虛擬語氣的四種形式及三點注意

關(guān)于虛擬語氣的四種形式及三點注意

虛擬語氣，作為日常交際應(yīng)用中常常會出現(xiàn)的一種語言現(xiàn)象，一直是考題幾乎年年都要考到的一個熱點。但對于中國學(xué)生來說，它又是一個難點。無怪乎許多學(xué)生學(xué)完虛擬語氣后，常常會嘆道：Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English______mucheasier.A.willbe B.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeen D.wouldbe第2頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月一、掌握虛擬語氣的主要形式（1）三種基本形態(tài):if條件從句+主句（2）幾個常用虛擬語氣的句型（3）wish,asif及ifonly的虛擬形式（4）Itistimethat的虛擬形式二、注意虛擬語氣的三種活用現(xiàn)象（1）含蓄條件句（2）時間錯綜句（3）虛實錯綜句第3頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月時間謂語動詞的虛擬形式if從句謂語形式主句謂語形式現(xiàn)在動詞過去式（be多用were）would/should/could/might+動詞原形過去had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞將來動詞過去式或should/wereto+動詞原形would/should/could/might+動詞原形第4頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月1.Therice______ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburning B.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburnt D.wouldnotburnt2.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcome C.cameD.hadcome4.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.Ifitisnot B.WereitnotC.Haditnotbeen D.Iftheyhavenot5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot第5頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she______.A.wouldsucceed B.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceed D.wouldhavesucceed7.—Ifhe______,he______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ifit______tomorrow,theywouldnotgotherebybike.A.willrainB.rains C.wouldrainD.shouldrain9.______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.Should C.WouldD.Will10.IfI______you,Iwouldnotdoit.A.amB.were C.shallbeD.being第6頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月1.Suggest等動詞+賓語從句

一個堅持：insist;兩個命令：order,command;三個建議：suggest,propose,advise;四個要求：desire,demand,ask,requireIproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.虛擬語氣形式：(should)+動詞原形2.Itis(was)+上述動詞的過去分詞+that主語從句

Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.3.以上動詞演變而成的名詞以及一些抽象名詞+isthat

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthetopofthemountain.第7頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月suggestion/order等+be+表語從句

Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.suggestion/order等+同位語從句

Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?

上述結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等。

虛擬語氣形式：

(should)+動詞原形第8頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月

4.Itis(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/apity/nowonder+that主語從句

Itisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.

Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.

虛擬語氣形式：(should)+動詞原形第9頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月1.Iinsistthatadoctor______immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejob______doneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbe3.Hehadanideathatwe______bybike.A.shallgoB.goC.wentD.wouldgo4.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting______offtilltomorrow.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting第10頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月5.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.does;wouldbeset6.Itisnecessarythatyou______presentatthediscussion.A.willbeB.areC.shouldbeD.wouldbe7.Thebossgaveordersthatthework______atonce.A.willbestartedB.mustbestartedC.bestartedD.shouldstart8.Theguardthereinsistedthateverybody______therules.A.obeys B.obeyC.willobey D.wouldobey第11頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月

wish,asif以及ifonly的虛擬形式：

這幾個詞（詞組）表虛擬時，其后所用的虛擬形式與條件從句基本相同，即此陳述語氣中的時態(tài)后退一個時態(tài)。隨“時”變化的幾種用法：時間謂語動詞虛擬語氣wish/asif/asthough/ifonly/wouldrather現(xiàn)在動詞過去式（be多用were）過去had+過去分詞或could+have+過去分詞將來would+動詞原形第12頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月1.IwishI______youyesterday.A.seenB.didsee C.hadseenD.weretosee2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken3.I’dratherthatyou______thereyesterdayand______againnextweekend.A.went;shouldcome B.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;came D.go;come4.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey______friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbe C.havebeenD.hadbeen5.—Iblamedheryesterday.—Iwouldratheryou______that.A.didn’tdoB.hadn’tdone C.wouldn’tdoD.shouldn’tdo6.—Heisaverybraveman.—Yes.IwishI______hiscourage.A.have B.had C.willhaveD.wouldhave第13頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月

Itistimethat的虛擬形式

Itistimethat…Itishightimethat…Itisabouttimethat…謂語動詞的虛擬形式為：動詞過去式(be

多為were)Itistime還可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：

Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itistimeforsth./doingsth.Itisthefirsttimethat(從句用陳述語氣的現(xiàn)在完成時)第14頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月1.Itishightimeyou______thebus.A.hadcaught B.caughtC.willcatch D.catch2.It’sabouttimehe______todothework.A.begins B.willbeginC.begin D.began3.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.A.wouldgo B.wentC.go D.willgo4.Itistimewe___upourresults.A.sum B.summedC.willsum D.wouldsum第15頁,共18頁，星期六，2024年，5月（一）、含蓄條件句含蓄條件句就是虛擬條件暗含在短語或上下文中，從句不表現(xiàn)出來。這時，必須根據(jù)句中表述的意義以及某些特定的信息詞，并依據(jù)前文所列舉的四種現(xiàn)象，來判斷此時須采用的形式。1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeen