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閱讀理解全剖析

考試大綱對英語閱讀作了以下說明:

1.理解語篇主旨大意;2.理解文中具體信息;

3.根據(jù)上下文提供的線索推測生詞的詞義;4.作出簡單的判斷和推理;

5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);6.理解作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。

一.主旨大意+作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度

設(shè)題方式

①.考查文章的中心思想

Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat.

Thepassageismainlyabout.

Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

②.考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis.

③.考查作者的寫作態(tài)度和意圖

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthispassage?

Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.

Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell.

Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

干擾項特點

1.以偏概全。干擾項只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容,也就是文章的局部信息。

2.斷章取義。干擾項常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設(shè)置內(nèi)容,或者

以次要的事實或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。

3.主題擴大。干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大,超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。

4.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上,構(gòu)成一個干擾項。考生不

注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案。

5.無中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項中的關(guān)鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了,但認(rèn)真分析

之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。

解題指導(dǎo)

L分清主次,抓住主干,找出主題句。

主題句是歸納表達文章中心思想的句子,它的出現(xiàn)有四種情況:

1)主題句在開頭。主題句出現(xiàn)在段落或文章的開頭部分,起著開宗明義、點明主題的作用,

它可以使讀者一開始就明白文章所講的內(nèi)容主旨。而支撐句則使用一些具體的人、物、數(shù)字

或具體的步驟來闡述或論證主題,常伴有forexample\i.e.\thatis\first\second\finally\once

\anothertime\fbronething等詞。例如:

Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderful

animalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday,Nearly

fourdecadeslater,Istilllookbackfondlytothatgoldendayatsea.

54.whatisthethemeofthestory?(2010年湖北卷A篇)

A.Savinglivesbringspeopleasenseofhappiness

B.Fishingprovidesexcitementforchildren

C.Ifsnecessarytoliveinhannonywithanimals

D.It'svitaltoprotecttheenvironment

54.答案:A考點::考查主旨大意從文章最后一段可以概括出來

MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewith

respect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessand

sincerity.

59.Whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?(2010年重慶卷A篇)

A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.

C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.

D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.

解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一句NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoI

thinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.可知,作者想要表

達的是不要以貌取人。由此判斷選D項。

Weoftendon'trememberthingsaswellwhenwe'retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthe

sametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,

soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople's

namesevensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffect

ourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycome

offasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkey

informationbeingpassedontothem.

52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2010年浙江卷C篇)

A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.

C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.

D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.

解析:主旨大意題。最后一段中作者繼續(xù)描述了之前的觀點:一個人同時從事多項工作會出

現(xiàn)很多問題。回到整篇文章,作者主要觀點就是告訴大家:多項工作不能產(chǎn)生高效的結(jié)果,

故選擇B。

[考例分析1171.Thepassageismainlyabout.(2009江西卷)

A.honourandwritersB.identityandsignature

C.signatureandresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature【答案】C

[解析】考生可以快速瀏覽每段首尾兩句來確定每段的主題句,從而確定文章的主題句O

例如文章首段就舉例引出名字和責(zé)任的關(guān)系,從最后一句Responsibilityisthenameofthe

game可看出;第二段和第三段分別舉出兩個反例來論證,注意兩段的開頭的關(guān)鍵短語to

acceptresponsibilityfortherelationship和remainanonymousforvariousreasonso最后——段總

結(jié),與首段形成照應(yīng)。A項是斷章取義。命題者利用最后一段中的honour來命題,從而設(shè)

置干擾項。B、D兩項是以偏概全。Identity和anonymity只是在第三段提及。

【考例分析2】60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)

A.Theresearchintowarhistory.B.Thefindingofaforgottenhero.

C.Thepilotsofthetwoworldwars.D.Theimportanceofmilitarystudies.

【解析】文章講述由一張舊報紙上的照片重新發(fā)現(xiàn)英雄McKayde過程以及對McKay的了解

和評價,所以B項正確。文章首段便是主題句。A項斷章取義,文章只是提到了一戰(zhàn),并

非講述歷史;C項似是而非,命題根據(jù)文中的pilot來設(shè)題迷惑考生,實際上只是講述了一

戰(zhàn)時的一位飛行員;D項無中生有,根本沒有提及軍事研究的重要性。

[考例分析3]45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2009天津卷)

A.Thechangesoftheauthor'sattitudetohermother'sEnglish.

B.Thelimitationoftheauthor'sperceptionofhermother.

C.Theauthor'smisunderstandingof“l(fā)imited"English.

D.Theauthor\experiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.[答案]A

【解析】文章講述的是作者對母親的brokenEnglish由開始的“認(rèn)為是不完美的

(imperfect)”到后來逐漸認(rèn)識到母親的語言“內(nèi)涵豐富”的一個變化過程。首段點明主旨,

末段最后一句與之形成照應(yīng)。B、C兩項均以偏概全。B項是對第二、三段的概括,C項是

對最后一段的概括。D項是張冠李戴,實際上是作者的母親的經(jīng)驗。

2)主題句在結(jié)尾。用歸納法寫的文章,其結(jié)構(gòu)是表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子放在前面,概述性的句子

放在后面,并以此而結(jié)尾,所以結(jié)尾的句子起著總結(jié)歸納、畫龍點睛的作用,多伴有so

\therefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等詞。例如:

【考例分析4】71.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009北京卷)

A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.

C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.

D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.【答案】A

【解析】文章強調(diào)音樂教育的重要性,應(yīng)當(dāng)引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。最后一段的“S。music

educationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.”是主題句。B項無中生有,文章沒

有提及topeducationpriority;C項是以偏概全,只是第四段的大意;D項是斷章取義,命題

者以第四段中的imagination為出題依據(jù)來迷惑考生。

【考例分析5】75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009重慶卷)

A.Scienceanditsapplicationsbringusmanydangers.

B.Thedevelopmentofsciencemostlyliesinpeople'sattitudes.

C.Mankindcanlargelytakecontrolofsciencewiththeirefforts.

D.Thefutureofsciencewillbeinfluencedbythedangerousideas.(答案]B.

【解析】文章主要講述了科學(xué)向好的方向還是壞的方向發(fā)展主要由人的態(tài)度決定。最后

一段點明主旨;A是項以偏概全,是第四段的大意;C項也是以偏概全,是第二段的大意;

D項斷章取義,命題者根據(jù)文中的dangerous和idea來出題迷惑考生,而實質(zhì)上并沒有表達

這樣的意思。

【考例分析6168.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)

A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.

C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.【答案】D

【解析】本文主要講述了魚類保持身體瘦小的原因。末段首句是文章的主題句。A項主

題擴大,文章開始使用了人類瘦身與魚類瘦身相類比,目的在于引起讀者的興趣,但不是文

章敘述的主要內(nèi)容。B項無中生有,文章并沒有提及healthoC項斷章取義,文章只是用human

dieting來襯托fishingdiet。

3)主題句在中間。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章中間的情況通常是文章的開頭部分提出問題,陳述

細(xì)節(jié),導(dǎo)出主題句,然后再進一步用細(xì)節(jié)支持說明主題句。在文章中間的主題句通常起著承上

啟下的作用.例如:

【考例分析7】56.Theauthorofthetextmainly.(2009陜西卷)

A.describestheactivitiesofalaw-breakerB.suggestsanidealwaytotravel

C.arguesagainsttheair-couriertravelD.tellsusaboutadevelopingbusiness

解析:本文介紹一個新型的職業(yè)——航空投送員。第六段最后一句點明主旨,答案D

艮:"Itisnotcheapforabusinesstosendapackagewithanaircourier,butitisquick."。文章開

頭舉例以引起讀者的興趣,最后一段介紹這種新職業(yè)的發(fā)展情況。

值得注意的是:有些文章和段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題這就要求考生

在閱讀過程中,根據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意。

2.理清層次關(guān)系,,選出最佳標(biāo)題

標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達,多為一個名詞詞組,短小明了,函蓋性強。做這類題目時,

要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,把握好層次關(guān)系。注意選項的歸納范圍要恰如其分,干擾項往往是局

部信息,是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們在解題時要反復(fù)推敲,把概括范圍過窄或

過寬的選項過濾掉。例如:

Whenyou'relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(壓力)ofthe

worldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!

49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2010年全國卷IIB篇)

A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCritic

C.TravelGuidesontheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving

49.答案:D考點::考主旨大意

解析:提示在文章第一段結(jié)尾句“Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!,,

和第二段第二句"butitneveroccurredtomethatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthose

things,“說明了沒有想到“度假也可以謀生”的欣喜之情。

ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesof

gettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevision

onchildren.

67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?(2010年遼寧卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段)

A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren

C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits

67.B.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要通過兩項研究分析了兒童看電視所造成的影

響。文章第一段第一句話是主題句,所以B項作為標(biāo)題是最佳的。

Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.

Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.

Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?

Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的弓I語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot

abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseems

thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural

thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:,,Toerrishuman,toforgive,

divine(神圣的).“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.

Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking

responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.

55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforhispassage?(2010年天津卷D篇-文章第一部分)

A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgive

C.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse

55.A.主旨大意題。從全文和引言后第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知文章標(biāo)題:人性的鏡子。

引言后第一段第三句可知:批評別人的錯誤

【考例8]75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitileforthispassage?(2009福建卷)

A.SavingEnergyStartsatHome.B.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWork

C.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonable

D.ReducingEmissionsofCO?ProvesDifficult【答案】A

【解析】本文作者說明人們從日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)做起,從自己家庭開始,一點一滴著手保

護環(huán)境。文章首段最后一句是文章的主題句。接下來三段講述的是個人節(jié)約能源的方法。B

項是斷章取義。末段最后一句提到了B項內(nèi)容,但只是說明這是節(jié)約能源的方法之一;C

也是斷章取義,文章雖然提到個人的行為也能改變氣候,但這并非主題;D項是無中生有,

文章并沒有提到此項內(nèi)容。

3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞,判斷作者意圖

作者在描述事實或傳遞信息時,不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點和態(tài)度都不可避免地在文章

中反映出來。常見的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類此(approving,positive,optimistic,等),貶

義類詞(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性類此(indifferent,serious,objective,

concerned,neutral)。這就要求考生在閱讀時應(yīng)特別注意文章的措辭,尤其注意那些表達感情色

彩的形容詞如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等,以及作者對人物語言、行

為和思想的描寫,從中領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作意圖和態(tài)度。例如:

【考例9]Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad.Butwhentheworldoffantasy

becomestheonlyoutlet(出路)foroursenseofwonder,thenwearereallymissingsomething.We

aremissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.But

evenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough,wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroad

sense,arereallypartofourown.

75.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(2010年重慶卷E篇)

A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.

B.Towarnusnottogetlostinthefantasyworld.

C.Toargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.

D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe.

75.答案:Bo作者意圖題。由文章最后一段可知,作者寫這篇文章的目的就是要告訴我們

不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判斷選B項。

65.Theauthorintendsto(2009山東卷)

A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters5falsepromises

B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety

C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful

D.introducetheorganizationofFDA.[答案]A

【解析】通讀全文可知,作者的目的是讓消費者注意虛假的承諾。注意第四段第一句中

的關(guān)鍵短語nothingmorethanmoney-makingthings,dangeroustohealth以及文章最后一句都

能體現(xiàn)作者的意圖。B、D兩項都是以偏概全;C項無中生有,文中根本沒有提及。

[考例分析10】68.Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents.(2009海南、

寧夏卷)

A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenager

C.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowup【答案】D

【解析】本文主要講了作為父母,我們應(yīng)該如何幫助孩子成長。首段最后一句是主題句。

注意這些關(guān)鍵詞句:giveyourchild...;teachyourteenager;expectalotfromchild等,這些都表

明了作者寫本文的目的。A項主題擴大,和孩子相處包含很多內(nèi)容,而文章所講只是其中的

一個方面;B項以偏概全,在第二段最后提及,并非主題句;C項是無中生有,文章沒有提

及。

總之,主旨大意類題雖然綜合性強,對考生的能力要求較高,但只要我們掌握了一定的解題

技巧,在讀懂讀透文章的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)對比四個備選項之間的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的差異,定能

準(zhǔn)確地找出正確答案。

二.細(xì)節(jié)題

正確答案的特點:與原文情節(jié)表達手法不同,但所表達的意思相同。

干擾選項的特點:L是原文信息,但與題目要求不符;

2.符合常識,但不符合原文內(nèi)容;

3.與原文情節(jié)極為相似,只是在程度上有些變動;

4.選項中所提供的信息部分正確,部分錯誤;

5.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

例如:ForNonnanBethune,savingliveswasthemostimportantthingintheworld.

NormanBethunethoughtthat_.

A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworld

B.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctor

C.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthingforhim

D.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives

1、直接事實題:

先讀題干,確定讀材料的時要查找的細(xì)節(jié)及事實的范圍,然后利用略讀手法找出出處。

2、間接事實題:

需結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。

3、事實細(xì)節(jié)題:主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解

能力,問題主要包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果

(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考具體細(xì)節(jié)。

常見問題形式有

1.三正一誤(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或三誤一正(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文

容):

?.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept...?

②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept...

2.定義3.年代與數(shù)字4.比較5.原因和結(jié)果

Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Only

recently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermom,"Idon't

knowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.

61.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?(2010年湖南卷)

A.Shedidn*tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.

C.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice.

61.答案D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

解析:根據(jù)第二段"Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregret

ignoringhermom,'Idontknowhowtouseacomputer,'sheadmits.”可判斷選D項。

62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary(2010年湖南卷)

A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawards

C.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting

考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案B

解析:根據(jù)第二段"Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmany

awards.”可判斷選B項。

Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAU,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winning

actressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).Allthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfbr

theJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF),anorganizationsheservesasinternational

chairman.HIfelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butI

wantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartin

managingthedisease."

63.Mary*ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther_;_(2010湖南卷)

A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusiness

C.servicefbranorganizationD.remembranceofhermother

考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案A

解析:根據(jù)第三段“hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmore

aboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).”可判斷選A項。

Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itis

nottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.The

universalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andso

transmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendto

forgetwhatamiracle(奇跡)itis.

72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakefbrgrantedis.(2010年江西E篇)

A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnology

C.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth

考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案:A

題目:根據(jù)文章,我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的奇跡是:

A:我們使用語言的能力B:技術(shù)的奇跡C:自然的驚人力量

D:我們用嘴制造噪音的能力。

解析:根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilityto

makenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.可知:我

們把使用語言的能力這個奇跡當(dāng)做理所當(dāng)然。B,C選項與文章不符,在第一段第二句話中可

得知。D選項易誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生,在文章中雖然有原話,但一句話沒有說完,關(guān)鍵是通過嘴巴發(fā)出

的聲音去給其他人傳遞信息。故D選項也是錯誤的。

Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe'dbetterfindawaytofightback.Heleft

Canton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabetic

Rockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar,com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirloved

ones-aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources.

57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor.(2010年山東卷A篇)

A.diabeticstocommunicateB.volunteerstofindjobs

C.childrentoamusethemselvesD.rockstarstoshareresources.

考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案:A

解析:根據(jù)afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100

peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources可知A項正確。

Thesedays,Thomas'smainfocusishischarity(慈善機構(gòu)),FightIt,whichprovidesmedicines

andsuppliestopeople-225todate-whocan*taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghas

raisedabout$23,000一inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabetic

RockstarFestivalintheCaribbean.

59.WhatcanwelearnaboutFightIt?(2010年山東卷A篇)

A.Ithelpsthediabeticsinfinancialdifficulties.B.Itorganizespartiesforvolunteeronceayear.

C.Itofferslessexpensivemedicinetodiabetics.D.Itownsawell-knownmedicalwebsite.

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople-225to

date——whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedaboutS23,000——in

productsandincash.可知A項正確。

Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor'sdegreeatUCBerkeley,whereshe

studiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster'sincreativewritingfromSanFrancisco

StateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythat

analyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.

67.WhichofthefollowingistrueofRaeArmantrout?(2010年山東卷C篇)

A.Shepublishedapoetrytextbook.B.SheusedtoteachDeniseLevertov.

C.Shestartedapoets'groupwithothers.

D.ShetaughtcreativewritingatUCBerkeley.

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroup

inAmericanpoetry可知C項正確。

Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympic

Games,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.People

whowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjust

theathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincan

meansomuch.

43.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?(2010天津卷B

篇)

A.Itinspirespeople'sdeeploveforthecountry.

