初升高英語(yǔ)暑假銜接第12講 Unit4 Natural Disasters 核心單詞知識(shí)句型（學(xué)生版）

第12講Unit4NaturalDisasters目標(biāo)1掌握重點(diǎn)單詞和詞塊的用法。目標(biāo)2認(rèn)識(shí)并運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)句型。核心單詞講解清單一----詞表詞匯速記（限時(shí)25分鐘）1.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救；救援（save）●cometoone'srescue援救某人rescueteam救援隊(duì)●rescue...from……把……從……營(yíng)救出來(lái)eg.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimberwasrescued.那位登山者是在當(dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)У膸椭芦@救的。damagevt.損害；破壞（destroy/ruin）n.損壞；損失●cause/dodamageto對(duì)……造成損害●damageone'shealth損害某人的健康eg.We'dbettergetridofthebadhabitofsmoking,forsmokingcando/causedamagetoourhealth.（倡議書(shū)）我們最好改掉吸煙的壞習(xí)慣，因?yàn)槲鼰煂?duì)我們的健康有害。affectvt.影響（influence）；（疾病）侵襲；深深深打動(dòng)（touch/move）●beaffectedby受……影響；被……打動(dòng)beaffectedwith感染……疾病●affectionn.喜愛(ài)eg.WewereconstantlyaffectedbythestoriesofthosewhodevotedtheirlivestofightingagainstCOVID-19.我們不斷被那些為抗擊新冠肺炎獻(xiàn)出生命的故事感動(dòng)。Affectedwithaseriousdisease,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecovery.由于患了一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，他說(shuō)話不再清楚，他知道沒(méi)有康復(fù)的希望。（江蘇卷書(shū)面表達(dá)）Apparently，blindlyfol-lowingothers'advicewillaffectourownjudgment.顯然，盲目聽(tīng)從別人的建議會(huì)影響我們自己的判斷。【形近】effectn.結(jié)果；效應(yīng)；作用；影響ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞（destroy）●lie/beinruins成為廢墟bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟●ruinoneself毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)5.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）震驚●beagreatshocktosb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是極大的震驚inshock震驚；吃驚●shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的beshockedat對(duì)……吃驚●shockingadj.令人震驚的【聯(lián)想】各種“驚訝”①astonishing令人驚訝的astonished驚訝的②amazing令人驚奇的amazed驚奇的③surprising令人吃驚的surprised吃驚的6.buryvt，埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使專心●beburiedin=buryoneselfin埋頭于；專心于●buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面【聯(lián)想】表示“專心于；致力于”的短語(yǔ)還有∶①beabsorbedin②beengagedin③bedevotedto④belostin⑤beemployedin⑥applyoneselftoeffortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力（attempt）sparenoefforttodosth不遺余力做某事makean/everyefforttodosth努力做某事witheffort費(fèi)力地eg.We'llsparenoefforttohelpyou,butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.我們將竭盡全力幫助你，但你必須做好迎接各種困難的準(zhǔn)備。8.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦●sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage/loss遭受痛苦/失敗/艱難/破壞/損失sufferfrom遭受；患病●sufferingn.痛苦；苦惱sufferern.患難者；患病者eg.Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlife,butitisthesufferingsthatmakeusstronger.（發(fā)言稿）生活中總有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦難讓我們更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。9.supplyn.供應(yīng)（量）；補(bǔ)給；【pl.】補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給（provide）●beinshortsupply短缺haveagoodsupplyof...備有許多……medicalsupplies醫(yī)療用品●supplysthtosb=supplysbwithsth為某人提供某物【聯(lián)想】表示“為某人提供某物”的短語(yǔ)還有∶①providesbwithsth/providesthforsb②offersbsth/offersthtosb10.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)●survivesth幸免于；從……中活過(guò)來(lái)survivefrom從……存活下來(lái)surviveon依靠……生存下來(lái)AsurviveB（by十時(shí)間）A比B活得長(zhǎng)（……）●survivorn.幸存者survivaln.【U】幸存；【C】殘存物eg.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.人類生活被認(rèn)為是自然的一部分，我們存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和諧相處。11.calmvt.&vi.（使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)靜adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的●calmdown平靜下來(lái)calmsbdown使某人鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)●keepcalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜●calmlyadv.冷靜地；平靜地eg.Calmyourselfdown;thereisnoneedtofeelupsetaboutit.（建議信）讓你自己平靜下來(lái)，沒(méi)有必要為此事心煩。aidn.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.幫助；援助●givefirstaidtosb對(duì)某人急救withtheaidof…在……的幫助下cometoone'said幫助某人●aidsbin(doing)sth)aidsbwithsth幫助某人（做）某事aidsbtodostheg.Withtheaidofourteachers,welearnedhowtoperformfirstaid.在我們老師的幫助下，我們學(xué)會(huì)了如何進(jìn)行急救。sweepvt.&vi.打掃；清掃sweepaway消滅；徹底消除【聯(lián)想】“ABB”型動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞①sweep，swept，swept打掃；清掃②bleed，bled，bled出血；流血③deal，dealt，dealt處理；交易；對(duì)付④fight，fought，fought（與……）作戰(zhàn)；戰(zhàn)斗⑤flee，fled，fled逃走；逃避strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊●bestruckwith/by為……所襲擊（感動(dòng)）Itstrikessbthat...某人突然想到……●oone'sheart使……刻骨銘心●beonstrike在罷工goonstrike舉行罷工【聯(lián)想】“某人突然想到”句式還有∶①Itoccurstosbthat...②Ithitssbthat...③Itcomestosbthat...delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表；接生●deliversth（tosb）遞送某物（給某人）deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講/致辭deliverababy接生●deliveryn.投遞；送交【聯(lián)想】“做演講”的其他表達(dá)∶①givealecture/talk②makeaspeecheffectn.影響；結(jié)果；效果；效力●takeeffect生效；見(jiàn)效comeintoeffect生效haveaneffecton/upon對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響oeffect實(shí)施；使……生效/起作用●effectiveadj.有效的；有影響的effectivelyadv.有效地；高效地【聯(lián)想】“對(duì)……有影響”的其他表達(dá)∶①affect/influencesth②haveaninfluenceon③haveanimpactonIengthn.長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度longadj.長(zhǎng)的lengthenvt.&vi.（使）變長(zhǎng)【聯(lián)想】后綴-th高頻名詞薈萃∶①length長(zhǎng)度②strength力量③warmth溫暖④width寬度⑤depth深度⑥growth成長(zhǎng)二、重點(diǎn)詞塊速記naturaldisasters自然災(zāi)難asusual像往常一樣at（the）least至少firstaidkit急救箱5.cometoanend結(jié)束6.oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes最致命的地震之一7.cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways橫穿房屋、道路和水道8.blowthemaway把它們刮走9.putupsheltersintheopenair在露天搭起避難所10.providemedicalcare提供醫(yī)療護(hù)理11.starttoreviveitself開(kāi)始自我復(fù)蘇12.intimesofdisaster在災(zāi)難時(shí)期13.becomeahometo成為……的家園14.begintobreatheagain重新開(kāi)始呼吸15.rebuildforabrighterfuture重建更光明的未來(lái)16.volcaniceruption火山噴發(fā)17.haveonhandenoughwater手頭有足夠的水18.deliverfoodandsupplies運(yùn)送食物和用品重點(diǎn)句型剖析1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.（too＋adj.+to…太……而不能……）雞甚至連豬都太緊張而不能吃東西，狗也不愿意進(jìn)屋里去。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!（asif..似乎/好像……）仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨!3.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.（who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）地震剛剛過(guò)去，部隊(duì)派出了15萬(wàn)名戰(zhàn)士奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。4.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thai-land,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.（v.-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）過(guò)去40年來(lái)最強(qiáng)的一次地震引起的海嘯昨天登陸了亞洲海岸，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞以及其他至少四個(gè)國(guó)家的6500多人死亡。5.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.(makeit＋adj.＋todo)然而，危險(xiǎn)的狀況以及受損的道路將會(huì)使得運(yùn)送食物和物資變得困難。6.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早餐，這時(shí)家里開(kāi)始灌水。句型公式|bedoingsthwhen…bedoingsthwhen…"正在做某事，這時(shí)……"，when作并列連詞。（1）beabouttodosthwhen…正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……（2）hadjustdonesthwhen…剛做完某事，這時(shí)……①（2019·浙江卷寫作）LastMonday，IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，這時(shí)突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來(lái)。②Seatedintheclassroom,IwasonthepointoftakingmybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbe-camefaint.→Seatedintheclassroom,IwasabouttotakemybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbecamefaint.坐在教室里，我正要把書(shū)拿出來(lái)，這時(shí)我突然眩暈了。③Ihadjustturnedonthecomputerwhenmyparentscameback.我剛剛打開(kāi)電腦，這時(shí)我父母回來(lái)了?？键c(diǎn)一、核心單詞語(yǔ)法填空Hetookadeep（breathe）,andbegantoclimbthestairs.Itisvitalthatweacttostopthe（destroy）oftherainforests.Morethansevenmillionpeople（affect）bydroughtinthatcountrylastyear.Twosurvivorswererescuedafter（trap）undertheruinsfortwodays.Thereisnoperfectchoiceatall.Allwehavetotodoissparenoeffort（make）whatwehavechosenright.Juliawasgiventhekissoflifebutshecouldn’t（revive）.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredintheearthquake（reach）morethan7,000sofar.Itiscommonthatallthecinemasarealmostfullofaudience,areholdingpopcornanddrinks.ManyLithuanianshaveexpresseddoubtsaboutthe（wise）ofthedecision.（visit）Chinaover40timessince2012,Samaranchunderstandshoweffectivethecountry’ssportssystemcanbe.11.Theprojectlooksathowwecouldbemore（effect）inencouragingstudentstoenterteachertraining.12.Themore（power）thecarthemoredifficultitistohandle.13.Hesucceededtheaidofacompletelynewmethodhediscovered.14.summary,itismyopinionthatthewholeprocessoftreatmentwasverysuccessful.15.Thepresident（deliver）aspeechonhowtoeffectivelysolvetheimmigrationproblemnextweek.16.OurEnglishteachersuggests（read）Englishaloudeverymorning.17.IwastakingamonlineclassinmystudyIheardaloudnoiseinthebackyard.18.