考研英語（一）第二部分閱讀理解（下）

考研英語（一）第二部分閱讀理解（下）

（江南博哥）

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答126-130題

WhenApplelaunchesitsnewsoftwareupdatefortheiPhoneonWednesday,users

willbeofferedthechancetosurfthemobileWebwithoutannoyingadsclutteringup

theirscreen.ButApple'ssupportforad-blockingtechnologyisringingalarmbellson

MadisonAvenue,wherecriticswarnitthreatensnotonlythelifebloodoftheir

business—butalsotheeconomicunderpinningsofthefreeInternet."Wedon'tthink

adblockingisright",ScottCunningham,seniorvicepresidentoftheInteractive

AdvertisingBureau,toldThePost.

TheriseofadblockersisoneofthebiggestseachangestoaffecttheInternetad

businessindecades,Cunninghamsaid.Foryears,publishershavemadewhatthey

believeisafairtrade-offwithreaders."Advertisingistheeconomicenginethatdrives

thefreeInternet/'Cunninghamsaid."Therealityisthelast20yearshaveseenpeople

developingcontentonlinefordistribution,andconsumershaveoptedinforthatfree

content."Whileuseofad-blockingtechnologyondesktopcomputersandmobile

deviceshasbeenontherise,Apple'scommitmenttoitisagamechanger.WithiOS9,

developerswillbeabletocreatead-blockingsoftwareforApple'sSafarimobile

browser.

Apple'sgoalappearstobemakingthemobileWebafaster,cleanerandmore

pleasantall-aroundexperience.Butitcouldalsohavetheeffectofpushingpublishers

offthemobileWebandtowardsubscriptionservicesandpaidapps,whichisanarea

dominatedbyApple.AlreadysomeWebpublishersandcontentprovidersareturning

awayconsumerswhoavailthemselvesofad-bustingtechnologies.Huluisrejecting

customerswhouseadblockers,whiletheWashingtonPostblocksconsumersfrom

readingitssiteifitdetectsanadblocker—andredirectsthemtosubscriptionpages.

WhateverApple'snewad-freevisionis,executivesacrossMadisonAvenueare

scramblingtofigureouttheramifications."ThefreeInternetisgoingtohaveamajor

problem,andthat'saconcernforallofus",SteveCarbone,theheadofdigitalat

MediaCom,toldThePost,"It'sahugeissue."MediaComispartofmedia-buying

giantGroupM,whichispreparingtoupdateclientsonwhatitmeansforthem.

PageFair,acompanythatdetectsadblockers,estimatesthereare198millionusersof

adblockersworldwide,including45millionintheUS—andit'sgrowing.The

technologyisparticularlyconcentratedforusersofgamingandtechsitesandamong

millennialswhoadvertisersmostwanttoreach.Globalmobile-advertisingspendingis

predictedtohit$100billionin2016,accordingtoeMarketer.

SomeWebpublishersareworkingontechnologythatskirtsadblockersandservesup

advertisingregardless.ThathassomeonMadisonAvenueworriedthatconsumerswill

blametheirclientsforoverridingtechnologyratherthanthepublishers."!can'tstop

theprogressionoftechnology",MediaCom'sCarbonesaid,"Icanonlyadapttoit."

126［單選題］OpponentsofApple'snewsoftwareclaimthatthis

technologywill

A.underminethecurrentchargingmodeofInternet.

B.breakthebalancebetweenadvertisementandpayment.

C.slashthecompetenceofApple'ssoftwaredevelopment.

0.declinethevibrancyofthewholeInternetbusiness.

正確答案：A

參考解析：criticswarnitthreatensnotonlythelifebloodoftheirbusiness

—butalsotheeconomicunderpinningsofthefreeInternet批評者認為對

廣告的攔截會威脅到廣告業(yè)的商業(yè)命脈，還會損害互聯(lián)網(wǎng)免費的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。A

"破壞當前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收費模式"正確。

127［單選題］Whatdoestheword"trade-off"meaninthepassage?

