山東省日照市五蓮縣2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）

山東省日照市五蓮縣20202021學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatfooddoesthewomansuggest?A.Sandwiches.B.Salads.C.Noodles.2.Whatwillthemandofirstwiththewoman’scar?A.Fillupthetank.B.Washthewindows.C.Checkthetirepressure.3.Whatisthemandoingrightnow?A.Walkingaround.B.WatchingTV.C.Eatingsnacks.4.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inahospital.C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Differentcolors.B.Apicture.C.Someflowers.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whomightthewomanbe?A.Adoctor.B.Anassistant.C.Aprofessor.7.Whenwillthemangotoseethedoctor?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Restathome.B.Goshopping.C.Work.9.Whatwillthemanbuy?A.Ahat.B.Anecklace.C.Acoat.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Doingatest.B.Havinganinterview.C.Playingapuzzlegame.12.WhatisJenniferbadat?A.Focusing.B.Dealingwithstress.C.Gettingonwithothers.13.HowdoesJenniferfeelabouttheresult?A.Surprised.B.Disappointed.C.Worried.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whywillthemanmisstheschooldance?A.Hewon’tbeinschool.B.Hedoesn’tlikedancing.C.He’sbusywithotherevents.15.Whenistheseniorpicnic?A.Inaweek.B.Inamonth.C.Intwomonths.16.WhicheventisinJune?A.Thephotoday.B.Thegraduationparty.C.Theawardsceremony.17.Wherewillthewomanbethissummer?A.InBoston.B.InNewYorkCity.C.InWashington,D.C.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketodayinthesoutheastofthecountry?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Dry.19.Whatwillthehighesttemperaturebeinthenorth?A.15degreescentigrade.B.20degreescentigrade.C.23degreescentigrade.20.Whichpartofthecountrywilllikelybesunnytomorrow?A.North.B.Southeast.C.South.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASinceitfirstopenedafterfouryearsofconstructionin1937atacostof$27million，theGoldenGateBridgehasmadeitsappearanceinfilmsandpoetry.CNNTravelspentadayclimbingintoandgroundthebridge，learningthesesecretsfromthepeoplewhoknowandloveitbest.WhyisitcalledtheGoldenGateBridge?It’snotgolden.“TheGoldenGateBridgegetsitsnamebecauseitspanswhatiscalledtheGoldenGateStrait，”saidPaoloCosulichSchwartz，spokesmanfortheGoldenGateBridge，HighwayandTransportationDistrict，whichoperatesthebridge.It’sathreemilelongandonemilewidebodyofwaterthatconnectsthePacificOceantotheSanFranciscoBay.Whatcoloristhebridge?Itlooksred.“It’snotred，althoughyou’renotcrazytothinkso.Visitorsallcallitred，”saidRussell.“Backintheday，theUSNavy，thenpartoftheWarDepartment，oversawthewaterwaysandwantedtopaintthisbridgeblackandyellowforhighvisibility，”saidfellowpainterJarrodBauer.“TheyendedupmixingpainttocreatethecolorInternationalOrange，whichissimilartothecolorofredlead，”hesaid.Doesthebridgegetentirelypaintedeveryyear?No，anditdoesn’tneedtobe.It’struethatthetopcoathasbeenfullyrepaintedovertimewithnewandenvironmentallyimprovedInternationalOrangetopcoats.Whoperformsbridgerescues?McVeighandhisfellowironworkers，theso—called“CowboysoftheSky”，havethatresponsibility.McVeighhaslostcountofhowmanytroubledsoulshe’sbeencalledtorescueoverthepast17years.InSeptemberin2018，thebridgestartedconstructingasuicide(自殺)preventionsystem，alsoknownasthesafetynet，tokeeppeoplefromjumpingofftheGoldenGateBridge.It’sexpectedtobepletedin2021.1.What’sthetruecoloroftheGoldenGateBridge?A.Red. B.Redlead.C.Blackandyellow. D.InternationalOrange.2.WhocanprobablybecalledaheroontheGoldenGateBridge?A.McVeigh. B.JarrodBauer.C.Russell. D.Paolo.3.WhatcanweknowabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A.Itissafernowbecauseofthesafetynet.B.ItgotitsnamebecauseofitscolorC.Ittookmuchtimeandmoneytobebuilt.D.Itneedstoberepaintedonceayear.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)金門大橋的情況，并通過(guò)美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)旅游節(jié)目組的實(shí)地調(diào)查和采訪相關(guān)人員，和讀者分享了一些關(guān)于金門大橋的秘密?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“TheyendedupmixingpainttocreatethecolorInternationalOrange，whichissimilartothecolorofredlead”可知，金門大橋最后被漆成國(guó)際橙色，類似于redlead(鉛丹)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，McVeigh和他的搭檔們一直為大橋上的安全負(fù)責(zé)，在過(guò)去的17年里McVeigh也記不清挽救了多少失意想跳橋的人。因此他最有可能被稱為英雄人物。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的sinceitfirstopenedafterfouryearsofconstrctionin1937atacostof$27million可知，金門大橋歷時(shí)四年建成，耗資2700萬(wàn)美元。由此可推知，金門大橋花費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間和金錢才建成。故選C項(xiàng)。BIfyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldetoyourmind?Theideathatmostofthekidshaveisamanwearingawhitelabcoatwithmessyhair,bigglasses,andcupsofcolorfulliquidsgivingoffcloudsofsmoke.Asforadults,themajorityregardscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospendalotoftimeworkinginalonelylab.However,therealityisquitedifferent.RecentlyI’vehadachancetotakepartinascientificexperiencefarfrommylabandintoCostaRica.IthasalargeamountofwildlifeduetoitsgeographicalplacementbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.Itishometomorethan500,000species(物種),whichrepresentsnearly4%ofthespeciesworldwide!Firstweworkedtoprotectwildlifeataleatherbackturtle(棱皮龜)protectioncenter.Wehelpedthevolunteerstoremoverubbishfromthebeachtocreateasafeenvironmentforturtleeggstoeout.AfterthatwestayedatMountArenalwherewestudiedseismic(地殼的)activityrelatingtoearthquakes.DuringourstayatArenal,werodeoverthemountainousareasandtookalongwalkthroughtherainforest.Onthelastdaywegotaprofessionalintroductionofrocket(火箭)scienceandlearnedaboutnewrockettechnologythatwillbeusedontheinternationalspacestation.DuringmyCostaRicaexperience,Iknowthatbeingascientistdoesn’tmeanworkinginalaballdayandnight.Ascientististheonewholoveslearningandgettingabetterunderstandingoftheworldfromhelpingprotectwildlife,learningaboutearthquakesorinventingrockets.Ithinkthatscienceissomuchmorethanwearingalabcoatandmixingchemicals.Kidsneedtobeawareoftheexcitementandadventuressciencecanbring!4.AccordingtoParagraph1,scientistsareoftenbelieved________.A.todoexperimentsinmessylabs B.tospendtoomuchtimeinlabsC.towearclothesinadifferentway D.toworkindangerousconditions5.InCostaRica，theauthor________.A.experiencedanearthquake B.tookpartinrocketexperimentsC.pickeduprubbishonthebeach D.helpedthevolunteerscollectturtleeggs6.Whatdoestheauthorlearnaboutsciencefromhisexperience?A.Scienceisfullofboringexperiments.B.Scienceisrelatedtochemicalliquids.C.Scienceismorethanworkinginalab.D.Scienceisaboutwildlifeandearthquakes.7.Whatisthebesttideforthepassage?A.WhataScientistIsLike B.WhereaScientistWorksC.HowITraveledinCostaRica D.WhyIChosetoStudyScience【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷，幫助人們尤其是孩子們消除對(duì)科學(xué)家的固有印象，讓人們了解科學(xué)家究竟是什么樣的人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asforadults,themajorityregardscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospendalotoftimeworkinginalonelylab.(對(duì)于成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為科學(xué)家是奇怪的人，他們花很多時(shí)間在一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。)”可知，人們認(rèn)為科學(xué)家都花太多時(shí)間在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Wehelpedthevolunteerstoremoverubbishfromthebeachtocreateasafeenvironmentforturtleeggstoeout.(我們幫助志愿者清除海灘上的垃圾，為海龜?shù)暗姆趸瘎?chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境。)”可知，作者在哥斯達(dá)黎加的海灘幫助清除垃圾。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“DuringmyCostaRicaexperience,Iknowthatbeing

a

scientist

doesn’tmeanworkingin

a

laballdayandnight.(在我在哥斯達(dá)黎加的經(jīng)歷中，我知道作為一名科學(xué)家并不意味著要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里日夜工作。)”可知，作者從他的經(jīng)歷中認(rèn)識(shí)到，科學(xué)不僅僅是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldetoyourmind?(如果讓你想象一個(gè)科學(xué)家，你會(huì)想到什么形象?)”及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷，幫助人們尤其是孩子們消除對(duì)科學(xué)家的固有印象，讓人們了解科學(xué)家究竟是什么樣的人。所以用“WhataScientistIsLike(科學(xué)家是什么樣的人)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】考查閱讀理解選擇最佳標(biāo)題時(shí)，需要注意排除絕對(duì)化或片面的選項(xiàng)，要放眼全文，從首段和末段尋找文章的主旨大意。小題4就是根據(jù)文章首段第一句文章第一段“Ifyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldetoyourmind?(如果讓你想象一個(gè)科學(xué)家，你會(huì)想到什么形象?)”及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷，幫助人們尤其是孩子們消除對(duì)科學(xué)家的固有印象，讓人們了解科學(xué)家究竟是什么樣的人，從而概括出標(biāo)題。CSamisafourthyearstudentatHarvardMedicalSchool，butpoetryisstillabigpartofhislife，nowwithanewteacher，RafaelCampo，whobelievespoetrycanbenefiteverydoctor’seducationandwork.Rafaelisaphysician，professorandahighlyrespectedpoet.“Poetryisineveryencounter(邂逅)withmypatients.Ithinkhealingisreallyinaverygreatwayaboutpoetry.Andifwedoanythingwhenwe’rewithourpatients，we’rereallyimmersing(使沉浸于)ourselvesintheirstories，reallyhearingtheirvoices.And，certainly，that’swhatapoemdoes，”hesaid.Rafaelworriesthatsomethingimportanthasbeenlostinmedicineandmedicaleducationtoday：humanity，whichhefindsinpoetry.Toendthat，heleadsaweeklyreadingandwritingworkshopformedicalstudentsandresidents(住院醫(yī)生).Hethinksmedicaltrainingfocusestoomuchondistancingthedoctorfromhisorherpatients，andpoemscanhelpclosethatgap.ThirdyearresidentAndreaSchwartzwasoneoftheworkshopregulars.Shesaid.“Ithinkthere’snootherprofessionotherthanmedicinethatproducesasmanywritersasitdoes.AndIthinkthatisbecausethere’sjustsomuchpowerindoctorsandpatientsinteractingwhenpatientsareattheirsaddest.”Noteveryonebelievesthat’swhatdoctorsshoulddo，though.Rafaelsaid，“Iwasafraidofhowpeoplemightjudgeme，actually.Inthemedicalprofession，asmanypeopleknow，wemustalwaysputtheemergencyfirst.But，youknow，thatkindoftreatment，ifit’shappeninginthehospital，veryregrettably，sadly，resultsinabadoute.Thefamilyissittingbythebedside.Thepatienthasn’tsurvivedthecancer.Don’twestillhavearoleashealersthere?”Inapoemtitled“Health”，Rafaelwritesofthewishtoliveforeverinaworldmadepainlessbyourincurablejoy.Hesayshewillcontinueteachingstudents，helpingpatientsandwritingpoems，hisownbrandofmedicine.8.WhatdoweknowaboutRafaelCampo?A.Heworksasadoctor. B.Heisundermedicalcare.C.Heisaliteratureprofessor. D.Heknowslittleaboutpoetry.9.WhatdoestheauthortrytoshowinParagraph2?A.Theimportanceofmedicaltraining.B.Theeffectofpoetryinmedicaltreatment.C.Thesimilarityinvolvedinpoetryandmedicalwork.D.Thepresentrelationshipbetweenpatientsanddoctors.10.WhatdoesAndreaSchwaflzthinkofpoetry?A.Itfortspatients’family.B.Itcontributestomedicalwork.C.Ithasnothingtodowithdoctors.D.Itkeepsdoctorsawayfrompatients.11.WhatisRafaelCampo’sviewonpoetry?A.Itrequiresalotofsparetime.B.Itcanprovideausefultoolfordoctors.C.Ithaslittleeffectonpatients’conditions.D.Itshouldbeincludedinemergencytreatments.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。詩(shī)歌不只是文人墨客的專屬，它還為前赴后繼的醫(yī)護(hù)人員帶來(lái)內(nèi)心的慰藉，它是醫(yī)護(hù)工作中的潤(rùn)滑劑，是治愈傷痛的“良藥”?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rafaelisaphysician”可知，RafaelCampo是一名醫(yī)生。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Poetryisineveryencounter(邂逅)withmypatients(詩(shī)歌存在于我和病人的每一個(gè)邂逅中)”和“that’swhatapoemdoes”由此判斷出，作者想通過(guò)第二段表達(dá)詩(shī)歌和醫(yī)護(hù)工作的相通之處。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“AndIthinkthatisbecausethere’sjustsomuchpowerindoctorsandpatientsinteracting”可知，AndreaSchwartz認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌有助于醫(yī)生和病人之間的互動(dòng)，醫(yī)生和病患關(guān)系緊密就有助于醫(yī)療效果，由此判斷出，AndreaSchwanz認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌有利于醫(yī)療工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“RafaelCampo,whobelievespoetrycanbenefiteverydoctor’seducationandworkRafaelCampo(RafaelCampo認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌可以讓每個(gè)醫(yī)生的教育和工作受益)”及最后一段中的“Hesayshewillcontinueteachingstudents,helpingpatientsandwritingpoems,hisownbrandofmedicine.(他說(shuō)他會(huì)繼續(xù)教學(xué)生，幫助病人并寫詩(shī)歌，詩(shī)歌是他自己的醫(yī)藥品牌。)”由此判斷出，RafaelCampo認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌對(duì)醫(yī)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)有用的工具。故選B項(xiàng)。DConvincingsomeonetochangetheirmindisreallytheprocessofconvincingthemtochangetheirtribe(部落).Iftheyabandontheirbeliefs,theyruntheriskoflosingsocialties.Youcan’texpectsomeonetochangetheirmindifyoutakeawaytheirmunitytoo.Thewaytochangepeople’smindsistobeefriendswiththem,tobinethemintoyourtribe,tobringthemintoyourcircle.Now,theycanchangetheirbeliefswithouttheriskofbeingabandonedsocially.TheBritishphilosopherAlaindeBottonsuggeststhatwesimplysharemealswiththosewhodisagreewithus:“Sittingdownatatablewithagroupofstrangershastheinparableandoddbenefitofmakingitalittlemoredifficulttohatethemwithoutpunishment.Prejudiceandconflictbetweengroupsofpeoplefromdifferentnationsorracesfeedoffabstraction.However,duringameal,somethingabouthandingdishesaround,unfoldingnapkins(餐巾紙)atthesamemoment,evenaskingastrangertopassthesaltmakesuslesslikelytoholdthebeliefthattheoutsiderswhowearunusualclothesandspeakindistinctiveaccentsdeservetobesenthomeorattacked.Forallthelargescalepoliticalsolutionswhichhavebeenproposedtoeaseracialorculturalconflict,therearefewmoreeffectivewaystopromotetolerancebetweensuspiciousneighboursthantoforcethemtoeatsuppertogether.”Perhapsitisnotdifference,butdistancethatproducestribalismandunfriendliness.Asproximityincreases,sodoesunderstanding.IamremindedofAbrahamLincoln’squote,“Idon’tlikethatman.Imustgettoknowhimbetter.”Factsdon’tchangeourminds.Friendshipdoes.TheJapanesewriterHarukiMurakamioncewrote,“Alwaysrememberthattoargue,andwin,istobreakdowntherealityofthepersonyouarearguingagainst.Itispainfultoloseyourreality,sobekind,evenifyouareright.”Whenweareinthemoment,wecaneasilyforgetthatthegoalistoconnectwiththeotherside,cooperatewiththem,befriendthem,andintegratethemintoourtribe.Wearesocaughtupinwinningthatweforgetaboutconnecting.It’seasytospendyourenergylabelingpeopleratherthanworkingwiththem.Theword“kind(familyandrelatives)”originatedfromtheword“kin(oldfashionoffamilyandrelatives).”Whenyouarekindtosomeone,itmeansyouaretreatingthemlikefamily.This,Ithink,isagoodmethodforactuallychangingsomeone’smind.Developafriendship.Shareameal.Giftabook.Bekindfirst,berightlater.12.Peoplearelikelytochangetheirmindwhenthey_____.A.changetheirbeliefs B.aremadefriendswithC.movetoanewmunity D.aregivensomewheretogo13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proximity”inparagraph4mean?A.Nearness. B.Action. C.munication. D.Politeness.14TheauthorquotesfromHarukiMurakamitoimplythat_____.A.breakingdownone’srealityiseasyB.kindnessismoreimportantthanrightC.arguingandwinningarenotimportantD.losingone’sidentityisapainfulprocess15.Accordingtothepassage,sharingmealsiseffectiveinbuildingconnectionsbecauseit____.A.pleasespeoplewithdifferentbeliefsoraccentsB.makespeoplefocusoneatingratherthanconflictsC.bringsbenefitstothepeoplehavingdinnertogetherD.promotesunderstandingandtoleranceamongpeople【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。改變別人想法并不容易，其方法就是和他們成為朋友。距離產(chǎn)生隔閡，共同進(jìn)餐更能促進(jìn)了人們之間的理解和寬容。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thewaytochangepeople’smindsistobeefriendswiththem,tobinethemintoyourtribe,tobringthemintoyourcircle.(改變別人想法的方法就是和他們成為朋友，把他們?nèi)谌肽愕牟柯?，把他們帶入你的圈?”可知，只有成為朋友之后，人們才有可能改變想法。故選B?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Perhapsitisnotdifference,butdistancethatproducestribalismandunfriendliness.(也許并不是差異，而是距離造成了部落主義和不友好。)”和“IamremindedofAbrahamLincoln’squote,“Idon’tlikethatman.Imustgettoknowhimbetter.”(我想起亞伯拉罕·林肯的名言，“我不喜歡那個(gè)人。我必須更好地了解他?！?”可知，距離造成了隔閡，只有接近增加，理解才能增加。從而猜測(cè)proximity為“接近”之意。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheJapanesewriterHarukiMurakamioncewrote,“Alwaysrememberthattoargue,andwin,istobreakdowntherealityofthepersonyouarearguingagainst.Itispainfultoloseyourreality,sobekind,evenifyouareright.”(日本作家村上春樹曾寫道：“永遠(yuǎn)記住，要想辯論并取得勝利，就必須打破你所反對(duì)的人的現(xiàn)實(shí)。失去現(xiàn)實(shí)是痛苦的，所以要善良，即使你是對(duì)的?！?”可推斷，作者引用了村上春樹的話來(lái)暗示善良比正確更重要。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,duringameal,somethingabouthandingdishesaround,unfoldingnapkins(餐巾紙)atthesamemoment,evenaskingastrangertopassthesaltmakesuslesslikelytoholdthebeliefthattheoutsiderswhowearunusualclothesandspeakindistinctiveaccentsdeservetobesenthomeorattacked.(然而，在吃飯時(shí)，分發(fā)盤子，同時(shí)打開(kāi)餐巾紙，甚至請(qǐng)陌生人遞鹽的做法，會(huì)讓我們不太可能認(rèn)為，穿著不尋常的衣服，說(shuō)話有獨(dú)特口音的外人應(yīng)該被送回家或襲擊)”和最后一段“This,Ithink,isagoodmethodforactuallychangingsomeone’smind.Developafriendship.Shareameal.Giftabook.Bekindfirst,berightlater.(我認(rèn)為，這是一個(gè)真正改變別人想法的好方法。建立友誼。分享一頓飯。贈(zèng)送一本書。先善良，后正確)”可推斷，分享食物對(duì)于建立聯(lián)系是有效的，因?yàn)樗龠M(jìn)了人們之間的理解和寬容。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解通常都會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞義猜測(cè)題。設(shè)題時(shí)，常會(huì)考查生詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義判斷題，要求考生從上下文理解中概括出生詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義。考生作此類題型時(shí)，首先要找到所猜測(cè)詞所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)之上，對(duì)此詞前后句反復(fù)研讀，最后根據(jù)前后句猜測(cè)出詞義。