英語六級 閱讀 練習(xí)

六級閱讀練習(xí)題精選

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthisPart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

Unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwitha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerly

snappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayiofthe

Howeitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit.AmIinthis?heasks,before

smashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,Hethinksthesethingswillsteal

hisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief.

Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegan

circulatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnatives

mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamore

objectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butin

someways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathan

theonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesof

primitivecultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.

Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,

oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorth

AmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin

1915—eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.

Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,

primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshave

taughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointout

intheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888has

keptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmerican

conventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen's

breastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtomasunderby

warorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstated

pledgetopresentonlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthe

depictionofanidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.

LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslush

imageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeople

lookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionand

images.

1.Themainideaofthepassageis.

[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesternersyperceptionofthe

indigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.

[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.

[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticand

idealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.

[DJAnthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessof

theirpictures.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften.

[A]tookpictureswiththenatives

[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives

[DIgavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses

3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato.

[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.

[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatsteal

theirvirtues.

[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.

[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.

4.“Buiinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthe

camerathantheonethatstaresback."Inthissentence,theuone[culture]thatstaresback”

refersto.

[A]theindigenousculture

[B]theWesternculture

[C]theacademicculture

[D]thenewsbusinessculture

5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?

[AJReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpictures

takenoftheindigenoussocieties.

|B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.

[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhite

middle-classvalues.

答案及解析

1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners,perceptionof

theindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.

解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時，為了不與西方

讀者的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經(jīng)濟

發(fā)展水平較為落后的社會中人們的生活。他們經(jīng)常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成

分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟不發(fā)達(dá)的，有異域

風(fēng)情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經(jīng)濟落后社會的畫面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，

戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。

2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

解析：文章第二段說，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamore

objectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.nJ見早期

到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。在照相機發(fā)明之后，科學(xué)家能更好

地客觀反映那些遠(yuǎn)方地區(qū)的真實情況。

3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagic

thatstealtheirvirtues.

解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》

（導(dǎo)演：DAVIDLEAN）中的一個片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關(guān)系。作

者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，

那里的人們對現(xiàn)代的文明，和從沒見過的現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物容易產(chǎn)生誤解。電影中的土著搶

走了LAWRENCE的照相機，因為他懷疑，那從未見過的玩意兒會偷走他的“美好品德

（VIRTUE）”。但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔(dān)心并非全無道理。因為西方的記

者和學(xué)者們，為了描繪??個西方人心目中固有的土著社會（或者經(jīng)濟發(fā)展欠發(fā)達(dá)社會）的

形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級的趣味。在短

文中，作者有時候并不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌,

書籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文

章都會開門見山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當(dāng)成對文章大意的總結(jié)。

4.答案是[A]theindigenousculture

解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthe

camerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章切入主題的重點句?？忌鷳?yīng)該格外注意在閱讀

文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞（例如，HOWEVER,BUT,NEVERTHELESS,

NONETHELESS等）開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統(tǒng)論點，或者普遍看法的關(guān)鍵地方。

本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說是那個盯視著照

相機的（被拍攝的）文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機的（西方）文化。作者暗示，照片

反映了西方攝影者的偏見和對落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價值觀，并不是完全

真實客觀的那些不發(fā)達(dá)社會的寫照。這句話基本上是對文章中心意思的總結(jié)。如果對文章

的主題有大致的認(rèn)識，就不會將本題選錯。

5.答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC

的作者之一。她們在書中寫道，《國家地理》雜志自從1888年創(chuàng)刊以來，就直刊登那些

不和美國中產(chǎn)階級白人的價值觀發(fā)生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的

婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象。她們認(rèn)為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些

西方主流雜志中展現(xiàn)的，似乎是相對而言沒有痛苦的，也不存在階級斗爭的社會。因此答

案CThewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties（西方媒體并

沒有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實畫面）最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點。

Notes生詞注釋：

snapV,按動快門

lootv.掠奪，搶劫

sabotagev./n.（從事）破壞活動

indigenousadj.本土的

exaggeratedadj.夸張的

anthropologicaladj.人類學(xué)的

ethnographern.民族志學(xué)者，人種學(xué)者

accoutrementn.穿著，酉已備

enactv.（本文）扮演

ritualn.典禮,（宗教）儀式,禮節(jié)

veracityn,真實性

legendaryadj.傳說中的，傳奇般的

reinforcev.增強

stereotypen.陳腔濫調(diào)；老套

taboon.禁忌，避諱

unsettlev.令人不安

depictionn.描述

lushadj.青蔥的，味美的，繁榮的

PassageTwo

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedan

inappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,

oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommon

senseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbased

ontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedical

schoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,

insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,and

culturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,and

subculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondary

schoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;

therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandothers

whichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.The

selectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityand

positiveethicalbehaviour-ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsin

advance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswith

integrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathat

suggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarily

improve;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthatthe

academicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medical

schoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclear

fromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththe

studentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool's

examinationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,the

treatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.

