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閱讀理解全剖析
考試大綱對英語閱讀作了以下說明:
1.理解語篇主旨大意;2.理解文中具體信息;
3.根據(jù)上下文提供的線索推測生詞的詞義;4.作出簡單的判斷和推理;
5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);6.理解作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。
一.主旨大意+作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度
設(shè)題方式
①.考查文章的中心思想
Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat.
Thepassageismainlyabout.
Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
②.考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇
Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis.
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis.
③.考查作者的寫作態(tài)度和意圖
Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthispassage?
Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.
Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell.
Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.
干擾項特點
1.以偏概全。干擾項只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容,也就是文章的局部信息。
2.斷章取義。干擾項常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設(shè)置內(nèi)容,或者
以次要的事實或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。
3.主題擴大。干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大,超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。
4.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上,構(gòu)成一個干擾項。考生不
注意的情況下,會造成錯選答案。
5.無中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項中的關(guān)鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了,但認(rèn)真分析
之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。
解題指導(dǎo)
L分清主次,抓住主干,找出主題句。
主題句是歸納表達文章中心思想的句子,它的出現(xiàn)有四種情況:
1)主題句在開頭。主題句出現(xiàn)在段落或文章的開頭部分,起著開宗明義、點明主題的作用,
它可以使讀者一開始就明白文章所講的內(nèi)容主旨。而支撐句則使用一些具體的人、物、數(shù)字
或具體的步驟來闡述或論證主題,常伴有forexample\i.e.\thatis\first\second\finally\once
\anothertime\fbronething等詞。例如:
Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderful
animalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday,Nearly
fourdecadeslater,Istilllookbackfondlytothatgoldendayatsea.
54.whatisthethemeofthestory?(2010年湖北卷A篇)
A.Savinglivesbringspeopleasenseofhappiness
B.Fishingprovidesexcitementforchildren
C.Ifsnecessarytoliveinhannonywithanimals
D.It'svitaltoprotecttheenvironment
54.答案:A考點::考查主旨大意從文章最后一段可以概括出來
MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewith
respect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessand
sincerity.
59.Whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?(2010年重慶卷A篇)
A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.
C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.
D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.
解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一句NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoI
thinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.可知,作者想要表
達的是不要以貌取人。由此判斷選D項。
Weoftendon'trememberthingsaswellwhenwe'retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthe
sametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,
soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople's
namesevensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffect
ourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycome
offasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkey
informationbeingpassedontothem.
52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2010年浙江卷C篇)
A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.
C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.
D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.
解析:主旨大意題。最后一段中作者繼續(xù)描述了之前的觀點:一個人同時從事多項工作會出
現(xiàn)很多問題。回到整篇文章,作者主要觀點就是告訴大家:多項工作不能產(chǎn)生高效的結(jié)果,
故選擇B。
[考例分析1171.Thepassageismainlyabout.(2009江西卷)
A.honourandwritersB.identityandsignature
C.signatureandresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature【答案】C
[解析】考生可以快速瀏覽每段首尾兩句來確定每段的主題句,從而確定文章的主題句O
例如文章首段就舉例引出名字和責(zé)任的關(guān)系,從最后一句Responsibilityisthenameofthe
game可看出;第二段和第三段分別舉出兩個反例來論證,注意兩段的開頭的關(guān)鍵短語to
acceptresponsibilityfortherelationship和remainanonymousforvariousreasonso最后——段總
結(jié),與首段形成照應(yīng)。A項是斷章取義。命題者利用最后一段中的honour來命題,從而設(shè)
置干擾項。B、D兩項是以偏概全。Identity和anonymity只是在第三段提及。
【考例分析2】60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)
A.Theresearchintowarhistory.B.Thefindingofaforgottenhero.
C.Thepilotsofthetwoworldwars.D.Theimportanceofmilitarystudies.
【解析】文章講述由一張舊報紙上的照片重新發(fā)現(xiàn)英雄McKayde過程以及對McKay的了解
和評價,所以B項正確。文章首段便是主題句。A項斷章取義,文章只是提到了一戰(zhàn),并
非講述歷史;C項似是而非,命題根據(jù)文中的pilot來設(shè)題迷惑考生,實際上只是講述了一
戰(zhàn)時的一位飛行員;D項無中生有,根本沒有提及軍事研究的重要性。
[考例分析3]45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2009天津卷)
A.Thechangesoftheauthor'sattitudetohermother'sEnglish.