B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.

C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.

D.Itearnsthewinnersfameandfortune.

43.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthata

goldmedalisawinfbranentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.可知A項正確。

Thisstory-whichhappenedbeforeIwasbom-remindsmehowextraordinarymymother

was,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothaving

enoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchen

andturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciled

marksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,

rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible(看不到的)exhibitsateverymeal.

48.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor.(2010年天津卷C篇)

A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheralotoftrouble.

C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.

D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.

48.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段中有IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenough

child-freetimetowork.可知答案。

Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的弓I語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot

abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseems

thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural

thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,

divine(神圣的).“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.

Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking

responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman'smaturity?(2010年天津卷D篇)

A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityfbrhismistakes.

C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible.D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoing.

52.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話However,takingresponsibilityfbrsomethingthat

wentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.可得出答案。

SaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingto

say.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoSteve

thatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacing

andpausing.

64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?(2010年二|匕京卷)

A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.

C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.

64.C細(xì)節(jié)題,難題。難在弄不清誰是S誰是B,耐心讀,動筆劃,從第一段得出正確答

案并不難:SarafeltBettydidn*tholdupherendoftheconversation

Fullgovernmentfunding(資助)isnotverygoodfbruniversities.AdamSmithworkedina

Scottishuniversitywhoseteacherslivedoffstudentfees.Heknewandlookeddownupon

18th-centuryOxford,wheretheacademicslivedcomfortablyofftheincomereceivedfromthe

government.Guaranteedsalaries,Smithargued,weretheenemyofhardwork;andwhenthe

academicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarlylazy.

69.Theauthorthinksthatwithfullgovernmentfunding(2010年北京卷)

A.teachersarelesssatisfiedB.studentsaremoredemanding

C.studentswillbecomemorecompetentD.teacherswillspendlesstimeonteaching

69.D細(xì)節(jié)題,簡單題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ftillgovernmentfunding”定位原文,根據(jù)”文題順序

一致”原則從上一題them后面去找,會找到Fullgovernmentfunding(資助)isnotverygoodfor

universitiesandwhentheacademicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarly

lazy,“l(fā)azy"轉(zhuǎn)換成"spendlesstime”不難得出正確選項。

例1.ManyAmericanpresidentsinthe19thcenturywerebominpoorfamilies.Theyspent

theirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,fbr

example,neverwenttoschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,

shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.

AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.Thetwobestknownwere

UlyssesGrant(尤利塞斯?格蘭特)andDwightD.Eisenhower(德懷特,艾森豪威爾).Grant

wasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointheSecondWorldWarIt

happenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschool-WestPointMilitaryAcademy(西點軍

校)……

Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.

A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWar

C.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarIL

例2.1nvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”,Miss

LuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlast

Sunday.

BominShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhas

neverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetook

partinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlinefbrsevenyears.

However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,

making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.

“It'sreallyahardjobfbrme.Iwon'tenterfbrsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iam

quitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkfbrthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthe

title.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,nsaidLuo

Linwithasweetsmile.

Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.

三.猜測詞義題:詞、短語意思的猜測主要依據(jù)它所在段落的內(nèi)容進行。如果該段落比

較短,信息量不足,那么與之相鄰的上下兩個段落的內(nèi)容則是猜詞義的重要依據(jù)。

1.詞義猜測題常用的提問方式:

l).Thewordrefersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby.

2).Thewordismostlikelytomean.

3).Whatdoyouthinktheexpression"…"standsfor?

4).Theunderlinedword"…"means

2.猜測詞義方法

l).Definition定義法2).Contrast對比法3).Similarity相似法4).Causeandeffect因果法

5).Example例舉法6).WordFormation構(gòu)詞法7).Context上下文8).CommonSense常識法

l).Definition定義法:一般通過定義、定語(從句)或同位語(從句)來確定詞義。

①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()

②.Theherdsman、wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()

2).Contrast對比法:利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞(組)猜測詞義。

Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.Andmy

friendMalleryinvitedme.

60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?(2010年遼寧卷)

A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal

60.B.詞義猜測題。從第一句的hate,到but意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折,說明盡管不喜歡,還是要“嘗

試一下”,所以try的意思更接近shot。

①.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.

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