職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)模擬68

［模擬］職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)模擬68

詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語帶有

括號(hào)或下劃線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第1題：

Thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing<u>steadily</u>.

A.continuously

B.quickly

C.excessively

D.exceptionally

參考答案：A

本句意思：公司的出口量獲得持續(xù)穩(wěn)步增長。steadily意思是“穩(wěn)定地，持續(xù)

地”，與continuously（連續(xù)不斷地）意思相近。quickly快速地；excessively

過度地，過分地；exceptionally例外地，異常地，特殊地。

第2題：

Hundredsofyearsagocloveswereusedto<u>remedy</u>headaches.

A.disrupt

B.diagnose

C.evaporate

D.cure

參考答案：D

本句意思：幾百年前人們用丁香來治療頭痛。remedy意思是“治療，糾正”，

與cure（治愈）意思相近。disrupt使混亂；diagnose診斷；evaporate使蒸發(fā)，

揮發(fā)。

第3題：

ThehistoryoftheexplorationofAntarcticarecountsmanytalesof

<u>perseverance</u>andsuffering.

A.endurance

B.skill

C.generosity

D.disturbance

參考答案：A

本句意思：南極洲的探索歷史敘述了很多關(guān)于毅力和苦難的故事。perseverance

1

意思是“毅力”，和endurance（忍耐力，持久）意思相近。skill技能，技巧；

generosity慷慨,大方；disturbance干擾，騷擾。

第4題：

Theterroristshavechosentoplaya<u>deadly</u>gamewiththecivilian

population.

A.contagious

B.serious

C.fatal

D.worrying

參考答案：C

本句意思：恐怖分子故意要同普通平民做死亡游戲。deadly意思是“致命的，

致死的"，與fatal（致命的）意思相同。contagious接觸傳染的；serious嚴(yán)重

的，嚴(yán)肅的；worrying令人擔(dān)憂的，令人發(fā)愁的。

第5題：

Numerous<u>parallels</u>existbetweenErnestHemingway'slifeandthe

livesofhischaracters.

A.studies

B.problems

C.similarities

D.biases

參考答案：C

本句意思：歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威的生活經(jīng)歷和他作品中人物的經(jīng)歷有著許多相似之

處。parallel意思是“類似,相似之處”，與similarity（相似之處）意思接近。

study研究，學(xué)習(xí)；problem問題，難題；bias偏見，偏愛。

第6題：

Theoldcar<u>jolted</u>alongthecountryroadatasnail'space.

A.rode

B.dawdled

C.honked

D.bounced

參考答案：D

本句意思：這輛破舊的汽車蝸牛般地在鄉(xiāng)間道路上顛簸著。jolt的意思為“顛

簸”，和bounce（顛簸行進(jìn)，彈跳）意思相近。ride騎（馬，自行車等）;dawdle

混日子，游手好閑；honk按喇叭。

2

第7題：

Theythoughthisbehaviorwas<u>abnormal</u>.

A.bad

B.frightening

C.repeated

D.unusual

參考答案：D

本句意思：他們認(rèn)為他的行為不正常。abnormal意思是“反常的，異常的”，

與unusual（不平常的，與眾不同的）意思相近。bad壞的，不好的；frightening

令人恐懼的，嚇人的；repeated再三的，反復(fù)的。

第8題：

Exposuretothesuncan<u>accelerate</u>theageingprocess.

A.stepup

B.decrease

C.stop

D.control

參考答案：A

本句意思：暴露在日光下會(huì)加速老化的進(jìn)程。accelerate意思是“使加快，加

速”，與stepup（增加，使加快）意思相近。decrease減少，減小;stop停止；

control控制。

第9題：

HelenKeller'sachievementsasanauthorand<u>lecturer</u>werean

inspirationtomillions.

A.editor

B.director

C.correspondent

D.speaker

參考答案：D

本句意思：作為一名作家和演講家，海倫?凱勒所取得的成就激勵(lì)著上百萬的人

們。lecturer意思是“演講者”,與speaker（演講者，說話者）意思相近。editor

編者，編輯；director主任，主管；correspondent通訊記者，客戶。

第10題：

Hehas<u>exhibited</u>symptomsofanxietyandoverwhelmingworry.

A.spread

B.opened

3

C.showed

D.examined

參考答案：C

本句意思：他表現(xiàn)出了焦慮和極度擔(dān)憂的跡象。exhibit意思是“顯示，表現(xiàn)，

展出（物品）”，與show（展示，顯露）意思相近，spread擴(kuò)散，傳播；open打開；

examine考查，檢查。

第11題：

Growinglevelsofpollutionrepresentaserioushealth<u>hazard</u>to

thelocalpopulation.

A.protection

B.indication

C.immunity

D.danger

參考答案：D

本句意思：日益嚴(yán)重的污染對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦慕】禒顩r構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。hazard意

思是“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)的事”,與danger（危險(xiǎn)）意思相近。protection保護(hù)；indication

指示，象征；immunity免疫力，免除。

第12題:

Aseedplantedinthesensitiveliningofanoysterbeginsa

<u>perpetual</u>coatingprocessthatformsapearl.

A.total

B.annual

C.continual

D.habitual

參考答案：c

本句意思：當(dāng)一粒種子被種植到了牡蠣敏感的皮層之后，就開始持續(xù)不斷的包裹

過程直到形成珍珠。perpetual意思是“連續(xù)不斷的"，與continual（持續(xù)不斷

的，頻繁的）意思相近。total全部的，完全的；annual年度的，每年的；habitual

習(xí)慣的，慣常的。

第13題：

NowaspecialTVnetworkgiveslive<u>coverage</u>ofmostmatchesof

OlympicGames.

A.baggage

B.orphanage

C.reportage

4

D.usage

參考答案：c

本句意思、：現(xiàn)在，有一個(gè)專門的電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)的大多數(shù)比賽進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道。

coverage意思是"新聞報(bào)道",與reportage（新聞報(bào)道）意思相同。baggage行

李；orphanage孤兒院；usage使用，用法。

第14題：

Thereisstillan<u>immense</u>amountofworktobedone.

A.much

B.enormous

C.little

D.extensive

參考答案：B

本句意思：還有大量的工作要去完成。immense意思是“極大的，巨大的”，與

enormous（巨大的，極大的，龐大的）意思相同。much非常，彳艮；little小的，

年幼的；extensive廣闊的，大量的。

第15題:

Maineis<u>justly</u>famousforitsbeautifullakesandponds.

A.only

B.rightfully

C.legally

D.simply

參考答案：B

本句意思:緬因州以其美麗的湖泊而聞名是名副其實(shí)的。justly意思是“應(yīng)得

地，公正地”，和rightfully（正當(dāng)?shù)兀‘?dāng)?shù)兀┮馑枷嘟?nly僅有，只有；

legally合法地,法律上；simply簡單地。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選

擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B項(xiàng)；如果該句的信息文

章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C項(xiàng)。

WarmPeopleLikelytoKeepColdatBay

Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbest

defenseagainstgettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.Inanexperiment

thatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfound

thatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydispositionwerelesslikelytofall

5

ill.

Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,

buildonevidencethata〃positiveemotionalstyle"canhelpwardoff

thecommoncoldandotherillnesses.Researchersbelievethereasonsmay

bebothobjectiveasinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjective

asinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.

〃Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferent

immuneresponsestothevirus,，zexplainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldon

CohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh."Andwhentheydoget

acold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere.

Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythat

happierpeopleseemedlesssusceptibletocatchingacold,butsome

questionsremainedastowhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadthe

effect.

Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadults

completestandardmeasuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealth

andemotional"style”.Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticand

easy-goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethose

whowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostilehadanegativestyle.

Theresearchersgavethemnasaldropscontainingeitheracold

virusoraparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteers

reportedonanyaches,pains,sneezingorcongestiontheyhad,whilethe

researcherscollectedobjectivedata,likedailymucusproduction.Cohen

andhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes,

happypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.

第16題：

Peoplewithasunnydispositionareimmunetoillness.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

由文章第一段第二句的后半部分u???researchersfoundthatpeoplewitha

generallysunnydispo一sitionwerelesslikelytofallill.“可知，

性格陽光的人不太容易生病，但不是對(duì)疾病免疫。

第17題：

AccordingtoCohen'sstudy,happierpeoplearemoreeasilytogetacold.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

6

由文章第四段，“…h(huán)appierpeopleseemedlesssusceptibletocatchinga

cold-"可知，快樂的人更不易感冒。

第18題:

Thereasonsthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacoldarebased

onsubjectivemeasure.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

由文章第六段最后一句可知，科恩和同事根據(jù)由鼻涕化驗(yàn)結(jié)果而得出的客觀的測(cè)

驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而非主觀測(cè)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，樂觀的人患感冒的幾率更小。

第19題：

Theresearcherschose193adultswhohadanegativestyleforthestudy.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

由文章第五段第二句可知，這些研究對(duì)象中既包括積極樂觀的人，也包括悲觀的

人。

第20題:

Thestudyinferredthatthere'snorelationsbetweenpositiveemotional

styleandgettingcold.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

由文章第二段第一句可知，積極的情緒類型有助于預(yù)防感冒和其他疾病。

第21題：

Researchersbelievedthatpeoplewhowerehappy,energeticandeasy-going

hadstrongerimmunefunction.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

7

參考答案：A

由文章第二段第二句可知，研究者相信快樂能夠增強(qiáng)人的免疫系統(tǒng)。

第22題：

Cohenfoundthatfamilieshadgreatinfluenceonaperson'semotional

style.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

文章中并未提及家庭和個(gè)人情緒類型的關(guān)系，因此本題答案為Co

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任

務(wù)：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個(gè)

正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確

的選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。

Rainmaking

1Theideaofrainmakingisalmostasoldasman,butitwasnot

until1946thatmansucceededinmakingrain.Inancienttimes,rainmakers

hadclaimedtobringrainbymanymethods;dancing,singing,killing

animals（includinghumans）.

2Foralongtime,menhaveunderstoodwhereraincomesfrom.

Waterfromthesurfaceofoceansandlakesbecomespartoftheair,where

itformscloudsfromwhichrainfalls.Butexactlywhatstartsthe

formationofraindropswasnotknownuntilquiterecently.Amannamed

JohnAitkenprovedthatdropsofwatergatheraroundtinybitsofdust

orothermatter.Thecentersofthedropsaresosmallthatthehumaneye

cannotseethem.Withoutsuchcenters,itseemsraindropsdonotform.

3DuringWorldWarII,Dr.IrvingLangmir,andhisassistant

Schaefer,werehiredbytheGeneralElectricCompanytostudyhowandwhy

iceformsonthewingsofairplanes.TheywenttoamountaininNew

Hampshire,wheresnowstormsarecommonandcoldwindsblow.Theywere

surprisedtofindthatoftenthetemperatureofthecloudssurrounding

themwasfarbelowthefreezingpoint,andyeticedidnotforminthe

clouds.

4AftertheWar,Schaeferexperimentedwithamachinethat

createdcold,moistairsimilartotheairfoundinclouds.Toimitatethe

moistairofacloud,Schaeferwouldbreatheintothemachine.Thenhe

woulddropintothefreezerabitofpowder,sugar,orsomeothersubstance.

8

Forweeksandmonthshetriedeverythinghecouldimagine.Nothing

happened.Nocrystalsoficewereformed.Noneofthesubstanceswould

serveasthecenterofasnowcrystalorraindrops.

5OneJulymorning,Schaeferwasdroppinginbitsofvarious

substancesandwatchingtheunsuccessfulresults.Finally,afriend

suggestedthattheygotoeatlunchandSchaeferwentwithhim.Asusual,

heleftthecoverofthefreezerup,sincecoldairsinksandwouldnot

escapefromthebox.

6Returningfromlunch,Schaeferfoundthatthetemperatureof

thefreezerhadrisentoapointhigherthanthatrequiredforicecrystals

toremainsolid.Thereweretwochoicesnow.Hecouldclosethecoverand

waitforthefreezeritselftolowertheairtemperature,orhecouldmake

theprocessoccurfasterbyaddingdryice一agasinsolidformthatis

very,verycold.Hechosethelatterplan.Ashedroppedthesteamingwhite

dryiceintothefreezer,hehappenedtobreatheoutalargeamountof

air.Andthere,beforehiseyes,ithappened!Hehadmadeicecrystals,

notbyaddingcenterstothemoisture,butbycoolingthebreathsomuch

thattheliquidhadtoformcrystals!Thenhebegantoblowhisbreath

intothefreezeranddroplargepiecesofdryicethroughittocreate

crystalswhichbecameatinysnowstormfallingslowlytothefloorofhis

laboratory.

7Afterplanningcarefully,Schaefermadeanexperimentby

droppingdryicefromhisplanetothecloudsbelowhim.Aswasexpected,

snowformedandfellfromthebottomofthecloud.Schaefersucceeded.

Hemadehistory.

23-26的選項(xiàng)

A.LangmirandSchaefer'sWorkfortheGECompany

B.LangmirandSchaefer'sDiscoveryofRain-forming

C.Men'sKnowledgeofRain-forming

D.Schaefer'sSeveralUnsuccessfulExperiments

E.Schaefer'sDiscoverybyAccident

F.LangmirandSchaefer'sSuccessfulCooperation

27-30的選項(xiàng)

A.imaginatively

B.recently

C.carefully

D.unscientifically

E.accidentally

F.satisfactorily

第23題:

Paragraph2

參考答案:

9

c

詳細(xì)解答：

本段簡要地?cái)⑹隽巳藗兯莆盏年P(guān)于雨水的來源和形成的知識(shí)。

第24題：

Paragraph3

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答：

本段介紹了Langmir和Schaefer受雇于通用電氣公司(GeneralElectric

Company),研究機(jī)翼結(jié)冰的原因。

第25題:

Paragraph4

參考答案:

D

詳細(xì)解答：

本段描述了Schaefer進(jìn)行的人工制造冰晶體的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但這些實(shí)驗(yàn)均沒有成

功。

第26題：

Paragraph6

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

由文章第六段“Ashedroppedthesteamingwhitedryiceintothe

freezer,hehappenedto…theliquidhadtoformcrystals!”可知，一次

偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，Schaefer在投人干冰以降低溫度的時(shí)候，呼出一大口氣，結(jié)果冰

晶體卻出現(xiàn)了，他在無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了制造冰晶體的方法。

第27題:

Inancienttimes,rainmakerstriedtomakerainfordrylands,but

參考答案:

D

詳細(xì)解答:

io

文章第一段中提到"Inancienttimes,rainmakershadclaimedtobring

rainbymanymethods：dancing,singing,killinganimals(including

humans).",該句中所列的作為造雨.求雨的方法如dancing,singing,killing

animals(includinghumans)等都是不科學(xué)的。

第28題：

Schaeferfoundawayofhowtomakeicecrystals.

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

第29題：

Schaefersuccessfullymadeafieldexperimentonrainmakingafter

planning

參考答案：

C

詳細(xì)解答：

由文章第七段“Afterplanningcarefully,Schaefermadeanexperiment

bydroppingdryicefromhisplanetothecloudsbelowhim.Aswasexpected,

snowformedandfellfromthebottomofthecloud.Schaefersucceeded.”

可知，Schaefer經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的計(jì)劃，成功地進(jìn)行了一次實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選C。

第30題：

Mandidnotsucceedinmakingrainuntilquite.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

由文章第四段可知，Schaefer是在二戰(zhàn)以后才開始研究人工降雨；又由最后

一段可知，他創(chuàng)歷史地成功進(jìn)行了人工降雨。由此可知，人類直到最近才成功進(jìn)

行人工降雨，故選B。

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面

有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從

4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?Findingspublishedonlinethisweek

bytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencefurthersupportthe

11

theorythatbrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhile

therestofthebodyiscatchingzzz's.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleagues

analyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,they

examinedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensory

neocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,

whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthat

oscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.

So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex)were

followedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownas

ripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregions

isakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.

Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbythe

ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associated

memorydeclinetohighglucoselevel.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetes

sufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvit

ofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied

30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,

whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.

Thescientistsadministeredrecalltests,brainscansandglucose

tolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthe

bloodbythebody'sissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,

theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.In

addition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthose

ofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

〃0urstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothe

memorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage,〃Convitsays."Anditraises

theintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreverse

someage-associatedproblemsincognition.〃Exerciseandweightscontrol

canhelpkeepglucoselevelincheck,sotheremaybeonemorereasonto

gotothegym.

第31題：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthenearestinmeaningtothesentence

〃Tosleep.Perchancetofile?”

A.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

B.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

C.Doesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?

D.Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

參考答案：A

由文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步支持了一種理論，即當(dāng)人體進(jìn)人睡眠

狀態(tài)時(shí)，大腦對(duì)在白天形成的記憶進(jìn)行組織和儲(chǔ)存。"Tosleep.Perchanceto

12

file?”由莎士比亞的名句“Tosleep：perchancetodream.”（睡眠也許要做

夢(mèng)）轉(zhuǎn)化而來，它在本句的意思是：睡覺也許要記憶整理，故選A。

第32題：

Whatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutat

RutgersUniversity?

A.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensory

neocortex.

B.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemory

consolidation.

D.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysaprimaryroleinmemory

consolidation.

參考答案：C

第二段提到科學(xué)家分析了老鼠的腦電波，尤其是從軀體感覺新皮層和海馬體兩個(gè)

區(qū)域發(fā)出的腦電波。該段最后指出，這兩個(gè)大腦區(qū)域的活動(dòng)是相互作用的；第二

段并未提及兩者中的任何一個(gè)起主要作用。

第33題：

Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedby

aresearchmentionedinParagraph4?

A.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

B.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

C.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

D.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorertheglucosetolerance.

參考答案：D

由文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句話“Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,

theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.“可

知，D項(xiàng)正確。

第34題：

Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

A.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone'smemory.

C.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone'smemory.

D.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone'smemory.

參考答案：B

第四段最后一1句u??,theirbrainscans…”中their指上句中的“Subjectswith

13

thepoorestmemoryrecollection,所以B項(xiàng)正確。

第35題：

Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoing

tothegym?

A.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Tocontrolweight.

C.Toexercise.

D.Tocontrolglucoselevels.

參考答案：D

文章最后一段提到，鍛煉身體和控制體重能夠限制葡萄糖濃度，因而，去健身房

就有了另外一個(gè)原因。

NeedforEmphasisonTreatment

AIDSprogramsindevelopingcountriesputtoolittleemphasis

ontreatment,theWorldHealthOrganizationsaidTuesday,askingformore

smallcommunity-basedclinicstobeopenedtotreatHIV-infectedpeople.

Anestimated36millionto46millionpeoplearelivingwith

AIDS,two-thirdsoftheminAfrica,butonly440,000peopleindeveloping

countrieswerereceivingtreatmentbytheendof2003,theUNhealthagency

saidinitsannualreport.

〃Withouttreatment,allofthemwilldieaprematureandin

mostcasespainfuldeath,z/theWHOsaidinthe169WorldHealth

Report.

WHODirectorGeneralLeeJong-wooksaidcommunity-based

treatmentshouldbeaddedtodiseasepreventionandcareforsufferers

inAIDSprograms.

“Futuregenerationswilljudgeourtimeinlargepartbyour

responsetotheAIDSdisease,z/Leesaid.

〃Bytacklingitdecisivelywewillalsobebuildinghealth

systemsthatcanmeetthehealthneedsoftodayandtomorrow.Thisisa

historicopportunitywecannotaffordtomiss,〃headded.

AntiretroviraldrugsenablepeoplehitbyAIDStolivelonger.

Theannualcostoftreatment,whichwasabout$10,000whenthedrugswere

firstdeveloped,hasdroppedtoabout$150.

TreatmentprogramsalsohelpAIDSpreventionefforts,the

reportsaid,citinggreatdemandsfortestingandcounselingwhere

treatmenthasbeenmadeavailable.

Goodcounselinginturnleadstomoreeffectivepreventionin

thosewhoareuninfected,andsignificantlyreducesthepotentialforHIV

carrierstopassontheinfection,thereportsaid.