例如小題2要求猜測(cè)出proximity的含義，就是根據(jù)文章第四段“Perhapsitisnotdifference,butdistancethatproducestribalismandunfriendliness.(也許并不是差異，而是距離造成了部落主義和不友好)”和“IamremindedofAbrahamLincoln’squote,“Idon’tlikethatman.Imustgettoknowhimbetter.”(我想起亞伯拉罕·林肯的名言，“我不喜歡那個(gè)人。我必須更好地了解他?！?”可知，距離造成了隔閡，只有接近增加，理解才能增加。從而猜測(cè)proximity為“接近”之意。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Youputagreatdealofeffortintoreachingcollegeofyourdreams.It’stimetogetstarted.Butwhat’snext?Thebeginningofcollegelifecanbeanexcitingbutawkwardtime.Followthesetipstoadapttoyournewliferapidlyandmakethemostofyourcollegeexperience.Tosavetimeandmoney,usethecollege’sbussystem.Takingthebustoschoolisquick,easyandfreeinmostcollegetowns.___16___It’salsoagoodwaytobeenvironmentallyaware.___17___Youmightnotevenneedalloftheremendedbooks.Newtextbookscostalot.Trybuyingusedtextbooksit’sagoodwaytosavemoneyandservethepurposeaswell.Neverlookoncollegelifeasendlesspartiesandsocialactivities.Thereisawholelotmoretocollegeifyou’reseriousaboutgraduating.___18___Beawarethatyourlivingenvironmentcanlargelyaffectyourstudies.Ifthedorm(寢室)doesn’tsuityou,considerlivingathomewithyourfamilyorrentingyourownapartment.___19___Findaquietarea,likethelibrary,tostudy.Alternatively,buysomeheadphonesthatblockoutnoise.___20___Makehealthyfoodchoicesandwatchwhatyoueat.Avoidthefoodsthatareprocessedorhighinsugar.The“freshman15”isreal,whichreferstomanycollegestudentsgainatleast15poundsduringthefreshmanyear.Whileelectives(選修課程)canbehelpfulwhenyoufigureoutyourmajor,youshouldn’tentirelyrelyonthem.Clubsandotherorganizationsexistaround.Getinvolved.Makesure,though,thatyoustillhavetimetostudy.Havingtoomuchonyourplatecanhurtyourgrades.A.Bemindfulofyourdiet.B.Takerelaxedattitudestoyourdiet.C.Don’ttakepartintoomanyafterclassactivities.D.Savepenniesonbooksbywaitinguntilclassstarts.E.Youwon’thavetolocateoraffordaplacetoparkeither.F.Thebestlocationforyourstudiesisn’talwaysyourdorm.G.Havingagoodcollegeexperienceisallaboutbalancingstudyandfun.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.F20.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。大學(xué)生活的開(kāi)始可能是一段令人興奮但又尷尬的時(shí)光。文章介紹了給出了一些建議，以盡快適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活并充分利用在大學(xué)的這段經(jīng)歷?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文Tosavetimeandmoney,usethecollege’sbussystem.Takingthebustoschoolisquick,easyandfreeinmostcollegetowns.可知為了節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢，使用學(xué)校的公交系統(tǒng)。在大多數(shù)大學(xué)城，乘公共汽車上學(xué)又快又方便，而且是免費(fèi)的。結(jié)合后文It’salsoagoodwaytobeenvironmentallyaware.可知這也是一個(gè)環(huán)保意識(shí)的好方法。由此可知，本句是在說(shuō)明乘坐校車的好處。E選項(xiàng)“你也不必找到或負(fù)擔(dān)得起停車的地方”最符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)后文Youmightnotevenneedalloftheremendedbooks.Newtextbookscostalot.Trybuyingusedtextbooksit’sagoodwaytosavemoneyandservethepurposeaswell.可知你甚至可能不需要所有推薦的書籍。買新課本要花很多錢。試著買二手課本——這是省錢的好方法，同時(shí)也能達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。由此可知，本句是在推薦等到上課的時(shí)候再買需要的數(shù)。D項(xiàng)中的Savepennies與下文中的“agoodwaytosavemoney”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故D選項(xiàng)“為了省下買書的錢，等到上課的時(shí)候再買”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文Neverlookoncollegelifeasendlesspartiesandsocialactivities.Thereisawholelotmoretocollegeifyou’reseriousaboutgraduating.可知不要把大學(xué)生活看成是無(wú)休止的聚會(huì)和社交活動(dòng)。