A.Sacrificingthemarketfortheprogressofad-blockingtechnology.

B.TradingtheuserexperiencewiththefreeInternetbusiness.

C.PermittingadvertisementinexchangeforfreeInternetsurfing.

0.Allowingconsumer'sparticipationforfreeonlinecontent.

正確答案：C

參考解析：publishershavemadewhattheybelieveisafairtrade-offwith

readers."Advertisingistheeconomicenginethatdrivesthefree

Internet,"出版商和讀者之間已達成一致，出版商以廣告推動免費互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,

而消費者則可以免費獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息.所以trade-off的內(nèi)容就是允許廣告的存

在以換取使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的免費。C正確。

128摩選初Accordingtothepassage,Appleexcelsin

A.softwaredetection.

B.chargingservices.

C.screeningadvertisement.

0.technologycreation.

正確答案：B

參考解析：Apple'sgoalappearstobemakingthemobileWebafaster,

cleanerandmorepleasantall-aroundexperience.Butitcouldalsohave

theeffectofpushingpublishersoffthemobileWebandtoward

subscriptionservicesandpaidapps,whichisanareadominatedbyApple.

蘋果公司的做法會促使出版社從移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)向訂閱服務(wù)和付費應(yīng)用，而這一領(lǐng)域

則是由蘋果公司統(tǒng)治。B正確。

129［單選題］'hosewhommarketersaremosteagertoapproachare

A.ad-blockingsupporters.

B.technologyfollowers.

C.ad-freeobjectors.

0.youngsters.

正確答案：D

參考解析：Thetechnologyisparticularlyconcentratedforusersofgaming

andtechsitesandamongmillennialswhoadvertisersmostwanttoreach.

大多是游戲和科技網(wǎng)站的用戶，還有廣告商最渴望觸及的千禧一代，因此市場最

渴望接觸的是千禧一代。D正確。

130［單選題］\odealwithadblockers,Webpublishersarenow

A.sidesteppingad-blockingtechnology.

B.changingthemselvestosurvive.

C.protestingApple'snewpractice.

0.turningtoconsumersforhelp.

正確答案：B

參考解析：SomeWebpublishersareworkingontechnologythatskirtsad

blockersandservesupadvertisingregardless.面對廣告攔截技術(shù)，出版社的

反應(yīng)式開發(fā)出規(guī)避廣告攔截軟件發(fā)布廣告的技術(shù)，最后又提到了出版商代表的卡

蓬的觀點：我只能去適應(yīng)它。所以出版商的做法是改變自己，適應(yīng)趨勢以生存，

B正確。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答131-135題

PhysiologyhasbeentaughtinBritishmedicalschoolsforacenturyandahalf,but

sinceabout1990,physiologyteachingformedicalstudentshasbeencutbymore

thanfiftypercent.Duringthistime,medicalstudentnumbershavedoubled.This

bloatinginnumbershasoutgrownthecapacityofstaffandspaceavailabletoteach

andaccommodatethemappropriately.Consequently,practicalphysiologytraininghas

beenvirtuallyeliminated.

Physiologystudiestherelationshipsbetweenlivingstatesatalllevelsofbiological

organization,frommoleculestoorgansystems.ltisthekeytounderstandingorgan

functionanddysfunction.Someviewphysiologyasanold-fashionedandmechanical

approachtosciencerootedinaphilosophyantagonistictothestatistical

methodologiesadoptedbyclinicalscience,suchasepidemiologyandhuman

populationgenetics.Butinfactthisviewisbaseless；physiologyhaslongsince

rejecteditshistoricaldistrustofstatisticalevidenceandenthusiasticallyembraces

newmethods,abstractmoleculargenetics,whichshedlightonbiologicalprocesses.

ProblemBasedLearning(PBL),importedfromNorthAmericawaswidelyadoptedin

variousguisesthroughouttheUKmedicalschoolsduringthe1990s.Itavowedlyaims

toencourageself-directedlearningandtoerasetheartificialbarriersbetween

theologiesbypromotinganintegratedor"holistic"approachtomedicine.ltwasalso

seenasameansofshiftingtheincreasedteachingloadawayfromactiveresearchers

tonon-specialist"facilitating"staff.Butitsadoptionhasmeantacomprehensiveloss

ofautonomyofthebiologicalscientistswhohaveparticipatedinthis

venture.Cliniciansnowtakealeadingroleinpre-clinicalteaching,largelydisplacing

pre-clinicalscientistswhoaremoreintouchwithbasicphysiological

processes.Scientificcontenttaughtinthecontextofclinicalproblemsomitsmuch

basicscience,whichisregardedasinessentialdigressionfromtheclinicalproblems

uponwhichthecourseiscentered.PBLismuchmoreappropriatelysuitedtomedical

teachinginNorthAmerica,whereeverymedicalstudenthasstudiedbiological

sciencesatcollegelevelpriortoenteringmedicalschool.UndergraduateBritish

medicalstudentsonlyrarelyhaveequivalentexperience,sorealisticallycanonlybe

expectedtointegrateknowledgeandsolveproblemsoncetheyhaveacquiredafirm

understandingofbasicsciences.

Anotherfactorcontributingtothedeclineofphysiologycourseshasbeenthelossof

physiologydepartmentsasaresultoftheirmergingwithschoolsofbiological,life,

health,ormedicalsciences.Resourceallocationwithinthepreclinicalschools,

formerlycontrolledbyacademicsworkingatthepre-clinicalfacultyordepartmental

level,isnowcentralizedandcontrolledbysenioradministratorsandclinicians.The

financialandmanpowerresourcesareredirectedtowardthemorehighlyprioritized

needsofthemedicalschoolratherthantosciencedepartments.Althoughthe"old

fashionedapproach"ofincorporatingextensivelaboratorycoursesinphysiologyinto

medicalandmedicalsciencecoursesiscostlyintimejaborandspace,theiromission

mayprovetobeevenmorecostly.EventuallyBritishgraduateswillloseouttotheir

competitorstrainedinContinentalEurope,whereuniversitiesmostlystilldevote

seriousattentiontoteachingpracticalskillstomedicalandscienceundergraduates.

131［單選題］Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic

by_____

A.posingacontrast.

B.justifyinganassumption.

C.makingacomparison.

0.explainingaphenomenon.

正確答案：D

參考解析：sinceabout1990,physiologyteachingformedicalstudentshas

beencutbymorethanfiftypercent.描述了當前的困境，并給出了結(jié)論。D

正確。

132摩選初Accordingtothepassage,initspastrecordsphysiologywas

knownfor

A.resistingclinicalscience.

B.questioningstatistics.

C.ignoringbasicresearch.

0.failingininnovation.

正確答案：B

參考解析:physiologyhaslongsincerejecteditshistoricaldistrustof

statisticalevidenceandenthusiasticallyembracesnewmethods,abstract

moleculargenetics,whichshedlightonbiologicalprocesses.生理學(xué)早已

摒棄了其以往質(zhì)疑統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的形象，現(xiàn)在能夠積極接受新方法和闡明生物學(xué)過程

的抽象分子遺傳學(xué)。B正確。

133［單選題］WhatisthedifferenceofmedicaleducationbetweenUKand

NorthAmerica?

A.UKstudentsfacemuchman-madebarriersintheirmedicalstudy.

B.UKstudentsaremainlyinstructedbycliniciansshortofpractice.

C.NorthAmericastudentspossesssolidknowledgeofbasicsciences.

D.NorthAmericastudentsaregrantedmorelearningindependence.

