山東省濟(jì)南市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析

PAGEPAGE22山東省濟(jì)南市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）留意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEducatoroftheYearContestDoyouknowanoutstandingjuniorhighorhighschoolteacher,coach,guidanceadvisor,librarian,orheadmaster?Nominate（提名）thatspecialpersonyou'llalwaysrememberandgivehim/herthechancetoberecognizedinTeenink!Guidelines■Thenationalmagazinewillonlyconsideressayswrittenbyteens,andnominationsmustbeforjuniorhighorhighschooleducatorsonly.Primaryschooleducatorsarenotincluded.■Convinceusyournomineeisspecial.Tellusabouthisorherstyleofteaching,involvementinschoolactivities,andcommunityservice.Whathasyoureducatordonefortheentireschool,yourclass,foryouoranotherstudent?Giveexampleswithspecificdetails.Keepyouressaybetween200and1,000words.■Includethefirstandlast,name,position,andschoolofyoureducator.■Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.PrizesCashawardswillbegiventoeducatorsfromacrossthecountryhonoredasTeenInkEducatorso￡theYear.WinningessaysarepublishedinTeeninkmagazine.DeadlinesThedeadlineforsubmittingEducatoroftheYearessaysfor2024isMay1,2024.EntriesareacceptedandconsideredforpublicationinTeenInkmagazinethroughouttheyear.WinnerswillbeinformedaftertheJuneissueispublished.1.Whocanberecommendedforthecontest?A.Anationalvolunteer.B.Acommunityeducator.C.Aprimaryschoolteacher.D.Ahighschoolheadmaster.2.Whatistherequirementfortheessay?A.Itcoversatleast100words.B.ItistobesubmittedafterMay.C.Itshouldincludespecificdetails.D.Itmustbewrittenbyacandidate.3.Whatwilltheessaywinnersget?A.Alargesumofcashmoney.B.Achancetopublishtheiressays.C.Thebigprizefromtheirschool.D.ThehonorofEducatoroftheYear.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，本文主要介紹了“年度教化者大賽”的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Guidelines第一段中“nominationsmustbeforjuniorhighorhighschooleducatorsonly.Primaryschooleducatorsarenotincluded.”（提名必需僅針對(duì)初中或中學(xué)教化者。不包括小學(xué)教化者。）可知提名必需僅針對(duì)初中或中學(xué)教化者。D選項(xiàng)Ahighschoolheadmaster中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Guidelines其次段中“Convinceusyournomineeisspecial.Tellusabouthisorherstyleofteaching,involvementinschoolactivities,andcommunityservice.Whathasyoureducatordonefortheentireschool,yourclass,foryouoranotherstudent?Giveexampleswithspecificdetails.”（勸服我們，你的提名人很特殊。告知我們他或她的教學(xué)風(fēng)格，參與學(xué)校活動(dòng)和社區(qū)服務(wù)。教化者為整個(gè)學(xué)校，班級(jí)，你或其他學(xué)生做了什么？舉例說(shuō)明詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。）可知對(duì)于文章的要求是要包括詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Prizes中“WinningessaysarepublishedinTeeninkmagazine.”（獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐陌l(fā)表在《Teenink》雜志上）可知?jiǎng)俪稣呶恼聲?huì)有機(jī)會(huì)被發(fā)表。故選B項(xiàng)。點(diǎn)睛】BCory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."4.WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?A.Hismother'sexpectation.B.Histravellingexperiences.C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.5.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?A.Rentalfees.B.Localattractions.C.Accommodation.D.Transportation.6.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?A.ToenrichonlineresourcesB.Torecordtravellingevents.C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.D.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.7.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?A.NothingcanpreventadeterminedheartB.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了，從小被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥的科里在媽媽的愛(ài)惜下坐輪椅巡游了七大洲，他確定在博客上共享他的旅行學(xué)問(wèn)，幫助其他殘疾旅行者像他一樣探究世界?