2025高考英語(yǔ)步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2必修第三冊(cè)　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures

2025高考英語(yǔ)步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．fortunecookie幸運(yùn)曲奇2．gumbon．秋葵湯(用秋葵莢做的濃雞湯或海鮮湯)3．nachosn．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片4．chipn．(英)炸土豆條；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片5．cheesen．干酪；奶酪6．spicyadj.加有香料的；辛辣的7．ethnicadj.具有民族特色的；異國(guó)風(fēng)味的；民族的；種族的8．graffitin．[pl.]涂鴉；胡寫(xiě)亂畫(huà)9．comicn．連環(huán)畫(huà)雜志；漫畫(huà)雜志；喜劇演員adj.滑稽的；使人發(fā)笑的10．immigrantn．(外來(lái))移民；外僑11．chinan．瓷；瓷器12．jazzn．爵士樂(lè)13．barn．酒吧；小吃店；小館子14．diagramn．簡(jiǎn)圖；圖解；圖表；示意圖15．Atlanticadj.大西洋的16．jeansn．牛仔褲17．bootn．靴子18．mushroomn．蘑菇；蕈19．a(chǎn)ccessoryn．配飾；附件；配件20．souvenirn．紀(jì)念物；紀(jì)念品21．taichi太極拳22．herbaladj.藥草的；香草的Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．definitelyadv.肯定；確實(shí)2．downtownadv.在市中心；往市中心3．missionn．傳教(區(qū))；重要任務(wù)；使命4．districtn．地區(qū)；區(qū)域5．a(chǎn)fterwards(NAmEusuallyafterward)adv.以后；后來(lái)6．seekvt.&vi.(sought，sought)尋找；尋求；爭(zhēng)?。?向人)請(qǐng)求7．journaln．日志；日記；報(bào)紙；刊物8．claimvt.&n．奪取(生命)；宣稱；斷言9．seriesn．一系列；連續(xù)；接連10．escapevi.&vt.逃走；逃脫；避開(kāi)n．逃跑；逃脫；解脫11．superadv.特別；格外adj.頂好的；超級(jí)的12．percentagen．百分率；百分比13．climaten．氣候14．mildadj.溫和的；和善的；輕微的15．materialn．材料；布料；素材adj.物質(zhì)的；實(shí)際的16．clothingn．衣服；服裝17．itemn．項(xiàng)目；一件商品(或物品)；一條(新聞)18．neatadj.極好的；整潔的；整齊的Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．diverseadj.不同的；多種多樣的→diversityn．差異(性)；不同(點(diǎn))；多樣性2．fortunen．機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣→fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地3．a(chǎn)dmitvi.&vt.承認(rèn)vt.準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入(或加入)→admissionn．準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn)；入場(chǎng)費(fèi)4．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→occurrencen．發(fā)生；發(fā)生的事5．historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的→historyn．歷史→historicadj.有歷史意義的；歷史性的6．earnvt.&vi.掙得；賺得；贏得；博得→earningn．收入；收益7．selectvt.選擇；挑選；選拔→selectionn．選擇；挑選→selectiveadj.選擇性的；有選擇的8．minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)人→minoradj.次要的；較小的9．financialadj.財(cái)政的；財(cái)務(wù)的；金融的→financiallyadv.金融上地；財(cái)政上地→financen．財(cái)政；金融10．poetryn．詩(shī)集；詩(shī)歌；詩(shī)作→poetn．詩(shī)人→poemn．詩(shī)歌11．poisonousadj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poisonn．毒物；毒藥；毒素vt.毒死；毒害12．foldvt.包；裹；折疊vt.&vi.(可)折??；(可)疊平→unfoldvt.打開(kāi)；展開(kāi)13．collectionn．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collectvt.搜集；收藏14．settlevt.&vi.定居；結(jié)束(爭(zhēng)論)；解決(糾紛)→settlementn．解決；定居→settlern．殖民者；移居者15．constructionn．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短語(yǔ)等的)結(jié)構(gòu)→constructvt.建設(shè)；建造16．suitvt.適合；滿足……需要；相配；合身n．西服；套裝→suitableadj.合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)摹鷖uitablyadv.合適地17．containvt.包含；含有；容納→containern．容器1．proverb/'pr?v??b/n．諺語(yǔ)；格言2．fulfilling/f?l'fIlI?/adj.讓人感覺(jué)有意義的；令人滿足的→fulfil/f?l'fIl/vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；履行；符合3．potent/'p??tnt/adj.強(qiáng)大的；強(qiáng)有力的；有強(qiáng)效的4．idleness/'aIdln?s/n．閑散狀態(tài)→idle/'aIdl/adj.閑散的vt.&vi.混時(shí)間；閑蕩5．disheartening/dIs'hɑ?tnI?/adj.令人沮喪的6．nonetheless/?n?ne?'les/adv.(alsononetheless)盡管如此7．seminar/'semInɑ?(r)/n．研討課；研討會(huì)8．stem/stem/vt.阻止；封堵；遏止n．(花草的)莖；(花或葉的)梗9．confess/k?n'fes/vi.&vt.承認(rèn)；坦白；供認(rèn)10．divorce/dI'v??s/vi.&vt.離婚；使分離n．離婚；分離Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．headto(朝……)前進(jìn)；(向……)去2．seekone’sfortune尋找成功致富之路；闖世界3．earnaliving謀生4．seriesof一系列或一連串(事件)5．a(chǎn)partfrom(especiallyNAmEasidefrom)除了……外(還)；此外6．bringabout導(dǎo)致；引起7．tonamebutafew僅舉幾例8．(at)firsthand第一手；親自9．usedtodosth過(guò)去常常做某事10．turninto變成Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.(what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句)多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。2．Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills...(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔……3．Toearnaliving，someopenedupshopsandrestaurantsinChinatown.(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))為了謀生，有些人在唐人街開(kāi)商店、開(kāi)餐館。4．ThemuseumdidareallygoodjobofshowinghowAmericawasbuiltbyimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesandcultures.(how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)這家博物館完美地展示了美國(guó)是如何由不同國(guó)家和文化的移民建設(shè)起來(lái)的。5．WhatstartedasaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrantsthenturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.(what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)這里原本是中國(guó)移民的居住地，后來(lái)變成一個(gè)中華文化中心。6．ThemajorityofresidentsinChinatownarestillethnicChinese，manyofwhomdonotspeakEnglishfluently.(“代詞/名詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)唐人街的絕大多數(shù)居民依舊是華人，他們中很多人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得并不流利。Ihadalwaysbeenattractedtoethniccultures.So1.____________(wear)myjeansandboots，IwenttoDali，YunnanProvince，whichis2.____________districtofdiverseminoritiesandhasamildclimate.Itwouldbea3.____________(definite)superexperience.Infact，atfirst，Ithoughttherewouldbealargepercentageofconstructions4.____________(make)ofprimitivematerialsduetofinancialdifficulty.However，itturnedoutthatthedowntownareacontainedneatbarsinwhichjazzwasplayedandshops5.__________specialclothing，accessories，souvenirsandchina，tonamebutafewwereforsale.Touristscanalwaysselectwhatsuitsthem6.____________(well)．Manypeoplearemigrantsfromotherplaces.Somecome7.__________(seek)theirfortuneorearnalivingwhileotherssettledowntoescapefromthecoldnorthofChina.Afterwards，IheadedtoaneighborhoodwheretheBaiethnicgrouplived.Ihadthefortunetoparticipateinaseriesof8.____________(activity)，includingidentifyingpoisonousmushrooms，learningaboutherbalmedicine,9.____________collectingitemsuniquetotheBai.Apartfromthese，Itastedsomeauthenticlocalfoodswhichwerespeciallyspicybutdelicious.Whatan10.____________(amaze)experienceitwas！提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯fortunen．機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣；大筆的錢；財(cái)富；命運(yùn)[fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的(＝lucky)fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地(＝luckily)misfortunen．不幸unfortunateadj.不幸的]?seek/tryone’sfortune找出路；碰運(yùn)氣makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)；賺錢havethegoodfortunetodosth有幸做某事?befortunatetodosth/indoingsth有幸做某事(1)ManyimmigrantsheadedtoCaliforniatoseektheir____________(fortunate)butendedupdoingdiverseoddjobstoearnaliving.(2)他決定到市區(qū)去碰碰運(yùn)氣，看看能不能發(fā)財(cái)。他有幸得到了市長(zhǎng)的幫助，并且幸運(yùn)地成功開(kāi)辦了自己的公司。Hedecidedto______________________downtowntosee______________________.He________________________________getthehelpofthemayorandsuccessfullystartedhisownbusiness__________.admitvi.&vt.承認(rèn)vt.準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入(或加入)(admissionn．準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn)；入場(chǎng)費(fèi))beadmittedinto/to被……錄?。槐弧邮誥dmitdoingsth/havingdonesth承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事admitsb/sthtobe＋adj./n.承認(rèn)某人/某物(事)為……(1)Itissaidthat____________(admit)totheconcertis￡5andasaresult，Ideterminetoenjoyit.(2)Theboyadmitted________________________(cheat)intheexaminationandsincerelyapologizedtohisteacher.→Theboyadmittedthat________________________________________________.(3)只有達(dá)到特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人才可以參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。Onlythosewhohavereachedthespecificstandard________________________________________________________________________________.(4)得知你已被北京大學(xué)錄取，我寫(xiě)信真誠(chéng)地祝賀你。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之祝賀信)____________________________________，Iamwritingtooffersincerecongratulationstoyou.escapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；泄漏；避開(kāi)；被忘掉n．逃跑；逃脫；解脫(escapedadj.