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第02講空間點(diǎn)、直線、平面之間的位置關(guān)系(精練)A夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)一、單選題1.(2022·山東青島·高一期末)下列命題正確的為(

)A.兩條直線確定一個(gè)平面B.一條直線和一個(gè)點(diǎn)確定一個(gè)平面C.若直線在平面外,則這條直線與這個(gè)平面沒(méi)有公共點(diǎn)D.若兩條直線沒(méi)有公共點(diǎn),則這兩條直線為平行直線或異面直線【答案】D選項(xiàng)A:兩條直線的關(guān)系可以分為相交、平行、異面,兩條異面直線不能確定一個(gè)平面,A錯(cuò)誤.選項(xiàng)B:當(dāng)點(diǎn)在直線上時(shí),則不能確定一個(gè)平面,B錯(cuò)誤.選項(xiàng)C:直線和平面的關(guān)系分為線在面內(nèi)、線面平行、線面相交,當(dāng)線面相交時(shí),有一個(gè)公共點(diǎn),C錯(cuò)誤.選項(xiàng)D:兩條直線的關(guān)系可以分為相交、平行、異面,若兩條直線沒(méi)有公共點(diǎn),則這兩條直線是平行直線或異面直線,D正確.故選:D.2.(2022·北京通州·高一期末)如圖,在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0 B.直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0C.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0是相交直線 D.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0是異面直線【答案】D在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0不重合,即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,A不正確;點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,B不正確;直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0無(wú)公共點(diǎn),直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0沒(méi)有公共點(diǎn),C不正確;直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0無(wú)公共點(diǎn),直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0沒(méi)有公共點(diǎn),又SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0,即直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0不平行,因此直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0是異面直線,D正確.故選:D3.(2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一期末)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是空間中兩條不相交的直線,則過(guò)SKIPIF1<0且平行于SKIPIF1<0的平面(

)A.有且僅有一個(gè) B.有一個(gè)或無(wú)數(shù)個(gè) C.至多有一個(gè) D.有無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)【答案】B∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是空間中兩條不相交的直線,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0只可能平行或者異面.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平行時(shí),則過(guò)直線SKIPIF1<0且平行于直線SKIPIF1<0的平面有無(wú)數(shù)個(gè);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0異面時(shí),如圖,在SKIPIF1<0上取一點(diǎn)O,過(guò)O作SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0確定平面SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)過(guò)直線SKIPIF1<0且平行于直線SKIPIF1<0的平面有且只有一個(gè).故選:B.4.(2022·北京·高一期末)如圖,在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,與直線SKIPIF1<0互為異面直線的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A,SKIPIF1<0,故A不正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B,SKIPIF1<0,故B不正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0相交,故C不正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,因?yàn)橹本€SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0不同在任意一個(gè)平面,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0是異面直線,故D正確.故選:D.5.(2022·廣西欽州·高一期末)如圖,長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0的12條棱中與SKIPIF1<0異面的共有(

)A.4條 B.5條 C.6條 D.7條【答案】C由題意,長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0的12條棱中與SKIPIF1<0異面的有SKIPIF1<0共6條故選:C6.(2022·四川宜賓·高一期末)在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,E、F分別是SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則異面直線AE與BF所成角的余弦值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,如圖,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0中,所以SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行且相等,又SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行且相等,所以SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行且相等,從而SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,所以異面直線AE與BF所成角是SKIPIF1<0或其補(bǔ)角,設(shè)正方體棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0.所以異面直線AE與BF所成角的余弦是SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.7.(2022·湖北·高一期末)如圖,在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的余弦值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0兩兩垂直,將三棱錐SKIPIF1<0置于一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體中,如圖所示,易知SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角即為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角為SKIPIF1<0(或其補(bǔ)角),由題意可知,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,由余弦定理,得SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的余弦值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.8.(2022·四川達(dá)州·高二期末(理))正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長(zhǎng)為1,點(diǎn)P在正方體內(nèi)部及表面上運(yùn)動(dòng),下列結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤的是(

)A.若點(diǎn)P在線段SKIPIF1<0上運(yùn)動(dòng),則AP與SKIPIF1<0所成角的范圍為SKIPIF1<0B.若點(diǎn)P在矩形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)部及邊界上運(yùn)動(dòng),則AP與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0C.若點(diǎn)P在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)部及邊界上運(yùn)動(dòng),則AP的最小值為SKIPIF1<0D.若點(diǎn)P滿足SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)P軌跡的面積為SKIPIF1<0【答案】B連接SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合時(shí),AP與SKIPIF1<0所成角最小為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),AP與SKIPIF1<0所成角最大為SKIPIF1<0,故A對(duì).連接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合時(shí),AP與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角最大為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度最大,此時(shí)AP與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角最小,最小角為SKIPIF1<0,故AP與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤.SKIPIF1<0四面體SKIPIF1<0是正四面體,棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,等邊SKIPIF1<0的中線長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,故四面體的高為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故C對(duì).點(diǎn)P滿足SKIPIF1<0時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0在以SKIPIF1<0為球心,半徑為1的球面上,又因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)P在正方體內(nèi)部及表面上運(yùn)動(dòng),故點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的球面上運(yùn)動(dòng),故面積為SKIPIF1<0,故D對(duì).故選:B二、多選題9.(2022·貴州黔東南·高一期末)如圖是一個(gè)正方體的展開(kāi)圖,如果將它還原為正方體,則下列說(shuō)法中正確的是(

)A.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0共面 B.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0異面C.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0共面 D.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0異面【答案】ACD如圖,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相交,故A正確;在正方體中,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0共面,故B錯(cuò)誤;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0共面,故C正確;由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0不在同一個(gè)平面,且SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0既不平行也不相交,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0為異面直線,故D正確.故選:ACD.10.(2022·山東日照·高一期末)已知正方體SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn)(不與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0重合),過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作垂直于直線SKIPIF1<0的平面SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0與正方體表面相交形成的多邊形記為SKIPIF1<0,下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0只可能為三角形或六邊形B.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線BD所成的角為SKIPIF1<0C.當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的周長(zhǎng)最大D.當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的面積最大【答案】ABD∵正方體SKIPIF1<0,體對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0若向點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0方向平移,則SKIPIF1<0為三角形,SKIPIF1<0若向點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0方向平移,則SKIPIF1<0可能為六角形,A正確;∵SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,∴直線SKIPIF1<0與直線BD的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,B正確;∵當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0為正六邊形PQRSTW,而三角形SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,根據(jù)中位線定理,SKIPIF1<0,易得兩個(gè)截面周長(zhǎng)相等,故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0為正六邊形PQRSTW,設(shè)邊長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0,面積為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0向下移動(dòng)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0為六邊形SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合圖形可知兩鄰邊一條增大,一條減小,且變化量相等,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,而且所有六邊形的高都相等,且等于SKIPIF1<0,兩鄰邊夾角都為120°,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為三角形時(shí),面積最大為SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的面積最大,故D正確.故選:ABD三、填空題11.(2022·黑龍江·齊齊哈爾市第八中學(xué)校高一階段練習(xí))已知a,b表示兩條不同的直線,SKIPIF1<0表示平面,給出下列四個(gè)命題:①若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,②若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,③若a和SKIPIF1<0相交,SKIPIF1<0,則b和SKIPIF1<0相交,④若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a不可能和b互為異面直線,命題正確的序號(hào)是______.【答案】③④①若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故錯(cuò)誤;②若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,相交或異面,故錯(cuò)誤;③因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,假設(shè)b與SKIPIF1<0平行,則a與SKIPIF1<0平行或a在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),與a和SKIPIF1<0相交矛盾,故b與SKIPIF1<0不平行;若b在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則a與SKIPIF1<0平行或a在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),與a和SKIPIF1<0相交矛盾,故b不在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),所以b和SKIPIF1<0相交,故正確;④若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由異面直線的定義知,a不可能和b互為異面直線,故正確.故答案為:③④12.(2022·河南·濮陽(yáng)一高高一階段練習(xí)(文))如圖,在正方體中,A、B、C、D分別是頂點(diǎn)或所在棱的中點(diǎn),則A、B、C、D四點(diǎn)共面的圖形______(填上所有正確答案的序號(hào)).【答案】①③④圖①:取GD的中點(diǎn)F,連結(jié)BF、EF,∵B、F均為相應(yīng)邊的中點(diǎn),則:SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0又∵SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0即ABFE為平行四邊形∴AB∥EF同理:CD∥EF則AB∥CD即A、B、C、D四點(diǎn)共面,圖①正確;圖②:顯然AB與CD異面,圖②不正確;圖③:連結(jié)AC,BD,EF,∵BE∥DF即BDFE為平行四邊形∴BD∥EF又∵A、C分別為相應(yīng)邊的中點(diǎn),則AC∥EF∴BD∥AC即A、B、C、D四點(diǎn)共面,圖③正確;圖④:連結(jié)AC,BD,EF,GH,∵GE∥HF即GEFH為平行四邊形,則GH∥EF又∵A、C分別為相應(yīng)邊的中點(diǎn),則AC∥EF同理:BD∥GH∴BD∥AC即A、B、C、D四點(diǎn)共面,圖④正確.故答案為:①③④.四、解答題13.(2022·廣東珠?!じ咭黄谀┤鐖D,在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.求(1)求直線SKIPIF1<0和直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角的大?。?2)求直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角的大小.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0(1)在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為直線SKIPIF1<0和直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為銳角,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0和直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角的大小為SKIPIF1<0,(2)連接SKIPIF1<0,在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為銳角,所以SKIPIF1<014.(2022·廣東韶關(guān)·高一期末)如圖,已知正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長(zhǎng)為2,E,F(xiàn)分別是AB,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).(1)求直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0所成角的正切值;(2)求三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積.【答案】(1)2(2)1(1)解:在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0即為直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0所成角,在SKIPIF1<0中,易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0所成角的正切值為2.(2)解:在正方形SKIPIF1<0中,有SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,即三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為1.B能力提升1.(多選)(2022·天津一中高一期末)《九章算術(shù)》中將底面為直角三角形且側(cè)棱垂直于底面的三棱柱稱為“塹堵”;底面為矩形,一條側(cè)棱垂直于底面的四棱錐稱之為“陽(yáng)馬”;四個(gè)面均為直角三角形的四面體稱為“鱉膈”.如圖在塹堵SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.下列說(shuō)法不正確的是(

)A.四棱錐SKIPIF1<0為“陽(yáng)馬”、四面體SKIPIF1<0為“鱉膈”B.若平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0的交線為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)分別為M、N,則直線CM、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0相交于一點(diǎn)C.四棱錐SKIPIF1<0體積的最大值為SKIPIF1<0D.若F是線段SKIPIF1<0上一動(dòng)點(diǎn),則AF與SKIPIF1<0所成角的最大值為90°【答案】ABD由題意可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,四棱錐SKIPIF1<0是“陽(yáng)馬”,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形,顯然SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形,SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形,SKIPIF1<0

,∴SKIPIF1<0也是直角三角形,∴四面體SKIPIF1<0是“鱉膈”,A正確;由題意可知,MN是SKIPIF1<0的中位線,SKIPIF1<0,即MN與SKIPIF1<0共面,SKIPIF1<0,連接CM和SKIPIF1<0并延長(zhǎng),必交于一點(diǎn)P,則有SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0=l,SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;設(shè)BC=m,AC=n,則有SKIPIF1<0,四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)m=n時(shí)成立,即四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;過(guò)點(diǎn)A作SKIPIF1<0的垂線,得垂足H,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)F點(diǎn)與H點(diǎn)重合時(shí),異面直線AF與SKIPIF1<0的夾角可以取到SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;故選:ABD.2.(多選)(2022·福建省廈門(mén)集美中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))“阿基米德多面體”也稱為半正多面體,它是由邊數(shù)不全相同的正多邊形為面圍成的多面體,體現(xiàn)了數(shù)學(xué)的對(duì)稱美.如圖,將正方體沿交于同一頂點(diǎn)的三條棱的中點(diǎn)截去一個(gè)三棱錐,共截去八個(gè)三棱錐,得到的半正多面體的表面積為SKIPIF1<0,則關(guān)于該半正多面體的下列說(shuō)法中正確的是(

)A.AB與平面BCD所成的角為SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.與AB所成的角是SKIPIF1<0的棱共有16條 D.該半正多面體的外接球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0【答案】AC補(bǔ)全該半正多面體得到一正方體,設(shè)正方體的棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,由題意知,該半正多面體由6個(gè)全等的正方形和8個(gè)全等的正三角形構(gòu)成.則由半正多面體的表面積為SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為AB與平面BCD的夾角,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為直角三角形,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以AB與平面BCD所成的角為SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;∴SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;在與SKIPIF1<0相交的6條棱中,與AB所成的角是SKIPIF1<0的棱有4條,又這4條棱中,每一條棱都有3條平行的棱,故與AB所成的角是SKIPIF1<0的棱共有16條,故C正確;由半正多面體的對(duì)稱性可知,其對(duì)稱中心與相應(yīng)的正方體的對(duì)稱中心是同一點(diǎn),其對(duì)稱中心為正方體的體對(duì)角線的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0的投影點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故該半正多面體的外接球的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,面積為SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤;故選:AC.3.(多選)(2022·吉林毓文中學(xué)高一期中)已知矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0沿對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0進(jìn)行翻折,得到三棱錐SKIPIF1<0,則在翻折的過(guò)程中有下列結(jié)論:(

)A.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積最大值為SKIPIF1<0B.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球體積不變C.異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的最大值為SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的最大值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】AB對(duì)于A,當(dāng)平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離最大,此時(shí)三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積最大,作SKIPIF1<0,垂足為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積最大值為SKIPIF1<0,A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0均為以SKIPIF1<0為斜邊的直角三角形,SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)到SKIPIF1<0四點(diǎn)的距離相等,即SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球球心,SKIPIF1<0三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球半徑SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球體積SKIPIF1<0,為定值,B正確;對(duì)于C,假設(shè)異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,則此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是以SKIPIF1<0為斜邊的直角三角形,SKIPIF1<0,與已知矛盾,SKIPIF1<0假設(shè)錯(cuò)誤,C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角為SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0距離為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0距離最大時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角最大,當(dāng)平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0距離最大,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AB.C綜合素養(yǎng)1.(2022·安徽蚌埠·高一期末)底面是菱形的直四棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的余弦值;(2)若SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),求三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0(1)因?yàn)橹彼睦庵鵖KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形,∴SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0即為異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角,因?yàn)榱庑蜸KIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,易得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,易得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0即異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的余弦值為SKIPIF1<0.(2)∵SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.2.(2022·全國(guó)·高一專題練習(xí))如圖,在三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中,AA1與AC,AB所成的角均為SKIPIF1<0,∠BAC=SKIPIF1<0,且AB=AC=AA1,E是B1C1的中點(diǎn),則直線AE與BC所成的角為_(kāi)_______,直線A1B與AC1所成角的余弦值為_(kāi)_______.【答案】

SKIPIF1<0##SKIPIF1<0

SKIPIF1<0如圖所示,連接AB1,因?yàn)锳A1與AC,AB所成的角均為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以AC1=AB1,又因?yàn)镋是B1C1的中點(diǎn),所以AE⊥B1C1,又BCSKIPIF1<0B1C1,所以AE⊥BC,即直線AE與BC所成的角為SKIPIF1<0.

如圖所示,把三棱柱補(bǔ)為四棱柱ABDC-A1B1D1C1,連接BD1,A1D1,AD,

由四棱柱的性質(zhì)知BD1SKIPIF1<0AC1,則∠A1BD1就是異面直線A1B與AC1所成的角或補(bǔ)角.設(shè)AB=a,∵AA1與AC,AB所成的角均為60°,且AB=AC=AA1,∴A1B=a,BD1=AC1=2AA1·cos30°=SKIPIF1<0a.又∠BAC=90°,∴在矩形ABDC中,AD=SKIPIF1<0a,∴A1D1=SKIPIF1<0a,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴∠BA1D1=SKIPIF1<0,∴在直角三角形SKIPIF1<0中,cos∠A1BD1=SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<03.(2022·浙江省義烏中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))香囊,又名香袋、花囊,是我國(guó)古代常見(jiàn)的一種民間刺繡工藝品,香囊形狀多樣,如圖1所示的六面體就是其中一種,已知該六面體的所有棱長(zhǎng)均為2,其平面展開(kāi)圖如圖2所示.則圖2中兩線段SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,在圖1的六面體中實(shí)際所成的角為_(kāi)_______,若該六面體的正視圖由一菱形與其兩條對(duì)角線組成(如圖3所示),則這個(gè)菱形的面積為_(kāi)_______.【答案】

SKIPIF1<0##SKIPIF1<0

SKIPIF1<0##SKIPIF1<0

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