3DEC數(shù)值模擬方法

3DEC數(shù)值模擬方法2013武漢依泰斯卡(武漢）咨詢(xún)有限公司提綱3DEC(5.0)軟件特點(diǎn)3DEC(5.0)理論基礎(chǔ)3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析提綱3DEC(5.0)軟件特點(diǎn)3DEC(5.0)理論基礎(chǔ)3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析Whatis3DEC?ADistinctElementcodethatallowsthesimulationoftheinteractionofblockse.g.jointedrockmass,masonrywallWhatis3DEC?DiscontinuitiesareregardedasdistinctboundaryinteractionsbetweenblocksContactsareautomaticallyupdatedascalculationprogresses–largedisplacementsareallowedNon-linearforcedisplacementbehaviormaybeassignedtocontacts(joints)Whatis3DEC?3DECblocksarerigidordeformableDeformableblocksareautomaticallymeshedwithtetrahedratosimulateanon-linearcontinuumWhatis3DEC?Solvesthefulldynamicequationsofmotionevenforquasi-staticproblemsAllowsforlargedisplacements,rotationsanddynamicanalysesWhatis3DEC?3DECisbestsuitedtomodelingdiscontinuousmaterials(containingmanyintersectingdiscontinuitiesin3D)thatexhibitnonlinearbehavior礦層分布模型地質(zhì)構(gòu)造分布開(kāi)挖后對(duì)地表建筑物的影響屈服礦柱分布情況礦山開(kāi)采穩(wěn)定性分析研究當(dāng)前開(kāi)采條件下礦柱幾乎沒(méi)有屈服斷層影響不大礦藏分布三維模型拉底步驟礦巖三維節(jié)理模型拉底后礦巖出露模型礦巖崩落數(shù)值模擬對(duì)崩落速度和規(guī)模進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)崩落過(guò)程模擬NuclearWasteDisposalShotcreteConcreteCanistercoverLocalizationinclaystoneat6monthsClaystoneReproducedwithpermissionofANDRAHydraulicFractureDiscreteFractureNetworkFracturedreservoirmodelHydraulicFractureFluidpressureinjointsduringinjectionTopportionofreservoirhiddenforeaseofviewingMicroseismicityFracturedrockvolumeloadedaxiallywith10MPaconfiningstress100mFundamentalRockMechanicsSimulatedunconfinedcompressiontestoncrystallinerocksampleDisplacementsGrainstructureExaggerateddeformationSlopeStabilityAutomaticFactorofSafetycalculationfor3DslopesUsesShearStrengthReductionmethodAbutmentstabilityassessmentatHongricharchdam11Kolijietal,2001.Int.J.Hydropower&Dams,18,56-61TopplingNormalfaultingintheupperpartoftheslopeS-shapeddeformationofrocklamellaeFlexuraltopplingNormalfaultingS-shapeddeformedrocklamellae提綱3DEC(5.0)軟件特點(diǎn)3DEC(5.0)理論基礎(chǔ)3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析離散元方法

