(nèi)潛性C.動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)縮性D.動(dòng)作結(jié)果的意識(shí)性

10、小明在擇業(yè)時(shí)面臨多重選擇，這種沖突屬于（）A.雙趨沖突B.雙避沖突C.趨避沖突D.多重趨避沖突

11、面對(duì)抉擇時(shí)，善于明辨事非，抓住有利時(shí)機(jī)，迅速采取有效措施，這體現(xiàn)意志品質(zhì)的（）A.堅(jiān)定性B.果斷性C.獨(dú)立性D.自制性

12、2015年3月24日，中共中央政治局審議通過(guò)廣東、天津、福建自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)總體方案，進(jìn)一步深化上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革試驗(yàn)方案。其中主要發(fā)展對(duì)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)和東盟貿(mào)易的自貿(mào)區(qū)是()。A.福建B.上海C.天津D.廣東

13、馬蒂斯是野獸主義的主將……（）的作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的表現(xiàn)力。A.純色B.幾何形體C.空間D.光影

14、創(chuàng)建世界上第一個(gè)心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的心理學(xué)家是（）A.杜威B.馮特C.詹姆士D.華生

15、2013年6月20日上午，“神舟十號(hào)”航天員王亞平在“天宮一號(hào)’’成功地開(kāi)展了中國(guó)首次（）。A.太空科研B.太空會(huì)議C.太空授課D.太空行走

16、依次填入下面一段文字橫線(xiàn)處的語(yǔ)句，銜接最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是（）。作為普通人，如何讀經(jīng)典?我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，_________________，事實(shí)上，許多心智活潑的人也正是把這當(dāng)作最好的消遣的。①千萬(wàn)不要端起做學(xué)問(wèn)的架子，刻意求解②這里有一個(gè)浸染和熏陶的過(guò)程，所謂人文修養(yǎng)就是這樣熏染出來(lái)的③也就是說(shuō)，閱讀的心態(tài)和方式都應(yīng)該是輕松的④在不實(shí)用而有趣這一點(diǎn)上，讀經(jīng)典的確很像是一種消遣⑤讀不懂不要硬讀，先讀那些讀得懂的、能夠引起自己興趣的著作和章節(jié)⑥無(wú)論《論語(yǔ)》還是《圣經(jīng)》，無(wú)論柏拉圖還是康德，不妨就當(dāng)作閑書(shū)來(lái)讀A.⑥②①⑤④③B.①⑥②⑤③④C.⑥③①⑤②④D.①⑥④⑤②③

17、下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是（）A.動(dòng)機(jī)水平與行為效率呈U型曲線(xiàn)B.“耶克斯—多德森定律”表明，動(dòng)機(jī)不足或過(guò)分強(qiáng)烈都會(huì)影響學(xué)習(xí)效率C.在比較容易的任務(wù)中，工作效率隨動(dòng)機(jī)的提高而上升；隨著任務(wù)難度的增加，動(dòng)機(jī)的最佳水平有逐漸下降的趨勢(shì)D.最佳水平為中等強(qiáng)度的動(dòng)機(jī)

18、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題Iwasoutformyusualmorningrunandfoundmyselfstumblingthroughthelate-summerheat,wishingI11awaterbottle.Istoppedunderabridgeforamomentof12,Isawtwoyoung,scruffymenstandingnexttotheirsleepingbags.Onesmiledandgently13hishandasifmotioning"hello"butdidn′tsayaword.Hewash′taskingforanything.I14andmadethesamemotionbacktohim.AsIstartedbackonmyrun,Ithoughtabouthowmuchweall15connection.Inthatmoment,thishomelessmanseemedtowanttoconnect16hewantedfoodormoney.Wehaveallhad17offeelingseparatedandlonely.Ihavefeltlonelybeinginarelationshipthatwasvoidof18connection.Feelingseparationdoesn′t19anythingtodowithbeingalonevs.beingwithpeople--itisaboutthehumandesiretofeelconnectedbybeingseenand20byanotherperson.Ifyour21istospendtimealone,practicesayingyestoinvitations.Practicemovingtowardsratherthanawayfrompeople.Weallbenefitfromconnection.Thathomelessmanimpactedmyday.After22him,Ifeltmoregrateful--appreciatingallthatIhave.Hetriggeredmy23--Ifoundmyselffeelingempathyforhim.Ihadthechoicetomovetowardsseparationorconnection.WeretheremanywaysinwhichheandIareverydifferent24!Aretheremanywaysinwhichwearealike!Absolutely!Icanreflectontimesinmylifethatlikehim,IwasinasituationIhadnever25,timesthatIfeltbroke,timesthatIfeltatalowpoint.Andashemayhavebeenfeelingthismorning,timeswhenIneededsomeonetostopand26me.Wealwayshaveachoice27whetherwemovetowardsseparationorconnection.Separationislookingatthehomelessperson28focusingon29unkempthelooks,andcriticizingwhyhehasa7-11Slurpeecupifheisoutofmoney.Connectionisacknowledgingthatheimpactedmydaybyreachingouttome.PayattentiontodayandnoticewhetheryoutenA.forwhichB.thatC.whyD.how

19、我國(guó)的教育專(zhuān)著《學(xué)記》中提出“時(shí)教必有正業(yè)，退息必有居學(xué)”的（）相結(jié)合的教育思想。A.游戲與學(xué)習(xí)B.課內(nèi)與課外C.學(xué)習(xí)與思考D.學(xué)習(xí)與行動(dòng)

20、Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritieslines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelsorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmerican’seconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal一pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago’sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—buttheairlinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactmaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheUSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:En?rollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimefoA.LessScreeningforMoreSafetyB.PreCheck—ABelatedSolutionC.GettingStuckinSecurityLinesD.UnderusedPreCheckLanes

21、下列成語(yǔ)在句中使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（??）。A.中國(guó)足球在全民期盼中前進(jìn)，但是要達(dá)到不可一世的階段還是需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間B.古時(shí)讀書(shū)人多是文武全才，馳騁沙場(chǎng)能英勇殺敵，撰作詩(shī)文則倚馬可待，足為我們典范C.當(dāng)年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，死于二戰(zhàn)的人不計(jì)其數(shù)，但是還有很多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人殫精竭慮地提倡和平原則D.石景山區(qū)開(kāi)辦了北京第一家打工子弟學(xué)校，招收126名新生，但這對(duì)8萬(wàn)多名打工子弟來(lái)說(shuō)，實(shí)在是不足掛齒

22、把人看成一個(gè)信息加工者，一個(gè)具有豐富的內(nèi)在資源，并能利用這些資源與周?chē)h(huán)境發(fā)生相互作用的、積極的有機(jī)體的心理學(xué)觀(guān)點(diǎn)是（）A.行為主義觀(guān)點(diǎn)B.生物學(xué)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)C.現(xiàn)象學(xué)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)D.認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)

23、（）是教育心理學(xué)的主要研究對(duì)象。A.教師B.教學(xué)過(guò)程C.教學(xué)內(nèi)容D.學(xué)生

24、教師在激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)要對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成果提供及時(shí)的反饋，這種途徑的理論基礎(chǔ)是（）A.需要層次理論B.強(qiáng)化理論C.自我效能感理論D.成就動(dòng)機(jī)理論

25、最早提出“學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程是學(xué)一思一行”過(guò)程的教育家是（）。A.孔子B.孟子C.荀子D.墨子

26、反映古希臘著名哲學(xué)家柏拉圖教育思想的代表作品是（）。A.《教育論》B.《雄辯術(shù)原理》C.《理想國(guó)》D.《巨人傳》

27、課堂管理就是管理課堂中的（）。A.人際關(guān)系B.學(xué)生C.教師情緒D.突發(fā)事件

28、定義[a，b，c]為函數(shù)y=ax2+bc+c的特征數(shù)，下面給出特征數(shù)為[2m，1-m，-1-m]的函數(shù)的一些結(jié)論：①當(dāng)m=-3時(shí)，函數(shù)圖象的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是{1/3,-(8/3)}；②當(dāng)m>0時(shí)，函數(shù)圖象截石軸所得的線(xiàn)段長(zhǎng)度大于3/2；③當(dāng)m<0時(shí)，函數(shù)在x>1/4時(shí)，y隨x的增大而減?。虎墚?dāng)m≠0時(shí)，函數(shù)圖象經(jīng)過(guò)同一個(gè)點(diǎn)。其中正確的結(jié)論有()。A.②③④B.①②④C.③④D.②④