逃跑了的)?escapefrom從……逃脫，從……逃跑escapedoingsth避開(kāi)做某事?haveanarrowescape死里逃生(1)Itwasclaimedthataprisonerhadescaped____________theprison，whichshockedthepublic.(2)Youarefortunateenoughtoescape__________________(kill)intheaccidentandthe____________(escape)driverhasbeenarrested.(3)最后，我們九死一生，幸運(yùn)地躲過(guò)了饑餓的北極熊的傷害。(2020·浙江7月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))________________________________________________________________________(4)這個(gè)女孩看起來(lái)很面熟，但不知怎么的，我忘了她的名字。Thegirllooksquitefamiliar，but____________________________________somehow.settlevi.定居；安家vt.使定居；(使)平靜下來(lái)；結(jié)束(爭(zhēng)論)；解決(糾紛)(settlementn．定居；協(xié)議；解決settlern．移居者；殖民者)settledown(使)安定；安居；平靜下來(lái)；舒適地坐下/躺下settlein/into安頓下來(lái)；習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)settledownto(doing)sth開(kāi)始認(rèn)真(做)某事(1)Themomentthe____________(settle)landedonthecontinent，theysettleddownto____________(earn)theirlivingindiverseways.(2)我很榮幸看到熊貓項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展，看到熊貓們?cè)谛录野差D下來(lái)。(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelopand____________________________________________________________________________________________________.(3)他們沖下車，搭起帳篷，舒適地坐在草地上，欣賞著周圍令人驚嘆的景象。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作鏈描寫(xiě))Theydashedoutofthecar，putupthetentand________________________，enjoyingthesurroundingbreathtakingsights.bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致bringup撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐bringin引進(jìn)；獲利；賺錢bringout出版；使顯現(xiàn)bringdown使倒下；減少；降低bringback把……帶回來(lái)；使回憶起；使恢復(fù)用bring短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空(1)Idon’tclearlyrememberwho________________thequestionbutrememberitdefinitely______________________aheateddiscussion.(2)Thereasonwhydiversegoodsaresoldatsuchalowpriceisthatthemanufacturersarewillingto________________thepriceinreturnforbigvolumepurchases.(3)Thepictureoften____________tomeseriesofhappymemoriesofmyhighschooldays.(4)Theideahe____________twomonthsagohas____________alotmoremoneyforthebar.(5)Asateacher，Ihavethegoodfortuneto____________thebestinmystudents.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills...這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔……?句中manysittingontopofbighills是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，在許多情況下相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。?獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/todo/adj./adv./n./介詞短語(yǔ)(1)我緊張地看著爸爸，雙腿顫抖著，心狂跳著。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě))Ilookedatmyfathernervously，________________________________________________.(2)心中有夢(mèng)想，我堅(jiān)信你會(huì)成功的。________________________，Iamfirmlyconvincedthatyouwillmakeitintheend.(3)她抬起頭，悲傷地盯著我，眼淚奪眶而出。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))Sheraisedherheadandstaredatmesorrowfully，____________________________________.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．settleeq\x(A.定居；安頓B.解決C.最終確定D.使平靜下來(lái)，安靜下來(lái)E.降落；停留)(1)Itriedtosettlethecryingbabydown，butinvain.________(2)ThedisagreementwassosharpthatneitherhenorIknewhowtosettleit.(2022·全國(guó)甲)________(3)Withnoonelivinginitforweeks，dusthassettledoneverythinginthehouse.________(4)Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.(2021·全國(guó)甲)________(5)It’sallsettled—we’releavingonthenineo’clockplane._________2．claimeq\x(A.vt.宣稱B.vt.索回C.n.要求D.vt.認(rèn)領(lǐng)E.vt.奪走)(1)Heartdiseaseisthebiggestkiller，claiming180,000livesperyear.________(2)Itisclaimedthatsomedoctorsareworking80hoursaweek.________(3)Youcanclaimyourmoneybackifthegoodsaredamaged.________(4)Herepeatedlypushedforwardhisownclaim.________(5)Iftheownerdoesn’tclaimthedogin48hours，youcanapplyforadoption.________3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Myfathercouldhardlycontainhisprideinme.____________(2)Itisnosurprisingthatheearnedpraiseforhishonesty.____________(3)Itsuitstheaudienceandthepurposeandgetsthejobdone.(2022·浙江6月)____________(4)Themediatrainingindustryhasmushroomedoverthepastdecade.