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.”（桑迪（媽媽?zhuān)┰谒甑氖罴倮飵ヱR路旅行。探究新地方的激烈人心的經(jīng)驗(yàn)激勵(lì)他樹(shù)立了一個(gè)終生的目標(biāo)：巡游全部七大洲。），可知是科里童年時(shí)，媽媽帶他去馬路旅行的經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓他下定決心訪問(wèn)全部七大洲。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理推斷題。由第三段中的“AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.”（科里認(rèn)為，坐輪椅旅行須要進(jìn)行廣泛的規(guī)劃和探討。他在每次旅行前的六到十二個(gè)月起先他的探討，確保在這個(gè)地方有便利的交通選擇。），可知科里因?yàn)樯眢w緣由要坐輪椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他探討要去的地方有沒(méi)有便利的交通選擇，可得出科里旅行時(shí)最擔(dān)憂的是交通問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.”（為了促進(jìn)輪椅運(yùn)用社區(qū)的代表性，科里和他的母親寫(xiě)了一本兒童讀物，名為《讓我們和CorCor一起探究》，這本書(shū)講解并描述了一個(gè)男孩坐著電動(dòng)輪椅環(huán)游世界的故事。），可知是為了促進(jìn)輪椅運(yùn)用社區(qū)的代表性，即為了幫助有特殊須要的人（坐輪椅的人），科里和他媽媽才寫(xiě)書(shū)共享經(jīng)驗(yàn)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。由第一段中的“Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.”（科里今年30歲，在很小的時(shí)候就被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥。因?yàn)樗纳眢w狀況，他從4歲起先運(yùn)用輪椅。），其次段中的“Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!”（他成為有史以來(lái)第一個(gè)訪問(wèn)全部七大洲的輪椅運(yùn)用者?。┖妥罱K一段“Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."”（他說(shuō)：“去全部七大洲旅行并不是我能確定的事?！钡偃缒惚３謭?jiān)決和主動(dòng)的看法，機(jī)會(huì)是無(wú)限的?！保?，可知科里從小坐輪椅，但因?yàn)楸３种鴪?jiān)決和主動(dòng)的看法，他才能完成巡游全部七大洲的目標(biāo)，可得出即使殘疾，堅(jiān)決的心也能幫助人們實(shí)現(xiàn)幻想，所以沒(méi)有什么能阻擋一顆堅(jiān)決的心。故選A項(xiàng)。CDoyoulikethewoollymammothsfromthemovieIceAge?Toobadthey'reextinct?Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.Theresurrectedspeciesarefunctionallyequaltotheoriginalextinctspecies,buttheyarenotexactcopies.Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde-extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexistingspecieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheriscloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbeanidenticalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygoneextinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,geneticengineering.Itusesgene-editingtoolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.IfwerefertoJurassicPark,resurrectingextinctanimalsisaterribleidea.Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworryaboutdinosaursrunningwildly,astheirDNAhasdisintegratedoverthe65millionyearssincetheirextinction.DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?De-extinctionismoreforecologythanfortourism.EcologistBenNovaksaid,“Allanimalsperformcriticalrolesintheirecosystem.Woollymammoths,forexample,wereexcellentgardeners.TheirdisappearancewasfollowedbyalossindiversityandtheArcticgrasslandbecameacold,icefield.Ifaresurrectedanimalisalwaysgoingtobeazooanimalthenitshouldn'tbebroughtback.”8.WhydoestheauthormentionthemovieIceAge?A.Torecallthejoyfromthemovie. B.Toleadtheaudienceintothetopic.C.Toattractreaders,attentiontothemovie. D.Toshowfunctionsofresurrectinganimals.9.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutde-extinctioninParagraph2?A.Itsmainmethods. B.Itswideapplication.C.Itscomplexprocedures. D.Itsdistinctcharacteristic.10.Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“disintegrated“inParagraph3?A.Brokenaway. B.Pickedup. C.Fallenapart. D.Runout.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwebringextinctanimalsback? B.Doyoulikethewoollymammoths?C.Willdinosaursbeseeninthezoos? D.Shouldwepromotecloningskills?【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱(chēng)為“反滅亡”，旨在讓滅亡的物種回來(lái)。文章介紹了三種主要的反滅亡技術(shù)，但是恐龍因?yàn)槠銬NA已經(jīng)分解，無(wú)法被復(fù)活了，最終文章指出反滅亡更多的是為了生態(tài)，而不是為了旅游?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“DoyoulikethewoollymammothsfromthemovieIceAge?Toobadthey'reextinct?Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.(你喜愛(ài)電影《冰河世紀(jì)》里的猛犸象嗎？它們滅亡了真是太糟糕了對(duì)嗎？由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱(chēng)為“反滅亡”，旨在讓滅亡的物種回來(lái))”可推知，作者提到了電影《冰河世紀(jì)》是為了引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入文章主題。故選B。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde-extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexistingspecieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheriscloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbeanidenticalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygoneextinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,geneticengineering.Itusesgene-editingtoolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.(有三種主要的反滅亡技術(shù)。其中之一是，科學(xué)家有意選擇與滅亡物種具有相像特征的現(xiàn)存物種來(lái)繁衍后代。這是一種自然的方法。另一個(gè)是克隆?？寺?dòng)物是通過(guò)獲得滅亡動(dòng)物的DNA而創(chuàng)建出來(lái)的。后代將是滅亡物種的一模一樣的復(fù)制品。這只適用于面臨滅亡或最近滅亡的動(dòng)物，因?yàn)檫@須要保存完好的卵子。第三種是最新的技術(shù)，基因工程。它運(yùn)用基因編輯工具，將已滅亡動(dòng)物的基因選擇出來(lái)，取代現(xiàn)存動(dòng)物近親的基因)”可知，其次段主要探討了反滅亡的主要方法。故選A。【10題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworryaboutdinosaursrunningwildly”以及后文“DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?(在某些罕見(jiàn)的條件下，DNA最多只能存活幾百萬(wàn)年，但這是否意味著我們也應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣做呢？)”可知，值得慶幸的是，我們不必?fù)?dān)憂恐龍會(huì)亂跑，因?yàn)樽詮乃鼈儨缤鲆詠?lái)，它們的DNA已經(jīng)在6500萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里分解了。故劃線詞意思為“分解”。A.Brokenaway.脫離；B.Pickedup.撿起；C.Fallenapart.分解；D.Runout.耗盡。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中“Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.(由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱(chēng)為“反滅亡”，旨在讓滅亡的物種回來(lái))”結(jié)合文章介紹了三種主要的反滅亡技術(shù)，但是恐龍因?yàn)槠銬NA已經(jīng)分解，無(wú)法被復(fù)活了，最終文章指出反滅亡更多的是為了生態(tài)，而不是為了旅游?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“我們能讓滅亡的動(dòng)物復(fù)活嗎？”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A。DWealreadyknowthatsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmice?anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.CostantinoIadecola,directoroftheFeilFamilyBrainandMindResearchtheInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehavior.Miceareverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.Dr.LadecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades—asopposedtoafewmonthsforthemouse—evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,"Drladecolasaid.“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments."12.Whichcandescribethetestedmice?A.Theyremainedquietallday. B.Theybecamesmarterthanever.C.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings. D.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.13.WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?A.Theyignorehealthadvice. B.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.C.Theydislikeprocessedfood. D.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel. B.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.C.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviors. D.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.15.Whatdoesthetextsuggest?A.Brainhealthcountsmuch. B.Thebodynevertellsalie.C.Low-saltdietistobeadvocated. D.Heartdiseasescanbeprevented.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。科學(xué)家們發(fā)覺(jué)，高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對(duì)人類(lèi)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的影響。