正確答案：C

參考解析：PBLismuchmoreappropriatelysuitedtomedicalteachingin

NorthAmerica,whereeverymedicalstudenthasstudiedbiological

sciencesatcollegelevelpriortoenteringmedicalschool.Undergraduate

Britishmedicalstudentsonlyrarelyhaveequivalentexperience.PBL模

式更適合北美醫(yī)學(xué)教學(xué)，因為北美的醫(yī)科學(xué)生在進入醫(yī)學(xué)院之前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)力了相

當于大學(xué)水平的生物科學(xué)知識。英國本科階段的醫(yī)科學(xué)生很少會有類似的經(jīng)歷。

C正確。

134Accordingtotheauthor,Britishstudentswilllosethe

competitiondueto

A.themergingofphysiologycoursestomedicalschools.

B.theshortageofrecoursessupporttopre-clinicalfaculty.

C.thedisproportionalattentiontocliniciansandscientists.

D.thecancelingofphysiologicallaboratorytrainingcourses.

正確答案：D

參考解析：Anotherfactorcontributingtothedeclineofphysiology

courseshasbeenthelossofphysiologydepartmentsasaresultoftheir

mergingwithschoolsofbiological,life,health,ormedicalsciences.生理

學(xué)系被其它院系合并造成的損失會更嚴重，英國畢業(yè)生最終會輸給歐洲大陸的競

爭對手。D正確。

135［單選題］\NK\dyofthefollowingcouldbethepropertitleofthetext?

A.TheDeclineofPhysiologyinMedicalEducationoftheUK

B.TheCriticalInefficiencyinMedicalEducationFacedbytheUK

C.TheConsequencesofFailedDecisioninPhysiologyEducation

D.TheNecessaryReversiontoPhysiologyTeachingintheUK

正確答案：A

參考解析：全文從第一段提到生理學(xué)課程，到后面解釋了為什么生理學(xué)課程的減

少，全文是圍繞英國醫(yī)學(xué)教育體系中生理學(xué)的衰退而展開。A正確。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答136-140題

TheoutcryoverInternetfirms'habitofsurreptitiouslytrackingwebsurfers'activities

hasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.OnMarch16ththeObama

administrationannouncedthatitintendstoworkwithCongresstoproduce"aprivacy

billofrights"givingAmericanconsumersgreatercontroloverhowtheirinformation

iscollectedandusedbydigitalmarketers.

Thosewhohavebeenlobbyingforchangeagreewith,butareunsympatheticto,

Internetfirms'supremeworriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheiradvertising-driven

businessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargetingconsumerstomaximize

revenues."ThisisdimmingtheprospectsofGoogle,Facebookandotherdigitalad

companies",saysJeffreyChesteroftheCentreforDigitalDemocracy.

Quitehowdarkthingsgetforthemwilldependonthedetailsofthebill.ltwillseekto

laydownthebasicprinciplesofInternetprivacyrights,broadlyfollowing

recommendationspublishedlastDecemberbytheDepartmentofCommerce.The

department'sreportsaidconsumersshouldbetoldmoreaboutwhydataarebeing

collectedaboutthemandhowtheyareused;anditcalledforstricterlimitsonwhat

companiescandowithinformationtheycollect.

WhateverlegislationfinallyemergesislikelytogiveabroaderroletotheFederal

TradeCommission(FTC),whichwillalmostcertainlybechargedwithdecidinghow

thoseprinciplesaretranslatedintopracticeandwithpolicingtheir

implementation.Amongotherthings,theFTCisknowntobekeenonaformal"do

nottrack"system,whichwouldallowuserstoblockcertainsitesfrommonitoring

theironlineactivities.

Keentoavoidthis,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeenworkingovertimeto

convincepolicymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusingsystemssuchasiconsonweb

pagesthatshowsurferswhentheyarebeingtracked.Anditiswarninganyonewho

willlistenthatconsumerswillsufferiftoughdo-not-trackruleshitad

revenuesjorcingwebfirmstochargeformorecontent.WithMr.Obamathrowinghis

weightbehindInternetprivacy,thisrearguardactionislesslikelytobe

successful.Someadfirmshavestartedtalkingofcreatingado-not-tracksystemof

theirown,thatwouldlimitthedamagetotheirdigitalactivities.

Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sInternetgiantscouldalsobenefit

fromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheirdealingswiththeEuropeanUnion.The

EU'salreadyfairlystrictrulesonprivacy—whichitconsidersafundamentalhuman

right—arebeingtightenedfurther.Thetime-consumingandexpensivelegalhoopsthe

EUmakesAmericanInternetfirmsjumpthrough,tobeallowedtohandleEuropeans'

onlinedata,willbecomemoredemanding.Ifbypassingitsownonline-privacy"billof

rights"AmericacanconvincetheEUtoeasethislegalburden,thenitwillbean

importantwinforAmericancompanies,saysJoelReidenberg,aprofessoratFordham

University'slawschool.Google,Facebookandotherswillnodoubtbetracking—both

onlineandoffline—theprogressofEU-Americantalksonthismatterveryclosely.

136［單選題"canbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatInternet

firms

A.incurredopposition.

B.raisedsuspicion.

C.receivedacclaim.

D.arousedcuriosity.

正確答案：A

參考解析：TheoutcryoverInternetfirms'habitofsurreptitiouslytracking

websurfers'activitieshasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.互聯(lián)

網(wǎng)公司喜歡偷偷追蹤網(wǎng)站瀏覽者的活動，由此引發(fā)的強烈抗議顯然已經(jīng)在白宮內(nèi)

部產(chǎn)生了共鳴，奧巴馬政府宣布將于國會合作出臺法案?？梢姡ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)公司的這

一嗜好遭到了強烈反對。A正確。

137［單選題］WhatistheutmostconcernofInternetcompaniesaboutthe

privacybill?

A.Moredemandingusers.

B.Overlappingdigitaldata.

C.Ever-increasinguserbase.

0.Shrinkingadrevenues.

正確答案：D

參考解析：Internetfirms'supremeworriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheir

advertising-drivenbusinessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargeting

consumerstomaximizerevenues.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司最大的擔憂是隱私法案的實行

可能會損害其以廣告為主的商業(yè)模式，這種模式通過跟蹤和鎖定消費者以使收入

最大化。所以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司擔憂的還是隱私法案對其收入的影響。D正確。

138［單選題］ofthefollowingistrueofdo-not-tracksystem

A.ItisinitiatedbytheFederalTradeCommission.

B.ltmakeswebfirmspassonthelossestoconsumers.

C.ltleadstoconflictsbetweenthegovernmentandfirms.

D.ltisincludedasafreeprogramoncomputers.

正確答案：B

參考解析：itiswarninganyonewhowilllistenthatconsumerswillsufferif

toughdo-not-trackruleshitadrevenues,forcingwebfirmstochargefor

morecontent.如果嚴格的"禁止追蹤"規(guī)定損害網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的廣告收入，遭殃的

將是消費者，因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司將被迫擴展付費業(yè)務(wù)。也就是將造成的損失轉(zhuǎn)嫁

到消費者身上。B正確。

139［單選題］Whatisthereactionoftheadcompaniestowardthe

do-not-tracksystem?

A.Areluctantobedience.

B.Astiffresistance.

C.Athreateningcompromise.

D.Ahesitantdefense.

正確答案：C

參考解析：Keentoavoidthis,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeen

workingovertimetoconvincepolicymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusing

systemssuchasiconsonwebpagesthatshowsurferswhentheyare

beingtracked.為了避免屏蔽系統(tǒng)的束縛，廣告公司妥協(xié)了，他們決定建立自己

的禁止跟蹤系統(tǒng)，以減輕數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)的沖擊。同時有可能將損失通過付費業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)嫁

到消費者身上。c正確。

140［單選題］Hcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

A.theEU'sprivacylawsaremorereliablethanthoseinAmerica.

B.European'sonlinedataisnotaccessibletoAmericanwebfirms.

C.privacyisnotregardedasafundamentalhumanrightinAmerica.

D.theprivacybillcouldhelpaswellashurtAmeriegswebcompanies.