29、（）是西班牙畫(huà)家達(dá)利在1931年創(chuàng)作的。A.《內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的預(yù)感》B.《記憶的永恒》C.《藍(lán)色的上帝》D.《比利牛斯山之城》

30、教師注意力的特點(diǎn)集中表現(xiàn)在（）。A.注意集中能力B.注意穩(wěn)定能力C.注意轉(zhuǎn)移能力D.注意分配能力

31、《聊齋志異》是一部（）。A.長(zhǎng)篇章回小說(shuō)B.擬話(huà)本C.文言短篇小說(shuō)集D.白話(huà)短篇小說(shuō)集

32、Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.hadB.willhaveC.wouldhavehadD.havehad

33、下列句中加畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。A.對(duì)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理與程序員來(lái)說(shuō)，僅僅是作為一個(gè)服務(wù)人員出現(xiàn)，而不是參與者，當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)被緣化，當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)師的觀(guān)點(diǎn)被資本否定摒棄，那么產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量就很難保證。B.教師應(yīng)該是一個(gè)靈魂引導(dǎo)者的形象，要想真正樹(shù)立起教師的偉岸形象，就請(qǐng)一碗水端平，請(qǐng)把持住為人師的公正，面向全體學(xué)生，全面公正地看待每一個(gè)學(xué)生。C.從某種意義上講，美國(guó)大片或許也算是挖墻腳吧，美國(guó)的咸菜文化來(lái)挖中國(guó)精致文化的墻腳。古往今來(lái)，只要有墻，那就不缺乏挖墻腳的。D.國(guó)務(wù)院決定，三九企業(yè)集團(tuán)正式并入華潤(rùn)(集團(tuán))有限公司。至此，三九集團(tuán)重組終于花落誰(shuí)家，這為華潤(rùn)集團(tuán)借助三九集團(tuán)打造國(guó)內(nèi)最大的醫(yī)藥帝國(guó)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

34、海頓，莫扎特和貝多芬同屬于（）A.民族樂(lè)派B.古典樂(lè)派C.羅馬樂(lè)派D.浪漫樂(lè)派

35、In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That'safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong-andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas"likehavingalargebankaccount,"saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andTheCreationofAmerica．ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe"peculiarinstitution,"includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen'spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonexteA.HispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslaveryB.HisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslavesC.HisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplexD.Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige

36、下列詩(shī)人，名列“永嘉四靈”的是（）。A.尤袤B.翁卷C.戴復(fù)古D.周密

37、科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)教育的影響，首先表現(xiàn)為對(duì)教育的（）A.規(guī)范作用B.動(dòng)力作用C.引導(dǎo)作用D.爆發(fā)作用

38、“讓學(xué)校的每一面墻都開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)”“讓學(xué)校的一草一木、一磚一石都發(fā)揮教育影響”體現(xiàn)了何種德育方法（）。A.榜樣示范法B.說(shuō)服教育法C.陶冶教育法D.品德評(píng)價(jià)法

39、本次課程改革是（）年正式啟動(dòng)的。A.1998B.1999C.2000D.2001

40、()是國(guó)情教育的重要途徑。A.時(shí)事政策教育B.校會(huì)C.班會(huì)D.周會(huì)

41、下列關(guān)于不同時(shí)期教育發(fā)展特征的表述，正確的是（）。A.原始社會(huì)的教育具有階級(jí)性B.奴康社會(huì)的教育具有普及性C.封建社會(huì)的教育具有全民性D.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的教育具有生產(chǎn)性