Sinceitsdiscoveryinthe1980s,morethan20millionhavedied

14

ofAIDS,mostlyinpoorcountries.

第36題：

WhichistrueofmanyAIDSsufferersindevelopingcountries?

A.Theyputtoolittleemphasisontreatment.

B.Theyarenotreceivinganytreatment.

C.Theyrefusetobetreated.

D.Theylivelongerthanthoseindevelopedcountries.

參考答案：B

本題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)分析題。從文章第二段“Anestimated36millionto46million

peoplearelivingwithAIDS,two-thirdsoftheminAfrica,butonly440,

000peopleindevelopingcountrieswerereceivingtreatmentbytheendof

2003…”可知，在非洲艾滋病患者高達(dá)兩三千萬人，而生活在發(fā)展中國家的艾滋

病患者接受治療的人數(shù)卻只有44萬，相對(duì)來說太少了。所以說發(fā)展中國家的許

多艾滋病患者都沒有接受治療。

第37題：

TheWHOpublishesitsWorldHealthReport.

A.onceeverytwoyears

B.onceadecade

C.onceayear

D.twiceayear

參考答案：C

從文章第二段最后一句話中的“annualreport",可知世界衛(wèi)生組織的“世界

衛(wèi)生報(bào)告”是每年發(fā)表一次。

第38題:

AccordingtoLee,ourresponsetotheAIDSdiseaseis.

A.amatterofgreatsignificance

B.amatteroflittlesignificance

C.overemphasized

D.timely

參考答案：A

本題為推理判斷題。從文章第四段和第五段內(nèi)容可知，Lee說到：社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)艾滋

病的預(yù)防加大力度，多關(guān)心艾滋病患者；后代對(duì)我們這一時(shí)代的評(píng)價(jià)在很大程度

上取決于我們對(duì)艾滋病的反應(yīng)。由此可見：對(duì)待艾滋病，我們的反應(yīng)是至關(guān)重要

的一件事，故選A。

第39題:

15

AIDStreatmentprogramsmayalsoresultin.

A.betterdrugs

B.loweryearlycost

C.moreeffectiveprevention

D.greateremphasisontreatment

參考答案：C

文章倒數(shù)第三段提到，對(duì)于艾滋病的治療對(duì)預(yù)防艾滋病也頗有益處。

第40題：

HowmanypeoplehavediedofAIDSsofar?

A.36million.

B.46million.

C.Around440,000.

D.Morethan20million.

參考答案：D

文章最后一段指出，自從20世紀(jì)80年代發(fā)現(xiàn)艾滋病到現(xiàn)在，已有兩千萬人死于

該病。

EarlyorLaterDayCare

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparation

fromtheparentsduringthesensitive"attachment"periodfrombirthto

threemayscarachild'spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblems

inlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'swork

thatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthree

becauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelieve

this.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedlove

affairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnot

usuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribal

societies,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnot

reartheirinfantalone-farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthat

daycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,care-takersfound

childrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenot

yetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertain

tobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthelastdecadethere

havebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,

andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightly

positiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadto

beusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedto

settletheissue.

16

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlyday

carehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,

say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexplored

bytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parents

sometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Children

underthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshow

unhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildren

findthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreand

moreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,is

farfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicate

thatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

第41題：

WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?

A.Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositive

effectofdaycareforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.

B.Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessin

children.

C.Thefirstthreeyearsofone'slifeisextremelyimportanttothe

laterdevelopmentofpersonality.

D.Childrenunderthreegetusedtothelifeatnurseryschoolsmore

readilythanchildrenoverthree.

參考答案：C

由文章第一段第一句的內(nèi)容可知，波比認(rèn)為嬰兒從出生到3歲屬于敏感的“依賴

性”階段，在此階段和父母分開會(huì)對(duì)嬰兒的性格造成傷害，并易引起以后生活中

的情感問題，C選項(xiàng)和文意相符。

第42題：

WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby'swork?

A.Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersbefore

theageofthree.

B.Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild'sdevelopment.

C.Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhave

emotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

D.Daycarewouldnotbesopopularif