正確答案：D

參考解析：Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sInternet

giantscouldalsobenefitfromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheir

dealingswiththeEuropeanUnion.盡管所有這些可能損害其收入，但如果這

項法案有助于美國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭與歐盟之間的業(yè)務(wù)往來，它們也可以從中受益。D

正確。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答141-145題

HowmuchshouldyouknowaboutPrinceCharles'sattemptstochangegovernment

policies?Since2005,theGuardianhasfoughttomakepublicletterssentbythe

princetoWhitehallministers.Noonedisputesthatthese"blackspidermemos"are

importantandofpublicinterest.Lastautumn,aFreedomofInformationtribunalof

threejudgesruledthattheyshouldbepublishedfor"transparencyastohowand

whenPrinceCharlesseekstoinfluencegovernment".Evenashevetoedthejudges'

decision,theattorneygeneral,DominicGrieve,admittedthatthe"advocacy

correspondence"showedtheprincedisagreeingwithgovernmentpolicy.Butto

preservethefictionthatthefuturemonarchispoliticallyneutral,Mr.Grieve

demandedthelettersbekeptsecret.

Withoutevenconsultingparliament,acabinetministerhasoverturnedacourt

verdict—andputhishandoverthepublic'seyestoshielditfrom

unpleasantness.Todaythreeseniorjudgesadmittedthattheyfoundthe

block"troublesome".Theveto'sveryexistence,saidthelordchiefjustice,was"a

constitutionalaberration".Thejudgeswenton："Itisnotquiteapernicious'HenryVIII

clause',whichenablesaministertooverridestatutebut,unconstrained,itwould

havethesamedamagingeffectontheruleoflaw."Yethavingpaintedthevetoas

indefensible,thejudgesthenelectedtoupholdit.Yearslater,anddespitealandmark

rulingbyaFoltribunal,membersofthepublicarestillnoclosertoseeinghowthe

PrinceofWalestriestoinfluencegovernmentstheyhaveelected.

For,makenomistake,thisismeddlingofthehighestorder.Governmentadvisershave

describedincourthowsuchroyalmemoswenttothe"topofthepile"andwere

"treatedwithgreatreverence".Theprince'sinterestsarewide-ranging—thelettersin

questionweresenttosevenWhitehalldepartments,fromtheDepartmentfor

BusinesstotheNorthernIrelandOffice—andhehasbeenenthusiasticinpursuing

them,writing27lettersinjustsevenmonthsbetween2004and2005.

Tobeclear,thiscorrespondencewasnotaboutroutineengagementsorpartofthe

prince'spreparationforkingship,whichwouldplacethemoutsidepublicationunder

theFreedomofInformationlawswhichhavesincebeenrestrictedfurthertoexempt

allPrinceCharles'scorrespondence.ByMr.Grieves'ownadmission,theseare

"particularlyfrank"lettersbywhichPrinceCharlesseekstoinfluencepublicpolicy.Yet

Britonsarenotpermittedtofindoutthenatureofthatinfluence：whathasbeen

demandedorwhathasbeengiven.ltisobviouswhatthepubliclosesbysuch

secrecy.ltislessclearhowmuchClarenceHousereallygainsbyhavingthevacuum

filledwithpartialleaksandinnuendo.Theshroudshouldnotbeleftinplace.

141［單選題］Theattorneygeneralvetoedthejudges'decisioninorder

to_____

A.showhisdisapprovalofgovernmentpolicies.

B.blockthepublicationoflettersfromCharles.

C.maintainthefalseimpressionofpoliticalneutrality.

D.callfortransparencyinlegaldecisions.

正確答案：C

參考解析：文章首段通過提問的方式指出了本文的中心：查爾斯王子究竟在多大

程度上影響著政府政策的制定。因為其涉及公共利益，法庭裁定查爾斯王子與政

府部長間的通信應(yīng)該被公開，而總檢察長盡管也認同查爾斯王子有干涉政府政策

的嫌疑，但是為了維持君主政治中立的假象，他不同意法院的判決，要求對信件

保密，故［C］正確。

142［單選題］匿canbeinferredfromParagraph2that

A.cabinetministersinterfereexcessivelyinpolities.