42、根據(jù)下面資料，回答B(yǎng)umrateisthespeedatwhichastartupbusinessconsumesmoney.Myratewouldbe$50,000amonthwhenmynewmediacompanystarted.So,Ibeganlookingaroundforindividualswhowouldbemyfirstinvestors."Angelmoney"itwascalled.ButwhenIreviewedmylistofacquaintancestofindthosewhomightbeabletohelp,Ifoundthenumbergotsmall.Withnootherchoices,Ibeganmeetingwiththeventure-capitalcompanies.ButIwaswarnedtheytookahugeshareofyourcompanyforthemoneytheyputin.Andifyoustruggled,theycoulddropyoucold.AsIwassearchingfor"angelmoney",IstartedtobuildateamwhotrustedmeeventhoughIdidn′thavemoneyforpayingchecksyet.BillBeckerwasanexpertincomputerprogrammingandimageprocessingataveryfamousMediaLabatM.I.T.Withhisarrival,mycompanysuddenlyhadamajortechnology"guy"in-house.KatherineHenderson,afilmmakerandaformerreal-estatedealer,joinedusasourdirectorofmarketresearch.SteveWhitecameonasoperatingoffice.Hehadworkedforthedeveloperofahome-financesoftware,Quicken.Wegrabbedhim.Wehadsomereallygoodpeople,butwestilldidn′thaveenoughmoney.Onenight,myneighbor,LouiseJohnson,cameforavisit.SheandIwereonlynoddingacquaintances,butherboysandourswereconstantcompanions.Sheranaverygoodbusinessatthetime.Louisewasbrilliantandmissednothing.Shehadbeenwatchingmyprogressclosely.SheknewIwasdyingformoneyandIhadprospectsbutcouldoffernoguaranteesofsuccess.Shetoldmethatherattorneyhadtalkedtomineandthetermshadbeenagreedupon.Shehandedmeanenvelope.Insidewasacheckfor$500,000.Ialmostfelldown.Iheardhervoiceasiffromheaven."Ihaveconfidenceinyourplan,"shesaid."You′lldowell.You′regoingtoworkforit,butit′ssatisfyingwhenyoubuildyourowncompany."WhoA.themoneyborrowedfrombanksB.themoneyspenttopromotesalesC.themoneyraisedfromclosefriendsD.themoneyneededtostartabusiness

43、下列是《富春山居圖》的作者的舅舅的外孫的作品是（）。A.《葛稚川移居圖》B.《六君子圖》C.《秋郊飲馬圖》D.《洞庭漁隱圖》

44、提高兵兵球擊球成功率技術(shù)的要素是（）。A.判斷、移動(dòng)、擊球、還原、落點(diǎn)B.判斷、移動(dòng)、擊球、速度、力量C.準(zhǔn)確、速度、旋轉(zhuǎn)、力量、落點(diǎn)D.準(zhǔn)確、速度、旋轉(zhuǎn)、力量、移動(dòng)