離散元的理論基礎(chǔ)是牛頓第二定律。離散元法是將所研究的區(qū)域劃分成一個(gè)個(gè)分立的多邊形塊體單元，單元與單元之間具有一定的初始接觸狀態(tài)，隨著單元的平移和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，調(diào)整各個(gè)單元之間的接觸關(guān)系。最終，塊體單元可能達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài),也可能一直運(yùn)動(dòng)下去。因此，離散元法適用于研究節(jié)理系統(tǒng)或塊體集合在準(zhǔn)靜力或動(dòng)力條件下的運(yùn)動(dòng)問(wèn)題。離散元法以各種塊體為研究對(duì)象，塊體與塊體之間沒(méi)有變形協(xié)調(diào)的約束，只需要滿(mǎn)足力的平衡條件。構(gòu)成單元的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以分離。單元之間的相互作用力可以根據(jù)力和位移的關(guān)系求出，而單個(gè)單元的運(yùn)動(dòng)則完全根據(jù)該單元所受的不平衡力和不平衡力矩的大小按牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律確定。TypesofDiscreteElementMethodsforDiscontinuumAnalysisDistinctElementUseexplicittime-marchingschemetosolveequationsofmotiondirectly.Bodiesmayberigidordeformable,contactsaredeformableModalMethodsSimilartodistinctelementmethodinthecaseofrigidblocks.Fordeformablebodies,modalsuperpositionisusedsonon-linearityisdifficulttoimplementDiscontinuousDeformationAnalysisAssumescontactsarerigidbodiesandbodiesmayberigidordeformable.No-penetrationisachievedbyiterationMomentumExchangeMethodsAssumeboththecontactsandbodiestoberigid.Momentumisexchangedbetweentwocontactingbodiesduringcollision.Canrepresentfrictionsliding.DEMDefinitionsThename“DiscreteElementMethod”(DEM)shouldbeappliedtoamethodonlyifit*:allowsfinitedisplacementsandrotationsofdiscretebodies;includingcompletedetachmentrecognizesnewinteractions(contact)automaticallyasthecalculationprogressesAdiscreteelementcodewillembodyanefficientalgorithmfordetectingandclassifyingcontacts.Itwillmaintainadatastructureandmemoryallocationschemethatcanhandlemanyhundredsorthousandsofdiscontinuitiesorcontacts.Thename“DistinctElementMethod”isusedforaDEMthatusesanexplicitdynamicsolutiontoNewton’slawsofmotion.*Cundall,P.A.,andR.D.Hart.”NumericalModelingofDiscontinua,”EngineeringComputations,9(2),101-113(1992)Finiteelementcodesformodeling“discontinua”areoftenmodifiedcontinuumprograms,whichcannothandlegeneralinteractiongeometry(e.g.manyintersectingjoints).Theirefficiencymaydegeneratedrasticallywhenconnectionsarebrokenrepeatedly.DistinctElementMethodThreeaspects...GeometryContactmechanicsSolidbodymechanicsDistinctElementMethodGeometrySpecificationofshapesin2and3dimensionsInteractionofpairsofcontactingblocksorparticlesIdentificationofcontactcharacterbetween2blocksDistinctElementMethodSpecificationofshapesin2and3dimensions2&3dimensions–PFC

disks&spheres2dimensions–UDEC arbitrarypolygons–convexandconcave–withroundedcorners3dimensions–3DEC arbitrarypolyhedra–concavebodiesareconstructedofseveralconvexbodiesattachedtogetherDistinctElementMethodInteractionofpairsofcontactingblocksorparticlesIfweattempttoidentifyneighboringblocksbyanexhaustivescan(i.e.eachblocktestedagainsteachother),thenthesearch-timeisproportionaltoN2whereNisthenumberofblocks.Twomethodstoreducesearchtime:Cell-mapping,usedinUDEC&3DECCirculatingdatastructure,thatmimicsthetopologyofthesystemasusedinUDECCell-mapping

Thesolution-spaceiscoveredbyrectangularcells.Eachblockdepositsamarkerinallthecellsthatitoverlaps–thisprocesstakesNproportionaltime.Eachblockcanfindallofitsneighborsbylookinginjustthosecellsthatitoverlaps-thisprocessisalsoNproportional,ifthecellsizeisofasimilarordertotheblocksizeCirculatingdatastructure

Linkedliststhatdescribeblockboundariesalsotraceoutthevoidspacesautomatically.Ablockneedsonlytosearchitslocalvoidspacestofinditsneighbors.Thisschemebreaksdownifmanyblocksbecomedisconnected,butitiswellsuitedtomodelfluidflowinjointscloseddomaincanrestrictsearchtothecloseddomain–anynewcontactsmustbethereDistinctElementMethod

Identificationofcontactcharacterbetween2blocks Weneedtoknow: typeofcontact(e.g.corner-to-corner,corner-to-edge,etc.)directionofnormaltoslidingdirectiongapbetweenblocks,orcontactoverlapBlock2Jointun2us2Block1us1un1InitialPositionofblock2xyblockcentroidContactBetweentwoRigidBlocks

Acontactiscreatedateachcornerinteractingwithacorneroredgeofanopposingblock.RoundedCornersinUDECCornerroundingschemewithconstantlengthdrdd=rd>>rrdd =distancetothecorner r=radiusoftheroundedcornerrdd=rdrd>>rCornerroundingschemewithconstantradiusr,showingthatsmallanglesinthecornerleadstolargedistancesd

DefinitionofcontactnormalRoundedcorner-to-edgecontactRoundedcorner-to-cornercontactL1L2L3123ElementNodes123Corner-EdgecontactsL1,L2,L3LengthsassociatedtothecontactsContactsandDomainsbetweenTwoDeformableBlocksD1D2D1D2DomainsBLOCK1BLOCK2“Commonplane”logicAlgorithmexecutedinparallelwithmechanicalcalculation:“maximizethegapbetweenthecommonplane(c-p)andtheclosestvertex”c-p12“Commonplane”logicIfweassumeac-pcanbefound,blocksareconvex then...testforcontactsiseasytestcornersofbothblocksforcontactwithc-p(16dotproducts)iftestforbothblocksarepositivethenblocksaretouchingdetermininggapiseasysumofmin.distancesfromeachblock’scornertoc-pcontactnormalis...thenormalofthec-pisalwaysdefinedCommonplanelogicWhataboutassumptions?Usethealgorithm“maximizethesmallestgapbetweeneachblock(ofacontact-pair)andtheplane”Constructconcaveblocksfromseveralconvexblocks(the“join”doesnotexist,asfarasphysicsisconcerned)shift,then...rotationCommonplanelogicModesofcontactcanbefoundeasilywithcontact-planelogic“countthenumberofcornersthattouchthecommonplane”modeofcontactisdeterminedbycounts:e.g.1-4=“corner-face”note:”touch”impliesgap<0BlockA1corner2edge3faceBlockB1corner2edge3faceDistinctElementMethodContactmechanics Allcontactsareassumedtobe“soft”-i.e.contactforcesaredirectlyrelatedtothedeformationsor“overlaps”atcontacts.Forpoint-contact,Hertz/Mindlincontactlawscanbeused.Foredge-to-edgecontact,suchasrockjoints,variousconstitutivelawscanbeused–e.g.,elastic/Coulombslip.

UDEC&3DECalsohavethe”continuouslyyielding”model,whichemployscontinuousfunctionsfortheforcedisplacementrelations.Thereisalsointernaldamageaccumulation.44/160DistinctElementMethodSolidbodymechanics TherearetwoformulationsRigidbodytranslationandrotationDeformablebodymechanics

45/160Rigidbodytranslationandrotation

Ifmostofthemovementinasystemtakesplaceinadiscontinuousway(e.g.sliding,opening,relativerotation,interlocking),thenthebodiesmaybeassumedtoberigid.DistinctElementMethod46/160Deformablebodymechanics

Ifthereisappreciabledeformationoftheintactmaterial,comparedtodiscontinuousmotion,thenthebodiesmustbetakenasdeformable.DistinctElementMethod47/160Deformablebodymechanics

Inordertomodeldeformableblocks,thereareautomaticgenerators–inUDECtodivideabodyintotriangles,andin3DECtodividebodiesintotetrahedra.Thefinite-differenceformulationfortheseinternalelementsisidenticaltothatforFLAC.Severallinearandnon-linearconstitutivemodelscanbeusedintheinternalelements.

DistinctElementMethod48/160TheExplicitDynamicSolutionScheme

appliedwiththe

DistinctElementMethod

49/160UDECsolvesthefulldynamicequationsofmotionevenforquasi-staticproblems.Thishasadvantagesforproblemsthatinvolvephysicalinstability,suchascollapse.Tomodelthe“static”responseofasystem,arelaxationschemeisusedinwhichdampingabsorbskineticenergy.Thisapproachcanmodelcollapseproblemsinamorerealisticandefficientmannerthanotherschemes,e.g.,matrix-solutionmethods.00BasisoftheSolutionSchememovie50/160OverviewofDEM&explicit,dynamicsolutionschemeTheformulationisverysimple.Forexample,foraballimpactingawall,massOnetimestep,

unknownsknowns(allcontacts,ingeneral)(allparticles,ingeneral)Fulldynamicequations

(integrationofNewton’s2ndlaw)