B.thevetowasdamagingconstitutionalimpartiality.

C.Briton'sSupremeCourtoverturnedtheinitialruling.

D.thepublicisentitledtoseehowthePrinceswaypolicies.

正確答案：D

參考解析：Yearslater,anddespitealandmarkrulingbyaFoltribunal,

membersofthepublicarestillnoclosertoseeinghowthePrinceof

Walestriestoinfluencegovernmentstheyhaveelected.盡管信息自由特

別法庭有了進步，但是公眾對查爾斯王子如何試圖影響政府的政策仍然不知情。

所以第二段按時公眾有權(quán)了解王子如何swaypolicies),

143［單選題/Theword"meddling"(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaning

to_____

A.frustration

B.intervention

C.confidentiality

D.disgrace

正確答案：B

參考解析frustration挫折、失敗intervention介入、干涉confidentiality機

密性disgrace丟臉、恥辱

Governmentadvisershavedescribedincourthowsuchroyalmemos

wenttothe"topofthepile"andwere"treatedwithgreatreverence".政

府顧問在法庭上描述了這些皇家備忘錄如何被歸為“最高文件”并且在處理中"被

賦予了極高的敬意"。第二句描述了這些信件備受關(guān)照，享受優(yōu)先權(quán)，后文也

提到王子信件關(guān)注范圍的廣泛，本段是對查爾斯王子信件本身的干預(yù)特征展開描

述。B正確。

144［單選題］Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat

A.theextenttowhichCharlesinfluencesthegovernmentisundefined.

B.thecurrentpublicpoliciesareseriouslyaffectedbytheroyalty.

C.Theattorneygeneral'svetoalterstheFreedomofInformationlaws.

D.Theauthorisfedupwiththeambiguityofroyalfamily'sstatements.

正確答案：A

參考解析：YetBritonsarenotpermittedtofindoutthenatureofthat

influence:whathasbeendemandedorwhathasbeengiven.格里夫先生

自己也承認，查爾斯王子這些"全面坦誠”的信件影響公共政策的制定。然后關(guān)

于影響的性質(zhì)英國人背蒙在鼓里。A正確。

145［單選題］ofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

A."Blackspidermemos"putspotlightonPrinceCharles'spoliticaloutreach.

B.AttorneygeneralblocksdisclosureofPrinceCharles'sletterstoministers.

CJudgesrulePrinceCharles'sletterstoministersshouldbedisclosed.

D.Thepublicstilldon'tknowhowPrinceCharleschangesgovernmentpolicies.

正確答案：D

參考解析：通過查爾斯王子給政府各部長的信件開始展開他對公共政策的影響，

最后一段可知，公眾對查爾斯王子是如何影響政府政策的還是一無所知。D正確。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答146-150題

Theroyalarchivesareatreasuryofdocumentsofnationalandinternational

importancethatstretchbackover250years,fromGeorgeIIItothepresent

queen.Forthisreasonalone,thecollectionsbelonginthepublicdomain,something

theroyalarchivistsrecognizedwiththeirdecisiontoputQueenVictoria'sjournals

online.Butitshouldnotbefortheroyalarchiviststodecideonanarbitrarybasiswhat

canbeseenandwhatcannot.LiketheNationalArchives—perhapsevenaspartof

it—thereshouldbeatransparentprocessthroughwhichroyaldocumentsrelatingto

stateaffairsaregenerallyavailable.

ThecurrentdisputeaboutthepublicationoffootageofayoungPrincessElizabeth

withheruncleandmotherperformingaNazisaluteforthecameraexplainswhythis

issuchaneuralgicissueforBuckinghamPalace.ltexactlyreflectstheambiguityatthe

centreofthemonarchy,wherethequeenisbothaprivatepersonandapartofthe

constitution.Astillframethatcapturestheprincessinagesturethatstrikesusnowas

abhorrentstillresonates,evenifin1933itwascommonplaceintheoftenanti-Jewish

upperclassestomakelightofHitler'santi-Semitism.Nowondertheroyalarchivistsat

Windsorguardthepapersoffather,uncleandgrandfatherwithsuchcare.