6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

[AJExtensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

|B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

[CJWearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause

[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.

[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.

[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.

[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.

8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

(AJFamily,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

|B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.

|C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviour.

[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfrom

cheating?

[AJMedicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlow

integrity.

[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.

[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.

10.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

［A］Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.

［B］Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobe

appliedinmedicalschools.

［C］Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureof

integrity.

［DJThosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.

答案及解析

6.答案是ID|Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonis

lacking.

解析：文章第一段說，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthis

phenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupon

onthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了

解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所

掌握的DATA是insufficient（不充足的），那么所說的都不符合文章的原意，故

均為錯誤選項。只有［D］的敘述正確。

7.答案是［A］Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.

解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通

常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就

決定了，對醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅決打擊。［B］項說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原

因。［C］醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府，［D］醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。

8.答案是［A］Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

解析：［A］的內(nèi)容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時?，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在,

原因是多方面的。學(xué)生在上醫(yī)學(xué)院之前受到的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定

他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項［A］的內(nèi)容。的說法雖然都有道理，但是都

過于絕對。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長的教育,電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是

決定性的。Leading,always,primarily之類的用詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項。

9.答案是［C］Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

解析：［A］“醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該確立明確道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的申請者”是錯誤選項。因

為文章談到如何甄別申請醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生的道德素質(zhì)的時候，作者用的是虛擬語氣have的過去

式had（ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance）：如果能有可

靠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能預(yù)先了解學(xué)生的道德水平，醫(yī)學(xué)院在錄取的時候應(yīng)該照顧那些恪守道德準(zhǔn)則

的學(xué)生。可見目前并沒有這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循。［B］Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedy

theillsofasociety.和文章的內(nèi)容相反。因為文章明確地說Medicalschools...cannotbeexpected

toremedyalltheillsofasociety.?項錯，因為文章的本意是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生在學(xué)期間，道德

素質(zhì)不僅不會提高，而且可能下降（regress）。但是作者并沒有說，醫(yī)學(xué)院在提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)

方面無計可施，而是敦促學(xué)校采取相應(yīng)措施，imbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethical

sensitivity,（增強未來的醫(yī)師們的道德感）。

10.答案是［C］Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofa

cultureofintegrity.

解析:［C］項和文章最后一段的Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresa

partnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing相呼

應(yīng)。［A］錯，因為作者沒有建議醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。［B］的敘述不準(zhǔn)確，因為作者的本

意是醫(yī)學(xué)界的要人應(yīng)該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設(shè)定一套人人遵循的行規(guī)。［D］錯，作者僅

提議醫(yī)學(xué)院對有違反道德準(zhǔn)則學(xué)生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅決，公正，透明和統(tǒng)一的。作者并沒有

明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。

Notes生詞注釋：

in叩propriateadj.不合適的；不適宜的

lenientadj.寬容的，寬恕的，仁慈的

validityn.確實性，效力，合法性

multifactorialadj.（不常用）多方面的

familialadj.家庭的

normn.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范，準(zhǔn)則

rampantadj.繁茂的，蔓延的,（本文）猖獗的

imbuev.浸透,使充滿，感染

ethicaladj.道德的;倫理的

remedyv.治療，修理，補救

integrityn.正直，誠實，清廉，完整

regressv.退回，倒退

pervasiveadj.到處彌漫的，到處滲透的

nurturingadj.養(yǎng)育的，培養(yǎng)的

infractionn.違反，違法的行為

transparentadj.透明的

PassageThree

Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeing

played.Whenthenarrativesofthegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosomegenres.

ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere'Platformers'and

'Beat-them-ups.TPlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfrom

platformtoplatform,avoidingobstacles,movingonthroughthelevels,andprogressingthrough

thedifferentstagesofthegame,Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernover

theirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolvefightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthis

violencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren'scartoonswhereacharacterishitoverthe

headorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.

Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospill

overintochildrenyseverydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolent

andaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.Playingcomputergamesinvolves

feelingsofintensefrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive'yells'atthe

screen.Itisnotonlythe<Beat-them-up,gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgames

arejustasfrustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheir'lives'and'die'justbeforetheend

ofthelevelisreached.Computergamingreliesuponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimages

onthescreenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.Whentheplayerlosesandthewords

'Gameover,appearonthescreen,thereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythe

computerandathavingmadeanenor.Thisangerandaggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedto

theaggressionfeltwhenplayingfootballandyoutakeyoureyeofftheballandenablethe

oppositiontoscore.Theannoyanceexperiencedwhendefeatedatacomputergameiswhatmakes

gaming*addictive":theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesamemistakeagainandtohave

'onelastgo'inthehopeofdoingbetternexttime.

Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunable

totellthedifferencebetweenfictionandrealityandwhoactouttheviolentmovesofthegamesin

fightontheplayground.Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethan

televisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.Playing

thesegamescanleadtoanti-socialbehavior,makechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotional

stability.

11.Whatisthetopicofthisarticle?

[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand'Beat-Them-Ups,.

[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames

[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames

12.Whichofthefollowinggamesissupposedtocontainviolentcontent?

[A]Sonic

[B]SuperMario

[C]Platformer

[D]Beat-Them-Up

13.Whatdoesunscathed(Paragraph1,Lastline)probablymean?

[Alunsettled

[B]unbeaten

[Cjunharmed

[DJunhappy

14.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,howdoesviolencerelatetoplayingcomputergames?

[AlWhenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrenthereforemorelikelytoproduceviolent

behavior.

[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobemoreviolentthanothers.

[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedtothegames.

15.Accordingtotheauthor,whydovideogamesleadtoviolencemorethanTVormovies?

[A]Becausechildrencannottellfictionfromreality.WWW.CN-MPA.COM2005-8-165:10:56

[B]Becausechildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegamesontheplayground.

[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

[D]Becausecomputergamescanproducemoreanti-socialbehavior.

答案及解析

11.答案是[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

解析：文章的主題，可以從第一段中看出。作者開頭就說，Abigfocusofthecriticismof

computergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed（計算機游戲的內(nèi)容遭至U

很多非議）。第二段開頭，作者又用這樣的話引出下文：Controversyhasoccurredinpart

becauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren'severydaylives.

Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolonged

exposuretothesegames.（計算機游戲引起爭議，有部分原因是因為，小孩打游戲總是過了

頭，游戲已經(jīng)滲透到他們生活中去。人們擔(dān)心，孩子們因為打游戲時間過長，漸漸變的有

暴力傾向。）第三段開頭，作者說，Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshas

beenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandreality對?算機游

戲的?些擔(dān)心，來自于孩子無法辨別虛構(gòu)世界和現(xiàn)實世界?？梢姡髡弑疚闹饕懻摰膯?/p>

題，是計算機游戲中的暴力給孩子們帶來的影響。

12.答案是[D]Beat-Them-Up

解析：該細(xì)節(jié)可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介紹了主要的兩類電子游戲：Platformers

和Beat-Them?Ups。前者包括Sonic和超級瑪麗。后者是打游戲者作為游戲中的卡通人物的

單人獨斗類游戲，后者一般被認(rèn)為有暴力內(nèi)容。關(guān)鍵語句為Beat-them-upsarethegames

whichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.

13.答案是[C]unharmed

解析：可以根據(jù)上下文判斷：文章第一段結(jié)尾，unscathed出現(xiàn)的語句為，Inmanywaysthis

violencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren'scartoonswhereacharacterishitoverthe

headorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.（從很多方面來說，可以把電子游戲里的暴

力和卡通片里的暴力比較：卡通片中的人物被擊中腦袋，或者從懸崖上掉下去，也可以毫

發(fā)無損地走開。）只有［C］正確。其他選項，［A］unsettled：紊亂的，無人居住的，東飄西蕩

的，不安定的。［B］unbeaten：未搗碎的，未被擊敗的；未被超越的；［D］unhappy：不快樂

的，不幸福的，都是錯誤選項。

14.答案是［A］Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

解析：文章第二段介紹為什么沉迷于電子游戲中會使孩子們產(chǎn)生暴力傾向。作者先將本段

內(nèi)容在開頭進(jìn)行綜述，小孩打游戲總是過了頭，游戲已經(jīng)滲透到他們生活中去。人們擔(dān)心,

孩子們因為打游戲時間過長，漸漸變的有暴力傾向。尤其是游戲即將失利的時候，玩家就

會覺得沮喪，為自己曾經(jīng)的失誤氣惱，總想再來一次（have*onelastgo'）。作者說，

Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同樣會使孩子們覺得失利后的沮喪，因此網(wǎng)的說法，

Beat-Them-Ups更受歡迎，因此更容易激發(fā)暴力行為，是錯誤的。［C］,手眼協(xié)調(diào)出色的人

更容易有暴力傾向，文章并沒有相關(guān)內(nèi)容。［D］,游戲中的暴力使得孩子們沉迷于游戲中，

文章也沒有這樣的說法。作者認(rèn)為，容易使孩子們沉迷于其中的，是他們自己玩游戲時候

的失利，游戲結(jié)束時，看到GAMEOVER,他們對自己在打那一局時所犯錯誤的懊惱。

15.答案是［C］BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

解析：問的是為什么電子游戲比電影和電視更容易激發(fā)孩子們的暴力行為。解題的關(guān)鍵語

句是Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilms

andthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.電子游戲比電影或電視都更

容易讓孩子們有身臨其境的參與感，從而對他們的社會行為影響更大。容易錯選成［A］,孩

子們分不清虛構(gòu)和現(xiàn)實世界，這雖然是文章原句，但這并不是作者想引出的游戲和影視的

根本區(qū)別。［D］是打游戲的結(jié)果，并不是作者想探究的，為什么游戲比影視更容易讓孩子產(chǎn)

生暴力行為的原因。

注釋Notes

narrativen.（本文中作名詞）敘述，故事

genren.類型，流派

obstaclen.障礙物

animatedadj.動畫的

cliffn.懸崖

unscathedadj.毫發(fā)無損的

controversyn.爭議

spilloverinto深入到,滲透到

prolongedadj.長時間的

frustrationn.挫折

coordinationn.協(xié)調(diào)，協(xié)調(diào)性

annoyancen.煩惱，煩擾，惱怒，惱火

addictiveadj.讓人上癮的

implicationn.含義，內(nèi)涵

stabilityn.穩(wěn)定性，穩(wěn)定

PassageFour

InBrazil,thedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs,affectsmostlysoybean

production.Brazilistheworld'ssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesand

aheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailerswanttoremainGMfree.

Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthe

legalizationofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshave

beenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies*attemptstolegalizealteredfood.Inradiodramas

thatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretellingsoyfarmerstheuseof

geneticallymodifiedseedscouldendangertheirhealth,theirfieldsandtheirbusiness.Wearenot

sayingthatgeneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmorescience

tobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,saidcampaign

coordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.The

otherquestionisoneconomics.WhatwethinkisthatinBrazil,ifweapprovetheGMOs,wewill

loseaspectacularadvantagethatwehavenow.Wearesellingmoretotheinternationalmarket,

mostlyforEuropeandAsia,thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becausewearenotGMO

contaminated.

Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilian

farmingregionstorouseconsumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublicpolicy

directorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremainindependent.Whenthe

small-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseed,thisfarmerwillbecompletely

dependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrolintellectualpropertyrightsovertheseseeds,he

said.

BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,

butthatdoesn'tmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.

Despitetheofficialban,Dr.PavansaysuptoonethirdofBraziFssoycropisgeneticallymodified,

becauseGMseedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.Brazil'sgovernmenthasinvestedheavilyin

aGMprojectbytheU.S.biotechcompany,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowinga

successfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.

Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians'preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidential

electionwillgivethemtimetogatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfutureattemptstolegalize

geneticallyalteredcrops.

41.Accordingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazilis.

[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcropsWWW.CN-MPA.COM

2004-5-2722:19:31

[B]Brazil'sstandingintheinternationalmarket

[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[DJthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms

42.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld'ssoybeanproducer.

[A]largest

[B]secondlargest

[CJthirdlargest

[DJfourthlargest

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?

[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers'health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.

[DJTheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.

44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid?

[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymo