英語六級閱讀理解35篇

英語六級閱讀理解（真題篇）

1.2007年12月

GivingCreditWhereCreditIsNotDue

Thebigidentity-theftbustlastweekwasjustatasteofwhat'sto

come.Here'showtoprotectyourgoodname

HERE'STHESCARYTHINGabouttheidentity-theftringthatthe

fedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000

victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninside

job,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledata

Communications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreports

online,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoa

groupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pick

consumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheir

names.Costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhatthis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjust

adropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredit

hijackedeveryyear.It'soneofcrime'sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,

addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundonthe

Web—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Credit

companiesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthat

revenuetofraud,sothere'slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomakethe

applicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it'suptoyoutoprotect

youridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Most

creditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.Alotofthemgo

Dumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof"pre-approved"credit-card

mailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,

takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.Shreddingyourjunkmailand

leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheck

yourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajor

credit-reportoutfits:Equifax(at),Trans-Union

()andExperian().Allallowyouto

orderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mail

hellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,IfoundTransUnion'swebsitetobe

thecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,

rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,

Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereport

ayearbylaw.Otherwiseit'sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoid

servicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that's

$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou'reavictim

ofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachof

thethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-report

format/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolice

report,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon'texpect

justice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%of

identitythieveswhoareevercaught.

引用

ByChrisTaylorTime;12/9/2002,Vol.160Issue24,pl00,3/4p,1c

注⑴:本文選自Time;12/9/2002,plOO,3/4p,1c；

注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題Text1；

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

[A]Tightlysuppressed.[B]Morefrightening.[C]Rapidly

increasing.[D]looselycontrolled.

2.Theexpression“insidejob,5(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobably

means.

[A]acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

[B]acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

[C]acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim[DJacrimethatposes

agreatthreattothesociety

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept

[AJdestroyingyourjunkmail[BJleavingyourSocialSecuritycard

athome

[C]visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly[D]obtainingthe

freereportfromthegovernment

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

[A]Morepeopleareusingcreditservice.[B]Theapplication

programisnotsafeenough.

[CJCreditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.[DJCreditorsarenot

carefulabouttheiridentity.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Thedangerofcredit-theft[BJThelossofthecreditors

[CJHowtoprotectyourgoodname[DJWhythecreditorslosetheir

identity

答案：CADBC

2.2007年12月

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameand

whateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyhereto

say.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailable

employmentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestions

aboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthe

norm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respecting

peopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscan

workforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimto

revivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandthe

office,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhich

mostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemay

nowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhich

itbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,

infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universal

employment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand

18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydepriving

themoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingfor

themselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesand

removedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimprovedfirstby

railandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesof

employmentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnection

withtheirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrial

times,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehousehold

andvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogo

outtopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeand

familiestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnorm

today,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthe

sexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemployment

becamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere

excluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschool

andmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.

Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesaway

fromtheidealistgoalcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskof

helpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A)Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B)Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrialized

nations.

C)Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D)Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeople

copewiththeproblemofunemployment.

22.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributing

tothespreadofemployment?

A)Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.B)The

developmentoffactories.

C)Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.D)Developmentof

modernmeansoftransportation.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemof

unemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B)manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswere

beingconstructed

C)inpreindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityservicewere

mainlycarriedoutbywomen

D)someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebrought

havebeenreversed

24.Whatdoestheword“daunting“inthethirdparagraphmean?

A)ShockingB)InterestingC)ConfusingD)Stimulating

25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocope

withthecurrentsituation?

A)Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.B)Treat

employmentasthenorm.

C)Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersof

production.

D)Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormal

workingconditions.

答案：DCAAB

3.2007年12月

Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniformunderanycircumstance.

Uniformsaredemandingtothehumanspiritandtotallyunnecessaryina

democraticsociety.Uniformstelltheworldthatthepersonwhowears

onehasnovalueasanindividualbutonlylivestofunctionasapartofa

whole.Theindividualinauniformlosesallself-worth.

Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesapersona

senseofidentificationwithalarger,moreimportantconcept.Whatcould

bemoreimportantthantheindividualhimself?Ifanorganizationisso

weakthatitmustrelyonclothandbuttonstoinspireitsmembers,that

organizationhasnorighttocontinueitsexistence.Otherssaythatthe

practiceofmakingpersonswearuniforms,sayinaschool,eliminatesall

envyandcompetitioninthematterofdress,suchthatapoorpersonwho

cannotaffordgood-qualityclothingisnottobebelittledbyawealthy

personwhowearsexpensivequalityclothing.Thosepersons

convenientlyignoresuchcriticalconceptsasfreedomofchoice,

motivation,andindividuality.Ifallpersonsweretowearthesame

clothing,whywouldanyonestrivetobebetter?Itisonlyashortstep

fromforcingeveryonetodrivethesamecar,havethesametypeoffoods.