____________(5)Learningthatourschooltennisclubisadmittingnewmembers，Icanhardlywaittoinviteyoutojoin.____________Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Whenitcomestoachainoflearningmethods，Imustmakeaproper____________(select)．2．Jimwasbittenbyadoginthepark.____________(fortune)，heonlygotslightlyinjured.3．Mycolleagueadmitted____________________(complain)agreatdealaboutincome.4．Thekindnessofthefamilybrought__________myfaithinhumanityandIwouldtrytobringwarmthtoothersinthefuture.(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華)5．Iboughta____________(collect)offirstaidbooks，whichcompletelysuitedmytaste.6．Thephysicianwantedtoescape____________(take)responsibilityforthemedicalmalpractice.7.Therefore，apartfrom____________(be)funandgoodexercise，swimmingisaveryusefulskill.8．Yourjeansarenot____________(suit)forsuchaformaloccasion，soyou’dbetterreplaceitwithasuit.9．TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems，preservingbiological____________(diverse)andprotectingecologicalbufferzones”．(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)10．Itsuddenlyoccurredtome____________Ihadmissedtheappointedtime.2022·浙江1月假定你是李華，在“中國(guó)－愛(ài)爾蘭文化節(jié)”活動(dòng)中結(jié)識(shí)了愛(ài)爾蘭朋友Chris，現(xiàn)在他已回國(guó)，請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.回憶活動(dòng)經(jīng)歷；2.分享個(gè)人收獲；3.希望保持聯(lián)系。完成句子1．為促進(jìn)兩國(guó)文化交流，上月在我市舉辦了“中國(guó)－愛(ài)爾蘭文化節(jié)”。(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．兩國(guó)的一些學(xué)生代表出席了藝術(shù)節(jié)，其中許多人是第一次參加這樣的活動(dòng)。(全部倒裝；“代詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．這個(gè)節(jié)日非常成功，學(xué)生代表們游覽了城市，進(jìn)行了精彩的表演，并交換了意見(jiàn)。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．給我印象最深的是文化之夜，來(lái)自兩國(guó)的人們展示了他們精心準(zhǔn)備的藝術(shù)表演。(what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．幸運(yùn)的是，我們?cè)诨顒?dòng)中認(rèn)識(shí)了對(duì)方，愿我們保持聯(lián)系，友誼長(zhǎng)存。(Itisfortunatethat...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教材語(yǔ)料整合亮詞[情感描寫(xiě)]fortunen．→fortunateadj.→unfortunateadj.；mild；feelgood；excited；super；cool；soundsgreat[動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)]admit；occur；headto；seek；earnaliving；select；claim；escape；fold；settle；suit；experiencetraditionalChineseculturefirsthand；experiencearealtasteofChina；practisetaichi美句1.Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.(情感描寫(xiě))2．Iwalkedaroundlookingatthestreetartforafewhours.(動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))3．Manyothersfoundjobsonfarms，joinedthegoldrush，orwenttobuildtherailwaythatjoinedCaliforniatotheeasternregionofthecountry.(動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))4．Theclimateismildallyearround，meaningitisalwaysagoodtimetovisit.(環(huán)境描寫(xiě))5．Visitorscanalsospendhoursjustexploringtheinterestingsights，smells，andsoundsofChina.(動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))拓展語(yǔ)料積累動(dòng)作細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)：哭泣流淚(二)單詞mistyadj.淚眼模糊的；wateryadj.眼淚汪汪的；tearfuladj.眼含熱淚的；crocodiletearsn．鱷魚(yú)眼淚，假哭詞塊tearscloudone’seyes淚水模糊了雙眼；tearswellupinone’seyes熱淚盈眶；tearsroll/stream/run/flowdownone’scheeks淚水滑落臉龐；bewetwithtears/intears淚流滿面；beclosetotears快要哭了；withalumpinone’sthroat喉嚨哽咽；breakdown崩潰大哭句型1.Hestoodsilently，tearsrollingdownhischeeks，whilethemusicplayed.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))音樂(lè)聲響起時(shí)，他靜靜地站著，淚水順著臉頰淌下來(lái)。2.TherewasalumpinmythroatandIdidn’tspeakbecauseIknewIwouldcry.我哽咽了，沒(méi)有說(shuō)話，因?yàn)槲抑牢視?huì)哭的。3.Ileftquickly，notwantingtobreakdowninfrontofthechildren.我趕快離開(kāi)了，因?yàn)槲也幌朐诤⒆觽兠媲按罂蕖?.Realizingshewouldnevercomebacktothelandandneverseeherdearfriendsandteachers，Emma’seyeswentredandwatery.想到她將不會(huì)再回到這片土地上，再也見(jiàn)不到她親愛(ài)的朋友和老師了，?，旊p眼發(fā)紅，淚水盈盈。5.Hiswifepassedawaylastweek.Atthattimeheshedafewcrocodiletearsandnowhe’spreparingforhisweddingagain.上周他的妻子去世了，那時(shí)他假惺惺地掉了幾滴眼淚，但現(xiàn)在他又準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚了。