Explicit

solutionschemeThreeconsequencesofthisformulationareasfollows…(centraldifference–2ndorderaccurate)51/1601.Treatingeachbodyasdiscrete(DEM)

allowsdiscontinuousmaterial(suchasarockmass)tobemodeledeasily.2.Fulldynamicequationsofmotionallowtheevolutionofunstablesystemstobesimulatedrealistically.3.Explicitsolutionschememakesthetaskofhandlingnonlinearitytrivial.Examplesofnonlinearitiesare:(a)contactmaking&breaking;(b)softeningmaterialbehavior(rock-like);e.g.,forcedisplacementINPUTOUTPUTTheexplicitschemeusesatimestepsosmallthat

informationcannotpropagatebetweenneighborsinonestep.Thus,eachelementisisolatedduringonestep,enablingmtkD<S52/160ComputationCycleinUDEC

ksknFnFsDunDusAllthecontactsCONSTITUTIVE+MxiAtthecentroidALLTHEBLOCKSMOVEMENTzonenodeAttheelementAtthenodeMOVEMENTALLTHEBLOCKSRIGIDBLOCKSDEFORMABLEBLOCKSGoto53/160TIMESTEPThesolutionschemeusedinDEMisconditionallystable.Alimitingtimestepmustsatisfyboththecalculationforinternalblockdeformationandinter-blockrelativedisplacement.Forstabilityoftheblockdeformationcomputation:wheremiisthemassassociatedwithblocknodei;andkiisthemeasureofstiffnessoftheelementssurroundingthenode.Forcalculationsoftheinter-blockrelativedisplacement,thelimitingtimestepiswhereMministhemassofthesmallestblockinthesystem;andKministhemaximumcontactstiffness.Thecontrollingtimestepis54/160MECHANICALDAMPINGMechanicaldampingisusedinUDECforstatic(non-inertial)solutionsandfordynamicsolutions.Forstaticanalysis,theapproachissimilarto“dynamicrelaxation.”Theequationsofmotionaredampedtoreachaforceequilibriumstateasquicklyaspossibleundertheappliedinitialandboundaryconditions.55/160DYNAMICRELAXATIONIndynamicrelaxationblocks(andgridpoints)aremovedaccordingtoNewton’slawofmotion.TheequationsofmotionaredampedtoreachaforceequilibriumstateasquicklyaspossibleDampingisvelocity-proportional–i.e.,themagnitudeofthedampingforceisproportionaltothevelocityoftheblocks.

Velocity-proportionaldampingintroducesbodyforcesthatcanaffectthesolution.UDECprovidestwodifferenttypesofdampingtominimizethisproblemforstaticanalysis:adaptiveglobaldamping(DAMPauto)localdamping(DAMPlocal)56/160ADAPTIVEGLOBALDAMPINGAdaptiveglobaldampingisaservo-mechanismusedtoadjustthedampingconstantautomaticallysuchthatthepowerabsorbedbydampingisproportionaltotherateofchangeofkineticenergyinthesystem.Adjustmentoftheviscosityconstantismadebyanumericalservo-mechanismthatseekstokeeptheratio,R,equaltoagivenratio(e.g.,0.5).

Dampingforcesareintroducedtotheequationsofmotion:whereFi

istheunbalancedforce57/160LOCALDAMPING

Thedampingforce,Fdis:

InUDECtheunbalancedforceratio(ratioofunbalancedforce,Fi

,totheappliedforcemagnitude,Fm)ismonitoredtodeterminethestaticstate.Bydefault,whenFi

/Fm

<10-5inUDECthenthemodelisconsideredtobeinanequilibriumstate.Thedampingforceatagridpointisproportionaltothemagnitudeoftheunbalancedforcewiththesignsettoensurethatvibrationalmodesaredamped.58/160