45、第一個(gè)將巴甫洛夫的研究結(jié)果作為理論基礎(chǔ)的人是（）A.斯金納B.桑代克C.班杜拉D.華生

46、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題Oneofmychildrenisspinninginacircle,creatinganarrativeaboutaprincessasshetwirls.?Theotherisbuildingarocketshipoutofadiscardedbox,attachingpropellersmadeofcardboard?andjumpinginandoutofhermakeshiftlauncher.Itisasnowday,andI'vedecidedtoletthem?designtheirownactivitiesasIdeanupandprepareameal.Mytoddlerbecomesthespinning?princess,imagininghercharacter'sfeelingsandreactions.Whatseemslikeasimplestoryinvolves?sequencing,characterdevelopment,andempathyforthebraveprincessstuckinhertower.The?rocketshipmyfirstgraderisworkingonneedsapilotandsomeonetodevisethedimensionsand?scaleofitsframe;italsoneedsastorytogowithit.Sheswitchesbetweenrolesandperspectives,?betweenmodesofthinkingandtinkering.?Thiskindofexperientiallearning,inwhichchildrenacquireknowledgebydoingandvia?reflectionontheirexperiences,isfullofmovement,imagination,andself-directedplay.Yetsuch?learningisincreasinglyrareinearly-childhoodclassroomsintheU.S,wheremanyyoungchildren?spendtheirdayssittingattablesandcompletingworksheets.KindergartenandpreschoolintheU.S.?havebecomemoreandmoreacademic,rigorouslystructuringkids'time,emphasizingassessment,?drawingafirmlinebetween"work"and"play"--andrestrictingkids'physicalmovement.Astudy?fromtheUniversityofVirginiareleasedearlierthisyearfoundthat,comparedto1998,children?todayarespendingfarlesstimeonself-directedlearning--movingfreelyanddoingactivitiesthat?theythemselveschose--andmeasurablymoretimeinapassivelearningenvironment.?Withsofewyearsundertheirbelts,my3-and6-year-olddaughtersarestilllearningtoinhabit?theirbodies.Theyarelearninghowtomaneuverthemselvesphysically,howtoorientthemselvesin?space.AsVanessaDurand,apediatricianatSt.Christopher'sHospitalforChildreninPhiladelphia,?says,freedomofmovementisnecessaryforchildrentomeettheirdevelopmentalmilestones:?"Childrenlearnbyexperiencingtheirworldusingalloftheirsenses.Therestrictionofmovement,?especiallyatayoungage,impedestheexperientiallearningprocess."?Movementallowschildrentoconnectconceptstoactionandtolearnthroughtrialanderror."If?youwalkintoagoodkindergartenclass,everyoneismoving.Theteacherismoving.Thereare?structuredactivities,butgenerallyitisabout"purposefulmovement,"commentsNancy?Carlsson-Paige,aprofessoremeritaofearly-childhoodeducationatLesleyUniversityandtheauthor?ofTakingBackChildhood,describingtheidealclassroomsetup.Intheclassroomcultureshe?advocatesfor,"[Kids]aregettingmaterialsforanactivity,theyaregoingbackanddecidingwhat?elsetheyneedforwhattheywanttocreate,seeinghowtheshapeofablockinrelationtoanother?blockworks,whethertheyneedmore,doesitbalance,doesitneedtobehigher,isitsymmetrical.?Allofthesemathconceptsareunfoldingwhilekidsareactivelybuildingandmoving."?Researchhasshowntimeandagainthatchildrenneedopportunities-tomoveinclass.Memory?andmovementarelinked,andthebodyisatooloflearning,notaroadblocktooradetouraway?fromit.Anyparentwhohasbroughthomeakindergartenerafterschool,burstingwithuntapped?energyyetoftencarryinghomeworktocompleteafteraseven-hourday,canreasonablydeducewhy?childrentodayhavetroublekeepingstillintheirseats.Manychildrenaregetting20-minutebreaks,?ornoneatallOnFlorida,parentswhosechildrenhavenorecesshavebeencampaigningtolegislate?recessintothecurriculum.)Recess,nowamorefrequenttopicofresearchstudies,hasbeenfoundto?have"importanteducationalanddevelopmentalimplications."Schoolsthathavesoughttointegrate?moremovementandfreeplay,suchasshort15-minuterecessperiodsthroughouttheday,haveseen?gainsinstudentattentionspanandinstructionaltime.AsCarlsson-Paigepointsout,"Recessisnota?separatethinginearly-childhoodeducation."?BenMardell,aprofessorofearly-childhoodeducationatLesleyUniversityandtheproject?directorofthePedagogyofPlayinitiativeatHarvard'sProjectZeroobservesthatevenwhenadults?doincorporateplayintolearning,theyoftendosoinawaythatrestrictsfreemovementandagency.?"Theideathatthereshouldbeformalinstructionmakesitnolongerplay,"saysMardell.?"Inplay?theplayerischoosingtoparticipate,choosingagoal,anddirectingandformulatingtherules.When?thereisanadulttellingthekids,?'Thisiswhatwearesupposedtodo,'manyoftheimportant?developmentalbenefitsofplaygetlost."