語(yǔ)料運(yùn)用文化交流Istillrememberthetimewhen①____________anexchangestudentinthiscountry.Whengettingthenews，②________________________.Here，Ihadaverypleasanttime，③________________________________________________(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))andmakingalotofgreatfriends.However，asthesayinggoes，allgoodthingscometoanend.Evenso，whenthinkingaboutthemoment，④______________________________.Whenthedayreallycame，⑤________________________.⑥____________________(獨(dú)立主格)，Ifinallypickedupmyself，gatheredmycourageanddeterminedtobadefarewelltoallmyfriendsinParis.我還記得我有幸被選為這個(gè)國(guó)家的交換生的時(shí)候。得到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我?guī)缀跻蘖?。在這里，我度過(guò)了一段非常愉快的時(shí)光，親身體驗(yàn)了真正的法國(guó)文化，結(jié)交了許多極好的朋友。然而，俗話說(shuō)，天下沒(méi)有不散的筵席。即便如此，當(dāng)我想起那一刻時(shí)，眼淚還是會(huì)順著臉頰滾落。當(dāng)那一天真的到來(lái)時(shí)，我?guī)缀醣罎⒘恕Ｑ劬駶?rùn)，我終于振作起來(lái)，鼓起勇氣，決心向我在巴黎的所有朋友告別。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．a(chǎn)stronautn．宇航員；太空人2．proceduren．程序；步驟；手續(xù)3．cmabbr.(centimetreorcentimeter)厘米4．rocketn．火箭；火箭彈5．gravityn．重力；引力6．frontiern．邊境；國(guó)界；邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)7．vehiclen．交通工具；車輛8．satelliten．人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星9．orbitn．(環(huán)繞地球、太陽(yáng)等運(yùn)行的)軌道；勢(shì)力范圍vt.&vi.沿軌道運(yùn)行；環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行10．giantadj.巨大的；偉大的n．巨人；巨獸；偉人11．leapn．跳躍；劇增；劇變vi.&vt.(leapt，leaptorleaped，leaped)跳過(guò)；躍過(guò)12．a(chǎn)gencyn．(政府的)專門機(jī)構(gòu)；服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)；代理處13．transmitvt.&vi.傳輸；發(fā)送14．datan．[pl.]資料；數(shù)據(jù)15．spacewalkn．太空行走；太空行走的時(shí)間16．jaden．玉；翡翠；玉器17．solaradj.太陽(yáng)的；太陽(yáng)能的18．solarsystem太陽(yáng)系；類太陽(yáng)系19．sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的20．soapn．肥皂21．microwaven．(alsomicrowaveoven)微波爐22．tissuen．紙巾；(人、動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的)組織23．facilityn．設(shè)施；設(shè)備24．fataladj.致命的；災(zāi)難性的25．high-endadj.高端的26．foamn．泡沫橡膠；泡沫27．pillown．枕頭28．smartphonen．智能手機(jī)29．closingadj.結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的n．停業(yè)；關(guān)閉；倒閉Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．launchvt.&n．發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市2．mankindn．人類3．signalvt.&vi.標(biāo)志著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號(hào)n．信號(hào)；標(biāo)志4．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用5．musclen．肌肉；實(shí)力；影響力6．floatvi.浮動(dòng)；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮動(dòng)；使漂流7．otherwiseadv.否則；要不然8．beyondprep.在更遠(yuǎn)處；超出9．currentadj.當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的n．水流；電流；思潮10．toweln．毛巾；抹布11．keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的12．shallowadj.膚淺的；淺的13．patternn．模式；圖案；模范14．monitorn．監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測(cè)儀vt.監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測(cè)；監(jiān)控15．resourcen．資源；財(cái)力；物力16．oxygenn．氧；氧氣Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．mentaladj.精神的；思想的→mentallyadv.精神上地2．intelligentadj.有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的→intelligencen．智慧3．determinedadj.有決心的；意志堅(jiān)定的→determinevt.查明；確定；決定→determinationn．決心；果斷4．disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn．失望；沮喪5．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirableadj.值得做的6．independentadj.獨(dú)立的；自立的→independentlyadv.獨(dú)立地；自立地→independencen．獨(dú)立；自立→dependvi.依靠7．lackvt.缺乏；沒(méi)有n．缺乏；短缺→lackingadj.缺乏的；不足的8．globen．地球；世界；地球儀→globaladj.全球的；全面的9．a(chǎn)rguevt.&vi.論證；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)論→argumentn．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵；論點(diǎn)10．a(chǎn)nalysisn．(pl.analyses)(對(duì)事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果→analyz(s)ev．分析11．regularadj.定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的→regularlyadv.有規(guī)律地；經(jīng)常；定期地→irregularadj.無(wú)規(guī)律的；不定期的12．limitedadj.有限的→limitless/unlimitedadj.無(wú)限的→limitvt.&n．限制13．mysteryn．神秘事物；謎→mysteriousadj.神秘的14．