BASISOFSTATICSOLUTIONSINUDECTheunbalancedforceratio(ratioofunbalancedforce,Fi

,totheappliedforcemagnitude,Fm)ismonitoredtodeterminethestaticstate.Boththeadaptiveglobaldampingandlocaldampingdynamicsolutionmethodsprovideastaticsolution(withtheeffectofinertialforcesminimized)providedtheunbalancedforceratioreachesasmallvalue.Thisiscomparabletothe“l(fā)evelofresidualerror”or“convergencecriterion”definedformatrixsolutionmethodsusedinmanyfiniteelementprograms.InUDEC,theleveloferrorisquantifiedbytheunbalancedforceratio.InbothUDECandFEsolutions,thestaticsolutionprocessterminateswhentheerrorisbelowadesiredvalue.59/160ComparisonofadaptiveglobaldampingandlocaldampingAsimpleexample:tenblocksslideonaroughbase*Velocityproportionaltoout-of-balanceforcewithproportionalityconstantDynamicrelaxationwithstandardvelocity-proportionaldampingAdaptiveglobaldampingLocaldamping*60/160MASS(DENSITY)SCALINGForstaticanalysis,materialinertialmassescanbescaledsothatlocalcriticaltimestepsareincreased.Thevalueofinertialmassisirrelevanttomodelingstaticsystems,providedgravityforcesarecorrectlypreserved.(Notethatgravitationalmassesarenotaffected.)Criticaltimestepcanbeincreasedbecauseitisproportionalto.Theprocedure,called“densityscaling,”scalestheinertialdensityofblocksorzonesbasedontheiraverageblock,orzone,mass.DensityscalingisinvokedwiththeMSCALEcommand.Itisturnedonautomaticallywheneverlocaldampingoradaptiveglobaldampingisused.提綱3DEC(5.0)軟件特點(diǎn)3DEC(5.0)理論基礎(chǔ)3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析FullFeaturesof3DEC1、Discontinuousmediummodeledasanassemblageofconvexpolyhedraorconcavepolyhedra(formedbyjoiningtogetherconvexpolyhedra);blocksmayberigidordeformable2、Discontinuitiestreatedasboundaryconditionsbetweenblocks3、Motionalongdiscontinuitiesgovernedbylinearandnon-linearforce-displacementrelationsformovementsinboththenormalandsheardirection4、Materialmodelsinclude:elastic,anisotropic,Mohr-Coulomb,DruckerPrager,bilinearplasticity,strainsoftening,creep,anduser-defined5、Modelingattributesmayincludeabsorbingboundariesandwaveinputforfullydynamicresponse;"null"blocksforexcavationandbackfillsimulation;structuralelementswithgeneralcouplingtoblocks6、Extensive,fastinteractivemenu-based3DOpenGLon-screengraphics.Availableplotsinclude:jointstructure;blockstructure;displacementandvelocityvectorsandcontours;jointplanedisplacementsandstresses;structuralelementdisplacementsandstresses;and,fluidflowaperturesandvelocities.Hardcopygraphicsareavailableinseveralindustrystandardformats7、UtilitiesincludeapreprocessorthatreadsAutoCADfilesandoutputs

3DEC

datafilesforpolyhedrageneration;tunnelgeneratorandstatistically-basedjoint-setgenerator8、Built-inprogramminglanguage(FISH)providespowerfulflexibilitytocustomizeanalyses9、Explicittimemarchingsolutionthatprovidesrealisticpath-dependentpostpeakfailurebehaviorinjointsandplasticzonesFullFeaturesof3DEC10、Modeling"infinitedomain"problemsusinginner/outerregioncouplingandautomaticradially-gradedmeshgeneration11、Effectivestresscalculationperformedusingpore-pressuregradients12、Jointfluidflowwiththermalandmechanicalcoupling13、Structuralelementswithcables,beams,andliners14、Singleprecision,doubleprecision,and64bitversionsaresupplied15、Automaticmeshgenerationinfullydeformableblocks16、AutomatictimestepcalculationFullFeaturesof3DEC1、Improvedperformancea.Multi-threadedstressandcontactcalculations,2-3timesfasteronanIntel4-coreprocessorb.Improvedcompileroptimizationsc.Unjoin/Deletehasbeenspedupbyafactorof100.d.Fasterjoinedgridpointlogic2、ImprovedProjectsupportintheuserinterfacea、Pack/UnpackBundleofallfilesassociatedwithaprojectb、Canbesavedforarchive,orsentforsupportc、Builtintexteditorperformsbetteronlargefilesd、ContextSensativehelpforcommands(F1)intexteditorNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.03、Command-lineUNDOa.Undoanynumberofcommandsgiveninteractivelysincelastsavepointb.Implementedbyplayingbackarecordkeptofallinputc.Allfilesaffectingthemodelstatekeptaspartoftherecord

d.ModelStatepaneinGUIshowsrecord,allowscopy/paste4、ImprovementstoEulerequationsofmotiontoincludesecondordertermsforfastrotationofrigidblocks5、New"WALL"blocktype.Calculationsforwallmotionandwalltowallcontactsareskippedtospeedupmodelruns

6、AdditionalcontrolkeywordsforSolveFOS

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.07、FISHImprovementsa.Command-linedebugging

b.Improvederrormessagesc.Dynamicarrays

d.Zonefielddatafunctionse.C++

FISH

intrinsicplug-insf.Unlimited(subjecttomemorylimitations)

FISH

extravariablesforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsubcontacts

g.Inline

FISH

-executeoneline

FISH

programsasaparameterinacommandh.CancreatelocalvariablesduringtheLOOPcommandNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.07、FISHImprovementsi.EXITLOOPtobreakoutofaloopj.CONTINUEtoskiptheremainingcodeinaloopk.ELSEIF

l.Commandprocessorparsesnestedfunctionsorarrayswithargumentscorrectlym.Commandprocessorcanbeusedtoassignvectorvaluesf.FISH

fileopennowsupportsappend

g.FISH

arrayswillreferencecount,anddeletethemselvesifnointernalorexternalsymbolsreferencethemNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.08、Newgeometrylogica.Specifygeometricdataseparatefromthemodelb.CanbeusedwithRanges,Plottingandhasfull

FISH

accessc.Import/Export3DsurfacesinDXForSTLformats(andtwoItascadefinedformats)d.Create,modifyandmanipulategeometricsurfaceswith

FISHe.Paintmodeldataontogeometricsurfaces,forcontouringf.Builtinabilitytoassigngroupsbasedoncountingprojectionintersections,similarto"SpaceRanger".Availableforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsub-contactsg.Multipleextravariablesandgroupscanbeassignedtogeometrynodes,edges,andpolygons.

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.09、PlottingImprovementsa.Zoneplottingcapabilityi.Zonegroupsii.Isosurfacesofzoneorgridpointdata

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.09、PlottingImprovementsb.Detachable（可分開(kāi)）

panesintheuserinterfacec.Plotjointpropertiesd.Improvedmousecontrolsforviewmanipulatione.Rightmouseforallcameramodification,lefttointeractwithplot/modelf.Lightingg.NewPlotExportoptions

i.Postscriptii.VRML,whichcanbeimportedintoAcrobat3Diii.SVG(ScalableVectorGraphic)iv.DXF

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0h.NewContourRamps（斜面）

addedasoptionstoContourplotsi.RetooledUserDefinedDatai.Multipleextravariablesandgroupscanbeassignedtoeach

ii.MultipleImport/Exportformatsj.Additionalscalarsaddedtolistofvaluesplottedfromstress,straintensorsk.Improvedqualityofprintedoutput

i.Legends,charts,etc.aredrawnatprinternativeresolutionii.ReducedchanceofdifferencesbetweenwhatisonthescreenandwhatisonthepageNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0l.EqualangleStereonet（立體圖）

ofprincipalstress/strainorientations,joints,and

FISH

extravariables

m.PaintingofcalculatedresultsonimportedgeometricsurfacesNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.010、DiscreteFractureNetworksupport

a.Generation,Import,Export,Plotting,etc

b.BlockscanbecutusingDFNgeometryc.DifferentjointpropertiescanbeappliedonthejointplanesoutsideoftheinitialfractureextentstoenablefracturepropagationNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.011、DENSIFYcommand

a.Usesexternallydefinedsurfacestodefine

3DEC

blockgeometryb.Subdividearangeofblocksintosmallerblocksc.OctreeblockingcapabilityNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.012、Watertabledefinitionfromgeometry(e.g.importeddxf)13、INSITUcommandcanspecifyprincipalstresses14、FullUnicodesupport15、Warningdialogboxa.Warningsareaccumulatedinapop-upboxthatdoesnotstopcommandprocessingb.Awarningleveltolerancetocausethedialogtoappearcanbedefined16、ImprovedCALLcommanda.Canstartatagivenline,oratalabelinthefile

b.CanstartmultiplefilesinonecommandExample:callfirst.dat

line30callsecond.dat

labellable1NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0第一個(gè)文件名從第30行開(kāi)始執(zhí)行第二個(gè)文件名從標(biāo)簽lable處開(kāi)始執(zhí)行注：指定標(biāo)簽時(shí)，“:label”必須放在行首17、DENSIFYcommand18、"CopytoClipboard"optionaddedtotheobjectqueryInformationBoxNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.018、DatainExcelSpreadsheet19、Environmentvariableexpansioninsidestrings20、GUIcommandallowssavingprojectfileduringbatchprocessing21、Built-intexteditorperformsbetteronlargefiles22、Programoptionalfeaturesmaynowbeleased23、Securitykeyupdatescannowbedonedirectlyin

3DEC24、ImprovedSYSTEMcommanda.Canpassmultipletokens,andcanspecifyatimeoutduration25、Grouplogicavailableforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsubcontactsa.Unlimitednumberofgroupslotsb.GrouprangeelementsNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0提綱3DEC(5.0)軟件特點(diǎn)3DEC(5.0)理論基礎(chǔ)3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析3DEC5.0

GraphicsCapabilities3DECMainWindowSavedstatesConsoleElementinfomationDatafilesPlotviewsPlotitemlistCaptionLegendViewinfomationAttributesViewcontrolLables3DECMainWindowFilemenuEditmenu3DECMainWindowToolsmenu3DECMainWindowLayoutmenuPanesmenuDocumentsmenuHelpmenu3DECMainWindowLayoutmenuPanesmenuDocumentsmenuHelpmenu3DECMainWindow執(zhí)行新視圖復(fù)制視圖輸出視圖操縱模式查詢(xún)模式itemviewinformationTerminologiesin3DECTermsdescribingtheattitudeofaninclinedplane3DECFilesProjectFile(*.3dprj)–Theprojectfilecontainsinformationrelatedtoa specific3DECproject.Thisincludeslinkstothedata fileandsavefilerelatedtotheproject,theplotviews generated

fortheprojectandtheguilayout.DataFile(*.3ddat)–ASCIIfilelisting3DECcommandsthatrepresenttheproblembeinganalyzedSaveFile(*.3dsav)–Binaryfilecontainingvaluesofallstatevariablesanduser-definedconditionsatstagethatfileissavedLogFile(*.log)–ASCIIfile

thatrecordstextappearingonthescreen intoalogfileHistoryFile(*.his)–ASCIIfilerecordofinputoroutputhistoryvaluesPlotFile–Graphicsplotfile(invariousstandardformats)MovieFile(*.dcx)–StringofPCXimagesthatcanbeviewedasa“movie”ModelBuildingin3DECTwoapproaches:CutupalargepolygonintothedesiredgeometryCreateseparatepolyhedraandconnectthemtogetherModelgenerationcommandstocreateandshapealargepolyhedronPOLYbrick

xl,xuyl,yuzl,zuPOLYface

xa1,ya1,za1xa2,ya2,za2...

face xb1,yb1,zb1xb2,yb2,zb2...

.

.POLYprism

a

xa1,ya1,za1xa2,ya2,za2...

b

xb1,yb1,zb1xb2,yb2,zb2...POLYtunnel keywords...POLYface

&

POLYbrickpoly&face0,0,01,0,01,1,00,1,0&face0,0,00,0,11,0,11,0,0&face0,0,00,1,00,1,10,0,1&face1,1,11,1,01,0,01,0,1&face1,1,11,0,10,0,10,1,1&face1,1,10,1,10,1,01,1,0polybrick0,10,10,1POLYprismpolyprisma(0,0,0)(-.5,.87,0)(-.5,1.87,0)(0,2.74,0)&(1,2.74,0)(1.5,1.87,0)(1.5,.87,0)(1,0,0)&b(0,0,4)(-.5,.87,4)(-.5,1.87,4)(0,2.74,4)&(1,2.74,4)(1.5,1.87,4)(1.