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswontheinternationalaward.考點(diǎn)二、重點(diǎn)詞塊選詞填空diginto,lookup,asif,inruins,blowaway,comeintoanend,inshock,gothough,sufferfromAftertheearthquake,thebeautifulcitywas.Shebehavedforalltheworldnothingunusualhadhappened.Hewasstillfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.TheEnglishcornerdidnotuntilaboutteno’clocklastnight.Strongwindscanalsothevaluablesoilthatliesonthetopofthefields.TeenagerswhoareaddictedtotheInternetaremorelikelytodepression.WhilehewasstudyingclassicalliteraturehealsobegantoancientChinesehistory.Don'teveryunknownwordinyourdictionary,trytoguessitsmeaningfromthecontext.NelsonMandelaoncesomanydifficultiesinprison,whichinspiredhimtopursuefreedomforhispeople.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！?022年全國(guó)乙卷】May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___41___theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate___42___festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___43___(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe___44___(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___45___(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___46___(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation___47___culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.___48___(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,___49___(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening____50____(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.完形填空（湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市雅禮書(shū)院中學(xué)等2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考）Oneday,aprofessorenteredhisclassroomandaskedhisstudentstoprepareforasurprisetest.Theyallwaited41attheirdesksfortheexamtobegin.Theprofessor42theexampaperswiththetextfacingdownasusual.Oncehehandedthemallout,heaskedthestudentsto43thepapers.Toeveryone’ssurprise,therewere44questions—justablackdotinthecenterofthepaper.Theprofessor,seeingtheexpressionsoneveryone’sfaces,toldthemthefollowing:“Iwantyoutowriteaboutwhatyouseethere.”Thestudents,45,gotstartedontheverytask.Attheendoftheclass,theprofessortookalltheexams,readingeachoneofthemloudinfrontofallthestudents.Allofthem,without46,describedtheblackdot(小圓點(diǎn)),tryingtoexplainitspositioninthecenterofthesheet.Afterallhadbeenread,theclassroom47,theprofessorstartedtoexplain:“I’mnotgoingtogradeyouonthis;Ijustwanttogiveyousomethingtothinkabout.Noonewroteaboutthe48partofthepaper.”“Everyonefocusedontheblackdot—andthe49thinghappensinourlives.50,weinsistonfocusingonlyontheblackdot—thehealthissuesthattroubleus,thelackof51,thecomplicated(復(fù)雜的)friendshipwithafamilymember,thedisappointmentwithafriend.Thedarkspotsarevery52whencomparedtoeverythingwehaveinourlives,buttheyaretheonesthat53ourminds.54youreyesawayfromtheblackdotsinyourlives.Enjoyeachoneofyourblessings,eachmomentthatlifegivesyou.Be55andlivealifefilledwithlove!”41．A．happily B．guiltily C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．lazily42．A．handedout B．carriedout C．leftout D．putout43．A．burndown B．turnover C．turnout D．turnto44．A．some B．a(chǎn)ny C．many D．no45．A．sad B．confused C．a(chǎn)ngry D．fun46．A．expectation B．surprise C．exception D．doubt47．A．bright B．noisy C．crowded D．silent48．A．black B．central C．white D．most49．A．different B．same C．difficult D．easy50．A．However B．Therefore C．Thus D．Moreover51．A．privacy B．money C．food D．skill52．A．great B．tiny C．big D．important53．A．pollute B．create C．relax D．help54．A．Drive B．Put C．Take D．Bring55．A．healthy B．generous C．lovely D．happy二、七選五（陜西省西安市陜西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中考試）PlanaBudget-Friendly(省錢的)SummerVacationIt’snevertooearlytostartthinkingaboutyoursummervacation.Decidingwheretogoandwhatattractionstoseecanactuallybeafunandexcitingpartoftheexperience—particularlywhenyoufindwaystosaveyourtraveldollar.16Rethinkyour“summervacation”.Ifyoursummervacationwindowiswideopen,whynotskipJulyandAugust?Theflightsandaccommodationsareabout25%cheaperinthespringorearlyfall.Ifyoumust