a(chǎn)ttachvt.系；綁；貼→attachedadj.附著的；依戀的→attachmentn．附件；附屬品；依戀1．a(chǎn)ccustomed/?'k?st?md/adj.習(xí)慣于；通常的2．cherish/'t?erI?/vt.抱有(信念、希望)；懷念；珍愛(ài)3．exhausted/Iɡ'z??stId/adj.筋疲力盡的；枯竭的4．whatsoever/?w?ts??'ev?(r)/adv.絲毫(不)；一點(diǎn)也(不)5．spontaneous/sp?n'teIni?s/adj.自發(fā)的；自然的6．unprecedented/?n'presIdentId/adj.前所未有的；空前的7．earnest/'??nIst/adj.非常認(rèn)真的；真誠(chéng)的8．invade/In'veId/vi.&vt.武裝入侵；侵略；侵犯9．surrender/s?'rend?(r)/vi.&vt.投降；(被迫)放棄，交出n．投降；屈服；屈從10．capture/'k?pt??(r)/n．(被)捕獲；(被)俘獲vt.俘虜；俘獲；捕獲Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．carryon繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干2．onboard在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機(jī)上3．inthehopeofdoingsth抱著……的希望4．soasto(dosth)為了；以便5．figureout弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．resultin導(dǎo)致；造成7．a(chǎn)saresult所以；結(jié)果(是)8．provideforsb提供生活所需9．inclosing最后10．runout用完；耗盡Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.(otherwise引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句)宇航員在太空工作時(shí)，不得不用膠帶把所有的東西固定下來(lái)，否則所有的東西都會(huì)飄走。2．Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.(主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋todo...)把人送到其他星球甚至太陽(yáng)系以外不是一個(gè)容易達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。3．Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))首先，太空探索已經(jīng)在對(duì)抗世界饑餓的斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。4．Asaresult，space-basedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeedEarth’sincreasingpopulation.(現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ))因此，基于太空的科學(xué)有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量，從而為地球上不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口提供充足的食物。Mankindhasmanagedtocreatefacilitiesandvehiclestocarryastronautsintotheuniverse.Theylaunchrockets1.____________(carry)satellites.Manyintelligentpeoplearoundtheglobearedeterminedtodevote2.____________(they)tospaceexploration，eventhoughfatalspacedisasterswhichkilledastronautsonboardmakethem3.____________(disappoint)．Besides，whenlivinginspace，theastronautshavetorecycledirtywatersoastouseitlater.4.__________lackofgravity，theirmusclesbecomeweak.Theyhavetotapeeverythingup,5.____________theywouldfloataround.Theyalsoneedtofigureoutawaytostoresufficientfoodandoxygen.However，people’sdesire6.__________(explore)spaceneverdies.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosendhumansintospaceindependently.ThissignalsagiantleapforwardforChina.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstop7.____________(waste)timeandmoneyonspaceexploration，8.____________isashallowview.Ourplanet’sresourcesarelimited，andasaresult，weshouldfindanewhometoprovidefortheever9.__________(increase)population.Inclosing，weattachgreatimportancetosolvingthemysteryaboutspaceandwillcarryonwithspaceexploration10.________(regular)．提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的(disappointvt.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn．失望，沮喪)·bedisappointedat/with/by...對(duì)……感到失望bedisappointedtodosth對(duì)做某事感到失望bedisappointedthat...對(duì)……失望·toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是(1)Althoughbeingmonitoredcanbefrustratingand________(disappoint)，itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou.(2)Totheirdisappointment，theyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))①____________________________________wasthattheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(用what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě))②TheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt，_____________________________________________________________.(用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě))desiren．渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望(desirableadj.值得做的)·haveadesiretodosth渴望做某事haveadesireforsth渴望得到某物·desiretodosth渴望做某事desiresbtodosth渴望某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望……(1)Theboyhasastrongdesire____________asmartphonewithalargeinternalmemorytoplaygames.(2)Wedesirethatsuchmeaningfulactivities________________(hold)onaregularbasis.(3)得知你有強(qiáng)烈的學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)的愿望，我寫(xiě)信給你一些實(shí)用的建議。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)Learningthatyou______________________________，Iamwritingtoofferyoursomepracticalsuggestions.lackvt.缺乏；缺少；沒(méi)有n．缺乏；短缺(lackingadj.不足的；缺乏的)·(a)lackof缺少……for/throughlackof因缺少……·belackingin在……方面缺乏(1)Forlack____________sufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.(2)一些學(xué)生可能會(huì)覺(jué)得與不熟悉的人一起練習(xí)不舒服，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺乏參與，阻礙他們?cè)谡n程中的進(jìn)步。(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Somestudentsmayfeeluncomfortablepracticingwithsomeonetheydon’tknowwell，________________________________________________andhindertheirprogressinthecourse.(3)盡管這對(duì)雙胞胎缺乏烹飪經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他們通過(guò)上網(wǎng)尋求建議來(lái)彌補(bǔ)。(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))①Thoughthey________________________________________________，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.②____________________________________，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.(用省略句改寫(xiě))

arguevt.&vi.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；論證(argumentn．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵；論點(diǎn))·arguewithsbabout/oversth因某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵/爭(zhēng)論arguefor/against(doing)sth據(jù)理贊成/反對(duì)(做)某事arguesbinto/outofdoingsth說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事·beyondargument無(wú)可爭(zhēng)論(1)Itisbeyond____________(argue)thatChineseastronautshavemadegiantcontributionstotheworldspaceexploration.(2)我本想說(shuō)服他接受我的意見(jiàn)，但很快我意識(shí)到，和他爭(zhēng)論這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有用，因?yàn)樗虉?zhí)了。Ihadintendedto__________________________________，butsoonIrealized__________________________________，becausehewastoostubborn.(3)根據(jù)上面的表格，65%的學(xué)生贊成聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲而18%的學(xué)生主張他們可以通過(guò)讀英語(yǔ)名著來(lái)提高他們的英語(yǔ)水平。(2022·全國(guó)乙，書(shū)面表達(dá))Basedontheabovechart，________________________________________________________.attachvt.系；綁；貼；把……固定；重視(attachedadj.附加的；依戀的，愛(ài)慕的attachmentn．附件；附屬品；依戀)·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……綁在……上attachimportance/significance/value/weightto...認(rèn)為……有重要性/意義/價(jià)值/分量·beattachedto喜歡，依戀；附屬于(1)Withtimegoingby，Claireseemedtobemore____________(attach)toTony，therobot.(2)如果你能抽出一些時(shí)間來(lái)審查這封電子郵件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改，我將不勝感激。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之求助信)Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldsparesometimetoreviewthedraftscript____________________________________andmakenecessarychanges.(3)在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中，你再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀的重要性也不為過(guò)。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)__________________________________________duringtheprocessoflearningalanguage.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在樹(shù)上，愜意地躺在里面，聽(tīng)著他最喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作鏈描寫(xiě))Hetookoutthehammock，________________________andlayinitcomfortably，listeningtohisfavoritemusic.resultin導(dǎo)致；造成·resultfrom由……導(dǎo)致；因……而產(chǎn)生·asaresult因此asaresultof由于……withoutresult沒(méi)有結(jié)果；徒勞地(1)用result短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空Misunderstandings________________________lackofsocialcommunicationand，ifnothandledproperly，may____________moreseriousproblems.____________，weshouldmastersufficientcommunicatingskills.(2)這次活動(dòng)不僅將提供一個(gè)了解中國(guó)文化的機(jī)會(huì)，而且將增進(jìn)相互理解和友誼。