Nonetheless,itisanunacceptableanomalythatthegatekeepersofdocuments

relatingtoaffairsofstateshouldapparentlybemainlyconcernedwithconcealing

themfromthepublicgaze.Aglanceatthepapersofalmostanynationalfigureinthe

20thcenturyrevealshowdeeplytheactivitiesofthemonarchyinfusedpubliclife

beforetheQueencametothethronein1952.Andtheycontinuetodoso,whichis

whytheGuardianfoughta10-yearlegalbattleforthedisclosureofPrinceCharles's

letterstoministers.

Theacknowledgmentsincountlesshistoriesofthe20thcenturybetraythe

frustrationofacademicsattheruthlessexploitationbyroyalarchivistsoftheircontrol

overaccess.Theambiguityaroundthemonarchasaprivatepersonisusedeitherto

justifybanningaccessentirely,orasawayoflegitimizingascrutinybythepalacethat

moreorlessamountstoarightofcensorship.Theperceptionatleastisthataccessis

usuallygrantedonlytothosewriterswhocanbereliedupontopassfriendly

judgments.

Soitisanunusuallybrazenfictionfortheroyalarchiveswebsitetodeclarethatthe

royalhouseholdiscommittedtotransparency.Thisisaninstitutiontowhichfreedom

ofinformationdoesnotapply,becausetheroyalhouseholdwasnotdefinedasa

publicbodyinthe2000act.Papersinthecollectionsarenotdescribedaspublic

recordsasdefinedintherelevantlegislation.

Accessiscontrolledbyanunaccountablegroupwhoseactivity,whereitisvisibleatall,

worksmostoftentoobstruct,nottofacilitate.Thisisadeliberateandunacceptable

attempttothwartgenuineacademicendeavor.Theroyalfamilyreceiveslarge

amountsofpublicmoney,whichformostpeopleisjustifiedbytheirpublicwork.But

thatdoesnotmeanthattheirhistorycanbeshelteredfromthepublicgaze.

146［單選題］%eenVictoria'sjournalsarecitedbytheauthorto

A.supporttheroyaldecisionofarchivesaccesscontrol.

B.defendthepublicownershipofroyalarchives.

C.criticizethearbitrarinessofroyalmanagement.

0.proposealeadingexampleofarchivesrelease.

正確答案：B

參考解析：Forthisreasonalone,thecollectionsbelonginthepublic

domain,somethingtheroyalarchivistsrecognizedwiththeirdecisionto

putQueenVictoria'sjournalsonline.第一句提到了皇家檔案屬于公共產(chǎn)品，

后一句提到了將女王的日記發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上。也就是再一次說明了，它的公共屬性。

B正確。

147Whatjustifiesthecautioushandlingofroyaldocumentsby

thearchivists?

A.Mismanagementofroyalarchivesmaybreachtheconstitution.

B.Unfaithfulexposurecoulddeliverafalsesignaltothepublic.

C.Improperrevelationmaypossiblycausenegativesocialeffect.

0.Mishandlingmayincurconflictbetweentheroyaltyandthepublic.

正確答案：C

參考解析：Thecurrentdisputeaboutthepublicationoffootageofayoung

PrincessElizabethwithheruncleandmotherperformingaNazisalutefor

thecameraexplainswhythisissuchaneuralgicissueforBuckingham

Palace.伊麗莎白公主行納粹軍禮的鏡頭被曝光給公眾帶來的震動令白金漢宮大

傷腦筋，所以皇家檔案管理人員如此謹慎大的保護資料。C正確。

148［單選題］WHSofthefollowingisshowntobeabnormalaccording

totheauthor?

A.Theuniquedoubleidentitiespossessedbythemonarch.

B.Theindifferenceofroyalarchiviststowardthepubliclife.

C.Theshortageofeffortsfromthepublicforthed