?Theroleofplayhasbeenestablishednotjustasapartoflearning,butasafoundationfor?healthysocialandemotionalfunction.TheNationalAssociationfortheEducationofYoung?Childrenhaspublishedwidelycirculatedpositionpapersontheneedfordevelopmentally?appropriateteachingpracticesandforreversingthe"unacceptabletrendsinkindergartenentryand?placement"thathavebeenpromptedlargelybypolicymakers'demandformorestringent?educationalstandardsandmoretesting.Someteachersareenactingchanges,seekingwaystobring?movementbackintotheclassroom.LaniRosen-Gallagher,aformerfirst-gradeteacherforNew?YorkCitypublicschoolsandnowachildren'syogainstructor,explainstheshiftinthinking:"I?wouldhave[mystudents]getoutoftheirseatsevery15minutesandtakeaWarriorPoseorLion's?Breath,andthenIcouldget15moreminutesofworkoutofthem."Thiskindofmovement,she?said,alsogiveschildrenspacetodevelopself-awarenessandself-regulation,togettoknow?themselvesasthinkingindividualsbyconnectingwiththebody.?Play-basedpreschoolsandprogressiveschools(oftenwithopenroomplans,mixed-agegroups,?andanemphasisoncreativityandindependence)areseeingincreasedpopularity.Enrichmentprogramsengagingchildreninmovementwithintention(yoga,meditation,martialarts)arealsogainingtraction.?Thesekindsofmethodsseektogivechildrenbacksomeoftheagencytheiryoungmindsandbodiescrave,aslessplayandmobilityleadtoanuptickinanxietyinever-youngerstudentsandeven,accordingtoDurand,agrowingnumberofcasesofchildrenwhoneedtoseeoccupationaltherapists.MindfulnesspracticessuchasguidedbreathandyogacanhelpmitigatethecoresymptomsofADHDinchildren,?(anincreasinglycommondiagnosis),whiletheartsencourage?self-expressionandmotor-skilldevelopment.?EmilyCross,aprofessorintheSchoolofPsychologyattheUnitedKingdom'sBangor?University,explainstheimpactofmovementonmemoryandlearning:Newneuroscienceresearch,?shesaidinanemail,showsthatactiveleaming--"wherethelearnerisdoing,moving,acting,and?interacting"--canchangethewaythebrainworksandcanacceleratekids'learningprocess.While?passivelearningmaybeeasiertoadminister,sheadded,itdoesn'tfavorbrainactivity.Cross,whose?researchfocusesonpre-teensandyoungadults,saidshe'sfound?"veryclearevidencethatwhen?learnersareactivelyengagedwithmovingtheirownbodiestomusic,intimewithavatarsonthe?screen,theirperformanceisvastlysuperiortowhenthey'reaskedtoengageinpassivelearning...?[Thereare]strikingchangesinbrainactivitywhenwecombinedanceandmusicinthelearning?context."Inotherwords,peopleabsorbanewlyacquiredskill-setbetterwhiledoing,engagingtheir?bodiesratherthansimplyobserving.?Theseresearchfindingsechotheobservationsandmethodologiesofeducatorswhopromote?activelearning.AsSaraGannon,thedirectorandteacheratBethesdaNurserySchool,ahighly?regardedplay-basedpreschoolinNewHaven,Connecticut,thatfavorsexperientiallearningover?directinstruction,inanemailnotes:?"Unfortunately,therehasbeensomuchfocusonforcingthe?academics,andyoungchildrenarebeingaskedtodowhattheyarejustnotreadytodo...ofcourse,?wedoteachlettersandsounds,numbersandquantities--butthroughexperiencesandwithina?context.Thatmeans,hands-on:countingthenumberofacornsachildfoundontheplayground,?buildingwithunitblocks,soundingoutachild'snameastheylearntowriteit,lookingattraffic?signsonawalk."Yetwhilesuchdevelopmentallyorientedprogramsmaybenefitchildren,fornow?they'reunlikelytobecomewidespreadgiventhecurrentfocusonassessmentandschoolreadiness,?particularlyinunderservedcommunities.?Asmygirlscontinuedcreatingtheirownactivitystationsandimaginaryworlds,thecontrast?betweenhowchildrenoperateversuswhatisoftenexpectedofthemwasapparent.Itwouldbe?unwiseandimpracticaltopretendthatchildrendonotneedanystructure,orthatacademicskillsare?unimportantinschool.Yetitisnecessarytorecognizethattheearly-childhoodclassroomhasbeen?significantlyalteredbyincreasinglyrigorousacademicstandardsinwaysthatrarelyalignwithhow?youngchildrenlearn.???AccordingtoNancy,anidealkindergartenclass____________.查看材料A.attachesgreatimportancetokids'abilitytosolvemathproblemB.OfferskidsasmanystructuredactivitiesaspossibleC.encouragesgoodteamworkandcommunicationD.encore'ageskidstolearnbyexperience