文章介紹了這項(xiàng)探討開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)覺(jué)，探討表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是舉薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食。【12題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodoso.(然而，被測(cè)試的老鼠失去了識(shí)別正常物體的實(shí)力。當(dāng)老鼠被關(guān)進(jìn)籠子，被要求找一個(gè)寧?kù)o的地方時(shí)，它們不記得寧?kù)o的地方在哪里。然后，當(dāng)老鼠在筑巢時(shí)——這是老鼠每天都要做的事情——它們無(wú)法這樣做了)”可推知，被測(cè)試的老鼠遺忘了一些日常的事情。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.Dr.LadecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.(探討表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是舉薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品。Ladecola博士說(shuō)，澳大利亞人平均每天攝入兩茶匙的鹽，長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看可能會(huì)影響大腦功能)”可知，澳大利亞人的飲食含鹽量高。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段““Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments."(悉尼科技高校神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心主任BryceVissel說(shuō)：“高濃度的鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃內(nèi)外器官?lài)?yán)峻的免疫改變，幾乎會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生自身免疫效應(yīng)。有越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，吃什么確定人的性格，這是其中的一部分。這些改變反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)引起身體的各種反應(yīng)，久而久之確定會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙。”)”可知，最終一段主要講了鹽攝入和腦損傷之間的聯(lián)系。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmice?anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)覺(jué)，高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對(duì)人類(lèi)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的影響)”結(jié)合文章介紹了這項(xiàng)探討開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)覺(jué)，探討表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是舉薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食?？赏浦?，文章提倡低鹽飲食。故選C。其次節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).Criticalthinkingmeansabsorbingimportantinformationandusingthattoformadecisionoropinionofyourown.___16___Butluckily,it'ssomethingyoucantrainyourselftodobetter.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthinkingcriticallyislearningwhatdetailsmatter.We'reexposedtosomuchinformationandsomanydifferentopinionseverydaythatit'sreallyeasytogetlostinthedetails.___17___Knowingwhichdetailsmatteristhefirstpartofcriticalthinking,butit'sprettyuselessifyoudon'tknowwhattypesofquestionstoasknext.___18___It'simportanttoalwaysaskyourselfwhysomethingisimportantandhowitconnectstothingsyoualreadyknow.Asyoudothat,youtrainyourbraintothinkcriticallyaboutmoreinformationyoucomeacross.Aswithanything,ifyouwanttogetgoodatcriticalthinking,youneedtopracticeiteveryday.___19___Thiscouldbecasualobservationsoranotebookwithopinions,butthepointistowriteeverysingleday.Likewise,participatinginahealthydebatewithfriendsisgreatpractice.___20___Themoreknowledgeyougain,thebetteryou'llbecomeatthinkingaboutit.Thatdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldbeconstantlythinkingaboutthinking,buttheendresultisabrainthatautomaticallyformsbetterarguments,focusedideas,andcreativesolutionstoproblems.A.Criticalthinkingdoesn'tend.B.Itdoesn'talwayscomenaturallytous.C.Criticalthinkingcan'tbelearnedinschool.D.Youshouldquestionalltheprovideddetails.E.Oneeasywaytodothisistokeepajournalofsomekind.F.Afterall,thinkingcriticallyandaskingquestionsgohandinhand.G.Subsequently,weneedtotrainourselvestolearnwhichdetailsmatter.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.E20.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章向讀者介紹了訓(xùn)練批判性思維的建議?！?6題詳解】由下一句“Butluckily,it'ssomethingyoucantrainyourselftodobetter.”（但幸運(yùn)的是，你可以訓(xùn)練自己在批判性思維上做得更好。）可知，“But”表轉(zhuǎn)折，后面講我們可以訓(xùn)練批判性思維，說(shuō)明批判性思維須要訓(xùn)練，不是隨時(shí)都有、自然而然出現(xiàn)的，所以我們可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練得到批判性思維，承接下文，B選項(xiàng)“批判性思維并不總是自然而然地出現(xiàn)在我們身上?！鼻蓄}。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由上兩句“Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthinkingcriticallyislearningwhatdetailsmatter.We'reexposedtosomuchinformationandsomanydifferentopinionseverydaythatit'sreallyeasytogetlostinthedetails.”（批判性思維最重要的部分之一是了解細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的重要性。我們每天都會(huì)接觸到太多的信息和太多不同的看法，很簡(jiǎn)潔迷失在細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)中。）可知，人們每天都會(huì)接觸到太多的信息和不同的看法，而批判性思維最重要的部分之一是了解細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的重要性，所以訓(xùn)練批判性思維須要去了解哪些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)是重要的，承接上文，G選項(xiàng)“隨后，我們須要訓(xùn)練自己去了解哪些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)是重要的。”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】由上一句“Knowingwhichdetailsmatteristhefirstpartofcriticalthinking,butit'sprettyuselessifyoudon'tknowwhattypesofquestionstoasknext.”（知道哪些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)很重要是批判性思維的第一部分，但是假如你不知道下一步要問(wèn)什么類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題，那就沒(méi)用了。）可知，只知道批判性思維中的哪些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)很重要，但不會(huì)提問(wèn)，那也沒(méi)用，說(shuō)明批判性思索和提問(wèn)都很重要、相輔相成，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“終歸，批判性思索和提問(wèn)是相輔相成的?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由上一句“Aswithanything,ifyouwanttogetgoodatcriticalthinking,youneedtopracticeiteveryday.”（和任何事情一樣，假如你想擅長(zhǎng)批判性思維，你須要每天練習(xí)。）和下一句“Thiscouldbecasualobservationsoranotebookwithopinions,butthepointistowriteeverysingleday.”（這可以是一個(gè)隨意的視察，也可以是一個(gè)有看法的筆記本，但關(guān)鍵是每天都要寫(xiě)。）可知，批判性思維須要每天練習(xí)，可以是一個(gè)有看法的筆記本，說(shuō)明作者建議讀者每天記日記來(lái)訓(xùn)練批判性思維，承接上下文，E選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的方法就是記日記?！鼻蓄}。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】本處是段落總結(jié)。由下一句“Themoreknowledgeyougain,thebetteryou'llbecomeatthinkingaboutit.”（你獲得的學(xué)問(wèn)越多，你就越擅長(zhǎng)思索。）可知，學(xué)的越多就越擅長(zhǎng)思索，說(shuō)明批判性思維的學(xué)習(xí)是無(wú)止境的、不會(huì)結(jié)束，越學(xué)越有用，承接下文，A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維不會(huì)結(jié)束?！鼻蓄}。故選A項(xiàng)。其次部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分3。分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whatifeveryoneintheworldwasexactlyalike?Theworldwouldbeextremely___21___Ibelieveit'simportantto___22___peopleforwhotheyare.___23___areimportantandtheyshouldberespected.Manypeoplethroughouthistory,likeAlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison,didgreatthings,butwere___24___strange,becausetheyhadstrongfeelingsaboutsomething.Ican___25___tothesepeople,becauseI'vebeeninthatsituationbefore.ItallstartedinelementaryschoolwhenI___26___thatIwasn'tlikeeveryoneelse.Igrewcrazyaboutcertainsubjects.___27___,thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.___28___,mykindergartenteachersaidshewouldscreamatmeifI___29___snakesormiceonemoretime,whileshewasteachingthedaysoftheweek.Iwouldgetintroublefornot___30___attention,andotherkidsbegantolaughatme.Imightbedifferent,becauseIhavedifferent___31___thanotherteenagers,butthatdoesn’tgivethemtherighttobeso___32___tome.SomekidsmakefunofmeforlikingwhatIlikethemost.Peoplealsomakefunofmefor___33___factsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.Mymomsaysthatshehasbeenabletobewellinformedbyjustlisteningtome,butEveevenbeen___34___forbeingsmart.SometimesIwishIwerelikeeveryoneelse,butnot___35___,becauseIbelievepeople,shouldberespectedforbeingdifferent,andwe'realldifferentinourownways.21.A.complex B.harmonious C.fantastic D.boring22.A.trust B.praise C.accept D.compare23.A.Abilities B.Differences C.Efforts D.Beliefs24.A.proved B.declared C.found D.considered25.A.relate B.return C.apologize D.respond26.A.imagined B.realized C.hoped D.remembered27.A.Thankfully B.Impossibly C.Apparently D.Unfortunately28.A.Byaccident B.Inreturn C.Infact D.Atmost29.A.mentioned B.attacked C.counted D.threw30.A.attracting B.focusing C.escaping D.controlling31.A.aims B.futures C.emotions D.interests32.A.mean B.sensitive C.attentive D.blind33.A.creating B.forgetting C.knowing D.ignoring34.A.misunderstood B.evaluated C.tested D.tolerated35.A.clearly B.eagerly C.seriously D.really【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.A33.C34.A35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)講解并描述了自己所遭受的經(jīng)驗(yàn)想告知讀者，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)因?yàn)閯e出心裁而受到敬重，我們每個(gè)人都有自己的不同之處?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：世界將變得特別無(wú)聊。Aplex困難的；B.harmonious和諧的；C.fantastic奇幻的；D.boring令人無(wú)聊的。依據(jù)上文“Whatifeveryoneintheworldwasexactlyalike?”可知世界上假如每個(gè)人都一樣，那么這個(gè)世界確定很無(wú)聊。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我信任接受別人的原來(lái)面目很重要。A.trust信任；B.praise贊美；C.accept接受；Dpare相比。依據(jù)上文可知，世界上假如每個(gè)人都一樣，那么這個(gè)世界確定很無(wú)聊。所以作者信任接受別人的原來(lái)面目很重要。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：差異很重要，應(yīng)當(dāng)受到敬重。A.Abilities實(shí)力；B.Differences差異；C.Efforts努力；D.Beliefs信念。依據(jù)前文中“Ibelieveit'simportantto2peopleforwhotheyare.”可知差異很重要，應(yīng)當(dāng)受到敬重。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：歷史上有很多人，比如阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦和托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生，做了很多宏大的事情，但卻被認(rèn)為很驚奇，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)某件事有劇烈的感情。A.proved證明；B.declared聲明；C.found發(fā)覺(jué)；D.considered考慮。依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，前后句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前句是講愛(ài)因斯坦和愛(ài)迪生都做了宏大的貢獻(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)折之后后句應(yīng)表述為“被認(rèn)為是驚奇的”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我能和這些人產(chǎn)生共鳴，因?yàn)槲乙郧耙灿龅竭^(guò)這種狀況。A.relate關(guān)系；B.return返回；C.apologize致歉；D.respond回應(yīng)。依據(jù)后文“becauseI'vebeeninthatsituationbefore.”可知我曾經(jīng)也經(jīng)驗(yàn)過(guò)這樣的狀況，表明我能和這些人產(chǎn)生共鳴。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切都要從小學(xué)起先，那時(shí)我意識(shí)到我和其他人不一樣。A.imagined想象；B.realized實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.hoped希望；D.remembered記住。依據(jù)后文“Igrewcrazyaboutcertainsubjects.thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.”可知我對(duì)某些科目很著迷，而這些科目其他學(xué)生并不感愛(ài)好，這是我意識(shí)到自己跟別人別出心裁。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，這些科目沒(méi)有引起其他孩子和我的老師的愛(ài)好。A.Thankfully感謝地；B.Impossibly不行能地；C.Apparently明顯地；D.Unfortunately不幸地是。依據(jù)“hesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.”可知，不幸的是，這些科目沒(méi)有引起其他孩子和我的老師的愛(ài)好。故選D項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：事實(shí)上，我的幼兒園老師說(shuō)，假如我在一周中的某些日子里再提蛇或老鼠的話，她會(huì)對(duì)我大叫。A.Byaccident意外；B.Inreturn反過(guò)來(lái)；C.Infact事實(shí)上；D.Atmost最多。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境翻譯可知，后文“mykindergartenteachersaidshewouldscreamatmeifImentionedsnakesormiceonemoretime”是對(duì)前文我對(duì)某些科目感愛(ài)好的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，應(yīng)運(yùn)用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的介詞短語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，我的幼兒園老師說(shuō)，假如我在一周中的某些日子里再提蛇或老鼠的話，她會(huì)對(duì)我大叫。A.mentioned提及；B.attacked攻擊；C.counted計(jì)數(shù)；D.threw扔。依據(jù)后文“snakesormiceonemoretime”可知這些是我感愛(ài)好的學(xué)科，卻不被大家接受和喜愛(ài)，因此老師不希望聽(tīng)到我提及關(guān)于這個(gè)學(xué)科的內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法全神貫注而惹上麻煩，其他孩子起先訕笑我。A.ttracting吸引；B.focusing聚焦；C.escaping逃脫；D.controlling限制。依據(jù)“Iwouldgetintroublefornot”以及“attention”可知我會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法全神貫注而惹上麻煩。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我可能不一樣，因?yàn)槲液推渌嗌倌暧胁煌膼?ài)好，但這不代表他們有權(quán)對(duì)我這么苛刻。A.aims目標(biāo)；B.futures將來(lái)；C.emotions情感；D.interests.愛(ài)好。依據(jù)前文“thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers”可知我喜愛(ài)的學(xué)科卻不被大家感愛(ài)好和喜愛(ài)，表明我和其他青少年的愛(ài)好是不同的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我可能不一樣，因?yàn)槲液推渌嗌倌暧胁煌膼?ài)好，但這不代表他們有權(quán)對(duì)我這么苛刻。A.mean苛刻的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.attentive用心的；D.blind盲目的。依據(jù)前文“otherkidsbegantolaughatme.”可知其他孩子會(huì)笑話我，因?yàn)槲液退麄兊膼?ài)好不同，但是我認(rèn)為他們并沒(méi)有權(quán)利對(duì)我如此的苛刻。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們還因?yàn)槲医饣鹕?，鯨魚(yú)和很多其他科學(xué)事物的事實(shí)而取笑我。A.creating創(chuàng)建；B.forgetting遺忘；C.knowing知道；D.ignoring忽視。依據(jù)“factsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.”可知，人們還因?yàn)槲医饣鹕剑L魚(yú)和很多其他科學(xué)事物的事實(shí)而取笑我。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽說(shuō)，她只要聽(tīng)我說(shuō)，就能得到很好的信息，但Eve甚至因聰慧而被誤會(huì)。A.misunderstood誤會(huì)；B.evaluated評(píng)估；C.tested測(cè)試；D.寬容tolerated。依據(jù)上文“Peoplealsomakefunofmeforknowingfactsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.”可知作者因聰慧而被誤會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)我希望我能像其他人一樣，但不是真的，因?yàn)槲倚湃?，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)因?yàn)閯e出心裁而受到敬重，我們每個(gè)人都有自己的不同之處。A.clearly明確地；B.eagerly渴望地；C.seriously仔細(xì)地；D.really真實(shí)地。依據(jù)“IwishIwerelikeeveryoneelse”可知，本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)我希望我能像其他人一樣，但不是真的。故選D項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AtZhongshuge,abookstoreandlibraryinYangzhou，China,thebooksgoonforever,oratleast,that's___36___itlookslike.WhenyouwalkintoZhongshuge，you'resurroundedonallsidesbyendlessbooks.Theyfilltheceiling,walls,andfloor，someeven___37___(appear)tobechallenginggravity.Howdoesthismagicalbookshopdoit?___38___architecturalstudiocalledX+LivingdesignedtheinternalstructureofZhongshuge.Theshelves___39___(arrange)inarcshapes，creatingthetunnel-likeappearance.Theflooriscoveredwithblackmirrors,reflectingtheshelvesaboveandcreatingthevisualeffectthatthebookshelvescontinuedownpasttheflooron___40___you'restanding.Andthereyouhaveit：therowsofbooksneverend.Asitturnsout,thestore'sdesignhasmore___41___(significant)thanjustfun.Yangzhouisfull___42___canalsandrivers，andinhistorymanyofChina'sliterarygreats___43___(draw)inspirationfromtheflowingwater.X+Living,therefore,integratedthisconceptwithZhongshuge,andtriedtocreatethefeelofbeing___44___(complete)involvedina“river“ofbooks.Theyhighlightedthatfeelingwiththezigzagshapeontheceiling,which,___45___(reflect)onthefloor,“flows“throughoutthestorelikeariver.【答案】36.what37.appearing38.An39.arearranged40.which41.significance42.of43.drew44.completely45.reflected【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是鐘書(shū)閣位于揚(yáng)州的一家書(shū)店兼圖書(shū)館?！?6題詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這