(2023·天津6月，書(shū)面表達(dá))NotonlywilltheactivityprovideanopportunitytolearnabouttheChineseculture____________________________________________________________.runout用完；耗盡(物作主語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))runoutof用光，用完(人作主語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐；追求runinto撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻煩等)用run短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空(1)Themomentwe____________acutewildrabbit，werodeourhorsesand____________itinexcitement.(2)David’senergywas________________butwhenheheardloudcheersfromtheotherkids，hewasplodding(步履艱難)hiswaytowardsthefinishingline，bathedinsweat.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))(3)Ihad____________allmypatienceandIbegantoexplodewithanger.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.首先，太空探索已經(jīng)在對(duì)抗世界饑餓的斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。exploringspace是動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作主語(yǔ)。單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上用復(fù)數(shù)，doing作主語(yǔ)還有以下情況：(1)it作形式主語(yǔ)：Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.“做某事沒(méi)用?！?；Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.“做某事浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?！?2)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞＋doing作主語(yǔ)。(1)Keepingakeenmindandbeingdetermined______(be)whatittakestobesuccessful.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼兒，但是我知道感到害怕是沒(méi)用的，找到走出森林的路才是我現(xiàn)在必須做的事情。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之恐懼心理描寫(xiě))____________________________________mademyheartinmymouth.ButIknewthat____________________________________________and_________________________waswhatImustdorightnow.(3)在我看來(lái)，玩電腦游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Inmyopinion，________________________________________________.(4)他考試又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低著頭。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之羞愧心理描寫(xiě))________________________madehimashamedandhehungdownhisheadinshame.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．currentA.adj.現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的B.adj.流通的C.n.氣流D.n.潮流(1)Somebirdsusewarmaircurrentstohelpthemfly.________(2)ThecurrentmoneyinChinaisRenminbi.________(3)Weshouldtryourbesttogowiththecurrentofthetimes.________(4)Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity，“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform，possiblywithinadecade，certainlywithinthiscentury，”Johnsonsaidinanemail.(2021·北京)________2．otherwiseA.adv.以其他方式B.adv.否則；要不然C.adv.除此以外(1)Seizethechance，otherwiseyouwon’tenjoythebeautifultraditionalChinesepaintings.(2021·浙江6月)________(2)Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwisethehousewassilent.________(3)Itisnotpermittedtosellorotherwisedistributecopiesofpastexaminationpapers.________3．launcheq\x(A.發(fā)射衛(wèi)星等B.創(chuàng)辦；發(fā)行C.發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起運(yùn)動(dòng)、戰(zhàn)役等D.新產(chǎn)品投入市場(chǎng))(1)ItisconfirmedthatChinawilllaunchmorespacecraftstothemooninthefollowingyear.________(2)Thepolicehavelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase，whichhasresultedingreatconcernsnationwide.________(3)TheIdlerwaslaunchedbyTomHodgkinson，backin1993.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，聽(tīng)力)________(4)Afterthelaunchoftheproducts，theyhavewongoodpraisesfromcustomersfortheirconvenientandhigh-efficientsuperiorproperties.________4．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked，aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，“off-line”activity.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)____________(2)Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren，butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)____________(3)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)____________(4)Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown，yourlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit.(2020·天津7月)____________Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．MrSmithis____________(determine)toseekhisfortuneinth