47、通過(guò)創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的情景，潛移默化地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思想品德的方法是__________。A.說(shuō)服法B.榜樣示范法C.陶冶教育法D.實(shí)踐鍛煉法

48、小學(xué)階段是發(fā)展學(xué)生個(gè)性（）的時(shí)期。A.并不重要B.非常重要C.沒(méi)有效果D.最不會(huì)受外界影響

49、加涅將學(xué)習(xí)分為五種類(lèi)型的依據(jù)是（）A.不同的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果B.學(xué)習(xí)層次的高低C.學(xué)習(xí)情境的簡(jiǎn)繁D.學(xué)習(xí)水平的優(yōu)劣

50、（）是最高水平的認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果，要求超越原先的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。A.知識(shí)B.應(yīng)用C.評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)D.綜合目標(biāo)二、多選題

51、人們?cè)谟斡[過(guò)“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”后，在頭腦中留下了生動(dòng)的長(zhǎng)城形象,這種記憶是（）A.情緒記憶B.形象記憶C.動(dòng)作記憶D.情景記憶

52、下列有關(guān)小學(xué)語(yǔ)文教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)的說(shuō)法有誤的一項(xiàng)是（）。A.形成性評(píng)價(jià)的功能是證明學(xué)生掌握知識(shí)、技能的程度和能力水平以及達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)的程度B.相對(duì)性評(píng)價(jià)是運(yùn)用常模參照性測(cè)驗(yàn)對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)進(jìn)行的評(píng)價(jià)C.教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)的整體性原則要對(duì)組成教學(xué)活動(dòng)的各方面進(jìn)行多角度、全方位的評(píng)價(jià)D.教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)參與與互動(dòng)、自評(píng)與他評(píng)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)評(píng)價(jià)主體的多元化

53、根據(jù)我國(guó)《中華人民共和國(guó)未成年人保護(hù)法》的規(guī)定，任何組織或者個(gè)人不得招用未滿(mǎn)（）周歲的未成年人，國(guó)家另有規(guī)定的除外。A.十二B.十四C.十六D.十八

54、新課改倡導(dǎo)師生新關(guān)系，新課程中具有現(xiàn)代師生關(guān)系的模式是（)A.合作模式B.平等模式C.管理模式D.授受模式

55、下列對(duì)中國(guó)古代文學(xué)常識(shí)的描述，正確的一項(xiàng)是（）。A.《尚書(shū)》是我國(guó)商周時(shí)期以記事為主的資料匯編，文字古奧典雅，對(duì)先秦歷史敘事散文的成熟有直接的影響B(tài).作為編年史，《左傳》的情節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)主要是按照時(shí)間順序交代事件發(fā)生的全部過(guò)程，往往很注重完整地?cái)⑹鍪录倪^(guò)程和因果關(guān)系C.東漢時(shí)期的賦，形式上篇幅較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)宏大，多采用主客問(wèn)答的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，汪洋恣肆。鋪排陳敘，是我國(guó)文學(xué)史上濃墨重彩的一筆D.俗文學(xué)在明代得到廣泛的發(fā)展，不僅有長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作高峰，也出現(xiàn)了很多優(yōu)秀的短篇小說(shuō)集，如馮夢(mèng)龍的“二拍”和凌濛初的“三言”

56、在社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域迅速發(fā)展的今天，全球卻面臨著氣候方面的危機(jī)——“溫室效應(yīng)”，這種“溫室效應(yīng)”的最終原因是（）A.人類(lèi)大量砍伐樹(shù)木B.工業(yè)生產(chǎn)當(dāng)中大量的二氧化碳進(jìn)入到大氣層中C.全球的植被面積的減少D.人口的增多

57、每逢重大考試，“花式祈福”總是媒體少不了的報(bào)道內(nèi)容之一。比如高考期間，送考媽媽們會(huì)穿旗袍寓意“旗開(kāi)得勝”；家長(zhǎng)會(huì)給孩子吃一根油條、兩個(gè)雞蛋，希望孩子考100分；淘寶甚至推出了“VIP智商充值卡”“掛科險(xiǎn)”等令人啼笑皆非的產(chǎn)品。有需求就有市場(chǎng)，強(qiáng)烈的考試求過(guò)的心態(tài)，催生了各種安慰式的商品和服務(wù)。買(mǎi)了“智商充值卡”就能智商暴漲嗎？媽媽穿身旗袍就能幫孩子考高分嗎？相信任何智商正常的人都不會(huì)當(dāng)真吧！但為什么還有市場(chǎng)？因?yàn)榻箲]是最好的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)手段，而“儀式”則是最簡(jiǎn)單易行的心靈安撫法。近年來(lái)，“儀式感”成為網(wǎng)文愛(ài)用的熱詞之一，似乎日常生活中的任何事情都能與“儀式”扯上關(guān)系。作者接下來(lái)可能說(shuō)什么（）A.到底什么是“儀式”B.抨擊安慰式的商品和服務(wù)C.考前學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)的焦慮感從何而來(lái)D.“儀式感”對(duì)人心的安撫作用

58、讀書(shū)指導(dǎo)法是一種（）的方法。A.以直覺(jué)感知為主B.以引導(dǎo)探究為主C.以實(shí)際訓(xùn)練為主D.以語(yǔ)言傳授為主

59、一學(xué)生決心改掉遲到的毛病，遵守學(xué)校紀(jì)律，可冬天一到，他遲遲不肯起床，結(jié)果又遲到了。對(duì)該生的教育應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)其（）A.道德認(rèn)知B.道德情感C.道德意志D.道德行為

60、Mom,doyoumindmylisteningtomusicforawhile?______Butyou'dbetterturnitdown.A.Yes,pleaseB.NotatallC.Yes,IdoD.No,thankyou

61、InancientEgypt(古埃及),peoplebelievedthatthecatwasagod.Whena51dieditsownersshowedtheirsadnessbythestrangehabitofshavingtheireyebrowsoff!Inthe19thcentury,thefamousEnglishwriterCharlesDickenshadacatwhowasvery52ofhim.Thecatdidn′tliketo53Dickensworkingtoohard.Atnight,whenthecatwantedtosay"54writing!"tohismaster,heoften55Dickens′candlewithhispaw(腳爪)!Whenanimalsbecomepets,theresult,afteranumberofgenerations,isasmalleranimalwithasmallerbrain.Rabbits(兔子),56,whichliveaspetsinagarden,arelessintelligentthantheir57cousins.Ofcourse,mandoesn′talwayskeep58forpleasure.Manyanimalshavetoworkfortheirmasters.Therewas59afarminNamibia,Africa,whichhad80goats.Amothermonkeytookthegoatstothehillseverydayandbroughtthembackatnight.She60knewexactlywhichgoatswerehers--whichismorethanmanyhumanscoulddo.第（53）題選A.makeB.helpC.seeD.force

62、將課程分為國(guó)家課程、地方課程、學(xué)校課程是從（）來(lái)進(jìn)行劃分的。A.課程功能的角度B.教育階段的作用C.課程制定者或管理制度的角度D.課程核心組織的角度

63、《歌德傳》寫(xiě)道：“這個(gè)人，平常非常溫柔忍耐的，競(jìng)有時(shí)憤怒至于咬牙跺腳。他能閑靜。又能活潑，愉快時(shí)猶如登天，苦悶時(shí)如墜地獄。他有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的自信，他又常有自若的懷疑．他能自覺(jué)為超人，去毀滅一個(gè)世界，但又覺(jué)得懦弱無(wú)能，不能移動(dòng)道途中一塊小石。”這段話(huà)描寫(xiě)主人公的（）。A.能力特點(diǎn)B.氣質(zhì)特點(diǎn)C.性格特點(diǎn)D.興趣特點(diǎn)

64、使用“會(huì)聲會(huì)影”軟件編輯影片時(shí)，時(shí)間軸上不能導(dǎo)入的文件類(lèi)型是（）A.視頻B.音頻C.圖像D.文本

65、TheCoolestClubAroundEverySundayfromNovemberthroughApril,agroupofmenandwomenrunshoutingintothefreezingwatersoftheAtlanticoceanoffthecoastofNewYorkcity.Aretheycrazy?Maybe.Dotheyhaveagreattime?Definitely.TheConeyIslandPolarBearclubwas16in1903byBernarrMactadden.Hebelievedthataregulardipincoldwaterhadbighealth17.Heproclaimedthistheorywhileinthe18waterasonlookers