B.Thelimitationoftheauthor'sperceptionofhermother.
C.Theauthor'smisunderstandingof“l(fā)imited"English.
D.Theauthor\experiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.[答案]A
【解析】文章講述的是作者對母親的brokenEnglish由開始的“認(rèn)為是不完美的
(imperfect)”到后來逐漸認(rèn)識到母親的語言“內(nèi)涵豐富”的一個變化過程。首段點明主旨,
末段最后一句與之形成照應(yīng)。B、C兩項均以偏概全。B項是對第二、三段的概括,C項是
對最后一段的概括。D項是張冠李戴,實際上是作者的母親的經(jīng)驗。
2)主題句在結(jié)尾。用歸納法寫的文章,其結(jié)構(gòu)是表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子放在前面,概述性的句子
放在后面,并以此而結(jié)尾,所以結(jié)尾的句子起著總結(jié)歸納、畫龍點睛的作用,多伴有so
\therefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等詞。例如:
【考例分析4】71.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009北京卷)
A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.
C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.
D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.【答案】A
【解析】文章強調(diào)音樂教育的重要性,應(yīng)當(dāng)引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。最后一段的“S。music
educationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.”是主題句。B項無中生有,文章沒
有提及topeducationpriority;C項是以偏概全,只是第四段的大意;D項是斷章取義,命題
者以第四段中的imagination為出題依據(jù)來迷惑考生。
【考例分析5】75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009重慶卷)
A.Scienceanditsapplicationsbringusmanydangers.
B.Thedevelopmentofsciencemostlyliesinpeople'sattitudes.
C.Mankindcanlargelytakecontrolofsciencewiththeirefforts.
D.Thefutureofsciencewillbeinfluencedbythedangerousideas.(答案]B.
【解析】文章主要講述了科學(xué)向好的方向還是壞的方向發(fā)展主要由人的態(tài)度決定。最后
一段點明主旨;A是項以偏概全,是第四段的大意;C項也是以偏概全,是第二段的大意;
D項斷章取義,命題者根據(jù)文中的dangerous和idea來出題迷惑考生,而實質(zhì)上并沒有表達
這樣的意思。
【考例分析6168.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)
A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.
C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.【答案】D
【解析】本文主要講述了魚類保持身體瘦小的原因。末段首句是文章的主題句。A項主
題擴大,文章開始使用了人類瘦身與魚類瘦身相類比,目的在于引起讀者的興趣,但不是文
章敘述的主要內(nèi)容。B項無中生有,文章并沒有提及healthoC項斷章取義,文章只是用human
dieting來襯托fishingdiet。
3)主題句在中間。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章中間的情況通常是文章的開頭部分提出問題,陳述
細(xì)節(jié),導(dǎo)出主題句,然后再進一步用細(xì)節(jié)支持說明主題句。在文章中間的主題句通常起著承上
啟下的作用.例如:
【考例分析7】56.Theauthorofthetextmainly.(2009陜西卷)
A.describestheactivitiesofalaw-breakerB.suggestsanidealwaytotravel
C.arguesagainsttheair-couriertravelD.tellsusaboutadevelopingbusiness
解析:本文介紹一個新型的職業(yè)——航空投送員。第六段最后一句點明主旨,答案D
艮:"Itisnotcheapforabusinesstosendapackagewithanaircourier,butitisquick."。文章開
頭舉例以引起讀者的興趣,最后一段介紹這種新職業(yè)的發(fā)展情況。
值得注意的是:有些文章和段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題這就要求考生
在閱讀過程中,根據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意。
2.理清層次關(guān)系,,選出最佳標(biāo)題
標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達,多為一個名詞詞組,短小明了,函蓋性強。做這類題目時,
要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,把握好層次關(guān)系。注意選項的歸納范圍要恰如其分,干擾項往往是局
部信息,是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們在解題時要反復(fù)推敲,把概括范圍過窄或
過寬的選項過濾掉。例如:
Whenyou'relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(壓力)ofthe
worldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!
49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2010年全國卷IIB篇)
A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCritic
C.TravelGuidesontheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving
49.答案:D考點::考主旨大意
解析:提示在文章第一段結(jié)尾句“Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!,,
和第二段第二句"butitneveroccurredtomethatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthose
things,“說明了沒有想到“度假也可以謀生”的欣喜之情。
ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesof
gettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevision
onchildren.
67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?(2010年遼寧卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段)
A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren
C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits
67.B.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要通過兩項研究分析了兒童看電視所造成的影
響。文章第一段第一句話是主題句,所以B項作為標(biāo)題是最佳的。
Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.
Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.
Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?
Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的弓I語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot
abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseems
thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural
thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:,,Toerrishuman,toforgive,
divine(神圣的).“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.
Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking
responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.
55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforhispassage?(2010年天津卷D篇-文章第一部分)
A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgive
C.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse
55.A.主旨大意題。從全文和引言后第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知文章標(biāo)題:人性的鏡子。
引言后第一段第三句可知:批評別人的錯誤
【考例8]75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitileforthispassage?(2009福建卷)
A.SavingEnergyStartsatHome.B.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWork
C.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonable
D.ReducingEmissionsofCO?ProvesDifficult【答案】A
【解析】本文作者說明人們從日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)做起,從自己家庭開始,一點一滴著手保
護環(huán)境。文章首段最后一句是文章的主題句。接下來三段講述的是個人節(jié)約能源的方法。B
項是斷章取義。末段最后一句提到了B項內(nèi)容,但只是說明這是節(jié)約能源的方法之一;C
也是斷章取義,文章雖然提到個人的行為也能改變氣候,但這并非主題;D項是無中生有,
文章并沒有提到此項內(nèi)容。
3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞,判斷作者意圖
作者在描述事實或傳遞信息時,不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點和態(tài)度都不可避免地在文章
中反映出來。常見的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類此(approving,positive,optimistic,等),貶
義類詞(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性類此(indifferent,serious,objective,
concerned,neutral)。這就要求考生在閱讀時應(yīng)特別注意文章的措辭,尤其注意那些表達感情色
彩的形容詞如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等,以及作者對人物語言、行
為和思想的描寫,從中領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作意圖和態(tài)度。例如:
【考例9]Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad.Butwhentheworldoffantasy
becomestheonlyoutlet(出路)foroursenseofwonder,thenwearereallymissingsomething.We
aremissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.But
evenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough,wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroad
sense,arereallypartofourown.
75.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(2010年重慶卷E篇)
A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.
B.Towarnusnottogetlostinthefantasyworld.
C.Toargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.
D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe.
75.答案:Bo作者意圖題。由文章最后一段可知,作者寫這篇文章的目的就是要告訴我們
不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判斷選B項。
65.Theauthorintendsto(2009山東卷)
A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters5falsepromises
B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety
C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful
D.introducetheorganizationofFDA.[答案]A
【解析】通讀全文可知,作者的目的是讓消費者注意虛假的承諾。注意第四段第一句中
的關(guān)鍵短語nothingmorethanmoney-makingthings,dangeroustohealth以及文章最后一句都
能體現(xiàn)作者的意圖。B、D兩項都是以偏概全;C項無中生有,文中根本沒有提及。
[考例分析10】68.Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents.(2009海南、
寧夏卷)
A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenager
C.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowup【答案】D
【解析】本文主要講了作為父母,我們應(yīng)該如何幫助孩子成長。首段最后一句是主題句。
注意這些關(guān)鍵詞句:giveyourchild...;teachyourteenager;expectalotfromchild等,這些都表
明了作者寫本文的目的。A項主題擴大,和孩子相處包含很多內(nèi)容,而文章所講只是其中的
一個方面;B項以偏概全,在第二段最后提及,并非主題句;C項是無中生有,文章沒有提
及。
總之,主旨大意類題雖然綜合性強,對考生的能力要求較高,但只要我們掌握了一定的解題
技巧,在讀懂讀透文章的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)對比四個備選項之間的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的差異,定能
準(zhǔn)確地找出正確答案。
二.細(xì)節(jié)題
正確答案的特點:與原文情節(jié)表達手法不同,但所表達的意思相同。
干擾選項的特點:L是原文信息,但與題目要求不符;
2.符合常識,但不符合原文內(nèi)容;
3.與原文情節(jié)極為相似,只是在程度上有些變動;
4.選項中所提供的信息部分正確,部分錯誤;
5.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。
例如:ForNonnanBethune,savingliveswasthemostimportantthingintheworld.
NormanBethunethoughtthat_.
A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworld
B.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctor
C.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthingforhim
D.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives
1、直接事實題:
先讀題干,確定讀材料的時要查找的細(xì)節(jié)及事實的范圍,然后利用略讀手法找出出處。
2、間接事實題:
需結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。
3、事實細(xì)節(jié)題:主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解
能力,問題主要包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果
(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考具體細(xì)節(jié)。
常見問題形式有
1.三正一誤(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或三誤一正(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文
容):
?.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept...?
②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept...
2.定義3.年代與數(shù)字4.比較5.原因和結(jié)果
Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Only
recently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermom,"Idon't
knowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.
61.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?(2010年湖南卷)
A.Shedidn*tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.
C.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice.
61.答案D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
解析:根據(jù)第二段"Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregret
ignoringhermom,'Idontknowhowtouseacomputer,'sheadmits.”可判斷選D項。
62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary(2010年湖南卷)
A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawards
C.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting
考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案B
解析:根據(jù)第二段"Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmany
awards.”可判斷選B項。
Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAU,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winning
actressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).Allthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfbr
theJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF),anorganizationsheservesasinternational
chairman.HIfelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butI
wantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartin
managingthedisease."
63.Mary*ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther_;_(2010湖南卷)
A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusiness
C.servicefbranorganizationD.remembranceofhermother
考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案A
解析:根據(jù)第三段“hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmore
aboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).”可判斷選A項。
Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itis
nottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.The
universalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andso
transmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendto
forgetwhatamiracle(奇跡)itis.
72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakefbrgrantedis.(2010年江西E篇)
A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnology
C.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth
考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案:A
題目:根據(jù)文章,我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的奇跡是:
A:我們使用語言的能力B:技術(shù)的奇跡C:自然的驚人力量
D:我們用嘴制造噪音的能力。
解析:根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilityto
makenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.可知:我
們把使用語言的能力這個奇跡當(dāng)做理所當(dāng)然。B,C選項與文章不符,在第一段第二句話中可
得知。D選項易誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生,在文章中雖然有原話,但一句話沒有說完,關(guān)鍵是通過嘴巴發(fā)出
的聲音去給其他人傳遞信息。故D選項也是錯誤的。
Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe'dbetterfindawaytofightback.Heleft
Canton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabetic
Rockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar,com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirloved
ones-aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources.
57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor.(2010年山東卷A篇)
A.diabeticstocommunicateB.volunteerstofindjobs
C.childrentoamusethemselvesD.rockstarstoshareresources.
考點::細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案:A
解析:根據(jù)afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100
peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources可知A項正確。
Thesedays,Thomas'smainfocusishischarity(慈善機構(gòu)),FightIt,whichprovidesmedicines
andsuppliestopeople-225todate-whocan*taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghas
raisedabout$23,000一inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabetic
RockstarFestivalintheCaribbean.
59.WhatcanwelearnaboutFightIt?(2010年山東卷A篇)
A.Ithelpsthediabeticsinfinancialdifficulties.B.Itorganizespartiesforvolunteeronceayear.
C.Itofferslessexpensivemedicinetodiabetics.D.Itownsawell-knownmedicalwebsite.
解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople-225to
date——whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedaboutS23,000——in
productsandincash.可知A項正確。
Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor'sdegreeatUCBerkeley,whereshe
studiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster'sincreativewritingfromSanFrancisco
StateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythat
analyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.
67.WhichofthefollowingistrueofRaeArmantrout?(2010年山東卷C篇)
A.Shepublishedapoetrytextbook.B.SheusedtoteachDeniseLevertov.
C.Shestartedapoets'groupwithothers.
D.ShetaughtcreativewritingatUCBerkeley.
解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroup
inAmericanpoetry可知C項正確。
Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympic
Games,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.People
whowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjust
theathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincan
meansomuch.
43.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?(2010天津卷B
篇)
A.Itinspirespeople'sdeeploveforthecountry.
B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.
C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.
D.Itearnsthewinnersfameandfortune.
43.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthata
goldmedalisawinfbranentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.可知A項正確。
Thisstory-whichhappenedbeforeIwasbom-remindsmehowextraordinarymymother
was,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothaving
enoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchen
andturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciled
marksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,
rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible(看不到的)exhibitsateverymeal.
48.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor.(2010年天津卷C篇)
A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheralotoftrouble.
C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.
D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.
48.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段中有IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenough
child-freetimetowork.可知答案。
Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的弓I語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot
abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseems
thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural
thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,
divine(神圣的).“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.
Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking
responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.
52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman'smaturity?(2010年天津卷D篇)
A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityfbrhismistakes.
C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible.D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoing.
52.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話However,takingresponsibilityfbrsomethingthat
wentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.可得出答案。
SaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingto
say.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoSteve
thatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacing
andpausing.
64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?(2010年二|匕京卷)
A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.
C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.
64.C細(xì)節(jié)題,難題。難在弄不清誰是S誰是B,耐心讀,動筆劃,從第一段得出正確答
案并不難:SarafeltBettydidn*tholdupherendoftheconversation
Fullgovernmentfunding(資助)isnotverygoodfbruniversities.AdamSmithworkedina
Scottishuniversitywhoseteacherslivedoffstudentfees.Heknewandlookeddownupon
18th-centuryOxford,wheretheacademicslivedcomfortablyofftheincomereceivedfromthe
government.Guaranteedsalaries,Smithargued,weretheenemyofhardwork;andwhenthe
academicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarlylazy.
69.Theauthorthinksthatwithfullgovernmentfunding(2010年北京卷)
A.teachersarelesssatisfiedB.studentsaremoredemanding
C.studentswillbecomemorecompetentD.teacherswillspendlesstimeonteaching
69.D細(xì)節(jié)題,簡單題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ftillgovernmentfunding”定位原文,根據(jù)”文題順序
一致”原則從上一題them后面去找,會找到Fullgovernmentfunding(資助)isnotverygoodfor
universitiesandwhentheacademicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarly
lazy,“l(fā)azy"轉(zhuǎn)換成"spendlesstime”不難得出正確選項。
例1.ManyAmericanpresidentsinthe19thcenturywerebominpoorfamilies.Theyspent
theirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,fbr
example,neverwenttoschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,
shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.
AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.Thetwobestknownwere
UlyssesGrant(尤利塞斯?格蘭特)andDwightD.Eisenhower(德懷特,艾森豪威爾).Grant
wasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointheSecondWorldWarIt
happenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschool-WestPointMilitaryAcademy(西點軍
校)……
Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.
A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWar
C.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarIL
例2.1nvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”,Miss
LuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlast
Sunday.
BominShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhas
neverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetook
partinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlinefbrsevenyears.
However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,
making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.
“It'sreallyahardjobfbrme.Iwon'tenterfbrsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iam
quitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkfbrthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthe
title.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,nsaidLuo
Linwithasweetsmile.
Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.
C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.
D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.
三.猜測詞義題:詞、短語意思的猜測主要依據(jù)它所在段落的內(nèi)容進行。如果該段落比
較短,信息量不足,那么與之相鄰的上下兩個段落的內(nèi)容則是猜詞義的重要依據(jù)。
1.詞義猜測題常用的提問方式:
l).Thewordrefersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby.
2).Thewordismostlikelytomean.
3).Whatdoyouthinktheexpression"…"standsfor?
4).Theunderlinedword"…"means
2.猜測詞義方法
l).Definition定義法2).Contrast對比法3).Similarity相似法4).Causeandeffect因果法
5).Example例舉法6).WordFormation構(gòu)詞法7).Context上下文8).CommonSense常識法
l).Definition定義法:一般通過定義、定語(從句)或同位語(從句)來確定詞義。
①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()
②.Theherdsman、wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()
2).Contrast對比法:利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞(組)猜測詞義。
Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.Andmy
friendMalleryinvitedme.
60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?(2010年遼寧卷)
A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal
60.B.詞義猜測題。從第一句的hate,到but意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折,說明盡管不喜歡,還是要“嘗
試一下”,所以try的意思更接近shot。
①.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.
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