Whenthishappens,allincentivetoimproveone'slifeisremoved.Why

wouldparentsbothertoworkhardsothattheirchildrencouldhavea

betterlifethantheyhadwhentheyknowthattheirchildrenaregoingto

beforcedtohaveexactlythesamelifethattheyhad?

Uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Rightnow,billionsofdollarsare

spentonthefashionindustryyearly.Thousandsofpersonsareemployed

indesigning,creatingandmarketingdifferenttypesofclothing.If

everyonewereforcedtowearuniforms,artisticpersonnelwouldbe

unnecessary.Salespersonswouldbesuperfluousaswell;whybotherto

selltheonlyitemsthatareavailable?Thewearingofuniformswould

destroythefashionindustry,whichinturnwouldhavearippleeffecton

suchindustriesasadvertisingandpromotion.Withoutadvertising,

newspapers,magazines,andtelevisionwouldnotbeabletoremainin

business.Oneentireinformationandentertainmentindustrywould

collapse.

26.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassagewasto.

A)pleadfortheabolishmentofuniformsB)showthatuniformsarenot

possibleinademocraticsociety

C)advocatestrongergovernmentalcontrolsonthewearingof

uniformsD)convincethereaderthatuniformshavemoredisadvantages

thanadvantages27.Whydoestheauthordiscussforcingeveryonetobuy

thesamecaroreatthesamefood?

A)Toshowthatfreedomofchoiceisabsolute.

B)Toshowthatthegovernmenthasinterferedtoomuchinthelivesof

individual.

C)Tosuggestwhatwouldhappenifuniformsbecamecompulsory.

D)Topredictthewaythesocietywillbeinthenextfewgenerations.

28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothe

author?

A)Thepersonwhowearsauniformhasnoself-worth.

B)Wearingauniformgivesapersonasenseofidentificationwitha

largerconcept.

C)Uniformswillhurtoneentireinformationandentertainmentindustry.

D)Envyandcompetitionareincentivetoimproveone'slife.

29.Theword“superfluous”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans.

A)indispensableB)availableC)surplusD)supplementary

3O.Thenextparagraphinthispassagemightdiscuss.

A)thepositiveeffectsofwearinguniformsB)morenegativeeffectsof

wearinguniforms

C)alternativetowearinguniformsD)thelegalrightsofthosenot

wishingtowearuniforms

答案：DCBCB

4.2007年12月

Astrangethingabouthumansistheircapacityforblindrage.Rageis

presumablyanemotionresultingfromsurvivalinstinct,butthesurprising

thingaboutitisthatwedonotdeployitagainstotheranimals.Ifwe

encounteradangerouswildanimal-apoisonoussnakeorawildcat-we

donotflyintoatemper.Ifweareunarmed,weshowfearandattemptto

backaway;ifwearesuitablyarmed,weattack,butinarationalmanner

notinarage.Wereserverageforourownspecies.Itishardtoseeany

survivalvalueinattackingone'sown,butifwetakeaccountofthelong

competition,whichmusthaveexistedbetweenourownsubspeciesand

otherslikeNeanderthalman-indeedothersstillmoreremotefromus

thanNeanderthalman-humanragebecomesmorecomprehensible.

Inoureverydaylanguageandbehaviortherearemanyremindersof

thoseearlystruggles.Wearealwaysusingthewords“usandthem”.

"Our"sideisperpetuallytryingtododownthe“other”side.Ingameswe

artificiallycreateothersubspecieswecanattack.Theoppositionof"us"

and“them"isthetouchstoneofthetwo-partysystemof“democratic”

politics.Althoughtherearenoveryseriousconsequencestomanyof

thesemodernpsychologicalrepresentationsofthe“usandthem^^emotion,

itisaswelltorememberthattheoriginalaimwasnottobeattheother

subspeciesinagamebuttoexterminateit.

Thereadinesswithwhichhumansallowthemselvestoberegimented

haspermittedlargearmiestobeformed,which,takentogetherwiththe

“usandthem“blindrage,hasledtodestructiveclasheswithinour

subspeciesitself.TheFirstWorldWarisanexampleinwhichEurope

divideditselfintotwoimaginarysubspecies.Andthereisasimilar

exterminationbattlenowinNorthernIreland.Theideathatthereisa

religiousbasisforthisclashisillusory,fornoteventhePopehasbeen

abletocontrolit.TheclashismuchmoreprimitivethantheChristian

religion,mucholderinitsemotionalorigin.TheconflictinIrelandis

unlikelytostopuntilagreaterprimitivefearisimposedfromoutsidethe

community,oruntilthecombatantsbecomeexhausted.

31.Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A)WhyHumanArmiesAreFormedB)Man'sAngerAgainstRage

C)TheHumanCapacityforRageD)EarlyStrugglesofAngryMan

32.Accordingtotheauthor,thesurprisingaspectofhumanangeris.

A)itslengthyandcomplexdevelopmentB)aconflictsuchasisnow

goingoninNorthernIreland

C)thatwedonotflyintoatempermoreoftenD)thatwereserveanger

formankind

33.Thepassagesuggeststhat.

A)historically,wehavecreatedan“us"versus"them"society

B)humanshavehadanaturaldisinclinationtowardformalgrouping

C)theFirstWorldWarisanexampleofhowmanhasalwaysavoided

domination

D)theemotionaloriginofthewarinIrelandislostintime

34.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

A)theartificialcreationofasubspeciesunlikeusissomethingthatnever

happens

B)gamesarepsychologicallyunhealthyC)anyartificiallycreated

subspecieswouldbeourenemy

D)therealorimaginedexistenceofanopposingsubspeciesisinherentin

man'sactivities

35.Theauthorbelievesthatareligiousexplanationforthewarin

NorthernIrelandis.

A)foundedinhistoricalfactB)deceptiveC)apparentD)probably

accurate

答案:CDADB

5.2007年12月

Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonofthe

individualperson.Itisconcernedwithdescribingandexplaining

languageasamatterofhumanbehavior.Peoplespeakandwrite;they

alsoevidentlyreadandunderstandwhattheyhear.Theyarenotbom

doingso;theyhavetoacquiretheseskills.Noteverybodyseemsto

developthemtothesamedegree.Peoplemaysufferaccidentsordiseases,

whichimpairtheirperformance.Languageisthusseenaspartofhuman

psychology,aparticularsortofbehavior,thebehavior,whichhasasits

principal,functionthatofcommunication.

Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior“isthatitisoftentakentorefer

onlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.

Yetpartoflanguagebehavior-thatofunderstandingspokenorwritten

language,forexample-haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns.Itis

truewecansometimesinferthatunderstandinghastakenplacebythe

changesthattakeplaceintheotherperson'sbehavior.Whensomeonehas

beenprohibitedfromdoingsomething,wemayinferthathehas

understoodtheprohibitionbyobservingthatthereafterheneverbehaves

inthatway.Wecannot,ofcourse,beabsolutelysurethathissubsequent

behaviorisaresultofhisunderstanding;itmightbeduetoalossof

interestorinclination.Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservable

activity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.

Onceweadmitthatthestudyoflanguagebehaviorinvolves

describingandexplainingtheunobservable,thesituationbecomesmuch

morecomplicated,becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,

someinternalmechanism,whichoperateswhenwespeakandunderstand.

Wehavetopostulatesomethingwecancallamind.Thestudyof

languagefromthispointofviewcanthenbeseenasastudyofthe

specificproperties,processesandstatesofthemindwhoseoutward

manifestationsareobservablebehavior;whatwehavetoknowinorderto

performlinguistically.Thisapproachtolanguage,asaphenomenonof

theindividual,isthusprincipallyconcernedwithexplaininghowwe

acquirelanguage,anditsrelationtogeneralhumancognitivesystems,

andwiththepsychologicalmechanismsunderlyingthecomprehension

andproductionofspeech;muchlesswiththeproblemofwhatlanguage

isfor,thatis,itsfunctionascommunication,sincethisnecessarily

involvesmorethanasingleindividual.

36.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A)LanguageasMeansofCommunication.B)Languageand

Psychology.

C)LanguageandtheIndividual.D)LanguageasaSocialPhenomenon.

37.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT

true?

A)Languageisoftenregardedaspartofhumanpsychology.

B)Peopledeveloplanguageskillsofdifferentdegreesasaresultof

differentpersonalexperiences.

C)Languageisaspecialkindofpsychologicalbehaviorthatisbornwith

anindividual.

D)Peoplelearntospeakandwritethroughimitationandtraining.

38.Whatdoestheterm“behavior“inthesecondparagraphespecially

refertointhispassage?

A)Itreferstoobservableandphysicalmovementsandacts.

B)Itreferstothepartoflanguagebehaviorthatinvolvesunderstanding

orinterpretation.

C)Itreferstoboththeovertandtheunobservablelanguagebehaviorsin

communicating.

D)Itreferstoactsofspeakingandwriting.

39.Whatdoes''internalmechanism”(Line3,Para.3)mean?

A)Secretmachine.B)Mentalprocesses.C)Overtsystem.D)Mechanic

operation.

4O.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A)Itsindividualisticapproachtolanguageismeanttostudythe

psychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.

B)Theindividualisticapproachtolanguageismainlyconcernedwith

howlanguagefunctionsinsociety.

C)Thestudyoflanguageissuretoinvolvemorethanasingleindividual.

D)Psychologicalapproachtolanguageisconcernedwiththe

comprehensionandproductionofspeech.

答案:CCCBA

6.2007年12月

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasically

private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargely

determinewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthe

marketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsand

servicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen；andtheprofitmotive,

operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthese

goodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomic

systemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers，coupledwiththedesire

ofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto

maximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproduced

andhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanism

bywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtoby

producers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbya

pricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponseto

relativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.

Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbe

bidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,on

theotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingits

cost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,

whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuythe

product.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmerica

economicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthat

individualareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),

andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,

andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmerican

economy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlythe

ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingthe

righttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwith

anotherprivateindividual.

l.InPara.1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes^^means

A.Americansneverfeelsatisfiedwiththeirincomes.B.Americanstendto

overstatetheamountoftheirincomes.

C.Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased.D.Americanswantto

increasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes.

2.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphclaritytheideatous

that.

A.producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction.

B.consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers.

C.producersdecidethepricesofproducts.D.supplyanddemandregulate

prices.

3.Theword“embraces“inPara.3probablyparallels.

A.enfoldB.hugC.comprehendD.support

4.Accordingtothepassage，aprivate-enterpriseeconomyis

characterizedby.

A.privatepropertyandrightsconcerned.B.manpowerandnatural

resourcescontrol.

C.ownershipofproductiveresourcesD.freecontractsandprices.

5.Thepassageismainlytalkingabout.

A.howAmericangoodsareproduced.B.howAmericanconsumersbuy

theirgoods.

C.howAmericaneconomicsystemworks.D.howAmericanbusinessman

maketheirprofits

答案：DDCAC

7.2007年12月

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteract

withoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarket

system,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeract

amongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommodities

fromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,

transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabarter

economy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasare

tradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantsto

trademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasy

task.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeases

transactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsand

servicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolby

someagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsor

commandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,

exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmay

beonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawn

upbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproduced

bythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsfor

consumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,

consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsare

governedbytradition；everyperson'splacewithintheeconomicsystem

isfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceon

thebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste

mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwith

foodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.

Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisof

traditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsociety

mayresult.

l.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.B.Toexplainthe

scienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.D.Tocompare

barterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

2.1nthesecondparagraph,theword“real"in“realgoods^^couldbestbe

replacedby，

A.highqualityB.concreteC.utterD.authentic.

3.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycangenerate.

A.rapidspeedoftransactions.B.misunderstandings.C.inflation

D.difficultiesforthetraders.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinthe

administeredsystem?

A.IndividualhouseholdsB.Smallbusinesses.C.Majorcorporations.

D.Thegovernment.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedbytheauthorasacriterionfor

determiningaperson'spositioninatraditionalsociety?A.Family

backgroundB.AgeC.Religiousbeliefs.D.Custom

答案：ABDDB

8.2007年12月

Westernairlinermanufacturersseemtobetrippingoverthemselvesin

theireagernesstosigncollaborativeagreementswithAsianpartnersasa

low-costroutetodevelopingnewairliners.TheirpotentialAsianpartners

seemtobetrippingoverthemselvestosignsuchagreements,asa

low-costroutetoacquiringnewairlinertechnology.Iftheyarenotcareful

thetwosideswillenduptrippingovereachother：theonebysellingits

birth-rightforshort-termgain,theotherbytryingtobreakintoamarket

whichisn'tbigenoughtosustainit.

Technologytransferworksinagrowingmarket,wherethe

aspirationsofthenewentrantreceivingthattechnologycanbemet

throughexpansion.Theairlinermarketisnotsuchadevice.

Eventhemostoptimisticprojectionsofairlinersalesforthenext20years

showthatairlinermanufacturecanonlybeprofitableifasmallnumberof

aircraftbuilderssharetheavailablesales.Itfollowsthatifnew

manufacturerscomeintothemarketandtakesales,theirsalesmust

comefromsubstitution,notexpansion.

Giventhecomplexityoftoday'sairliners,itisunlikelythatany

newe