如果你真的想畢業(yè)的話，大學(xué)還有很多東西值得你去學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，要想有美好的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷你就要平衡學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂(lè)。fun與上文中的“partiesandsocialactivities”相呼應(yīng)。故G選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)好的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷就是平衡學(xué)習(xí)和樂(lè)趣”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選G。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文Findaquietarea,likethelibrary,tostudy.可知找一個(gè)安靜的地方，比如圖書館，來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，本句是在說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)的地點(diǎn)。故F項(xiàng)“最好的學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)未必總是寢室”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文Makehealthyfoodchoicesandwatchwhatyoueat.Avoidthefoodsthatareprocessedorhighinsugar.可知選擇健康的食物，注意你的飲食。不要吃加工過(guò)的或含糖量高的食物。由此可知，本段是在說(shuō)明大學(xué)新生應(yīng)注意健康飲食，避免體重大幅增長(zhǎng)。故A選項(xiàng)“注意你的飲食”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.Researchershavealreadyfoundevidencethatthedrinkorthebeanscanhelpwithweightloss,___21___one’sriskofdevelopingsomediseases,promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofpremature(早于預(yù)期的)death,amongmanyother___22___.Nowitissaidthatacupof___23___reducesphysicalpain.Thesurprisingfindingis___24___astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.Thetaskswereknownto___25___painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists.Theresearcherswantedto___26___howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepainfreetolerated(忍受)thepainofsuchtasks.Asamatterofconvenience,thescientistsallowedpeopletodrinkcoffeebeforetakingthetest“toavoid___27___effectsofcaffeinelack,e.g.decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion.”theyreported.Whenitcametimetoanalyzethedata,theresearchersfromNorway’sNationalInstituteofOccupationalHealthandOsloUniversityHospitalnoticedthatthe19peoplewhodrankcoffeereporteda___28___intensity(強(qiáng)度)ofpainthanthe29peoplewhodidn’t.Intheshouldersandneck,___29___theaveragepainwasrated41(ona100pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenoncoffeedrinkers.Similargapswerefoundforallpainsitesmeasured,andcoffee’sobviouspainreductioneffect___30___.However,theauthorsofthestudy,whichwaspublishedthisweekinthejournal,BMCResearchNotes,warnthattheresultsofthestudyewithmany___31___.Forstarters,theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingtheputertests.___32___,theydoubtwhetherthecoffeedrinkersandnoncoffeedrinkerswere___33___inallaspectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption.Problemslikethesetendto___34___theimportanceofthefindings.Butthosedoubtsare___35___totroublethecoffeedrinkerslookingforanyreasonnottocutbackontheirdailycaffeinehabit.21.A.take B.reduce C.increase D.face22.A.trends B.advice C.benefits D.promotions23.A.milk B.water C.coke D.coffee24.A.basedon B.fondof C.differentfrom D.regardedas25.A.cause B.indicate C.ease D.relieve26.A.warn B.pare C.cure D.treat27.A.unpleasant B.modest C.significant D.positive28.A.lower B.higher C.shorter D.longer29.A.inaddition B.asaresult C.forexample D.inoneword30.A.turnedup B.tookup C.putup D.gaveup31.A.satisfaction B.uncertainties C.attention D.response32.A.Moreover B.However C.Otherwise D.Nevertheless33.A.guilty B.similar C.different D.proper34.A.realize B.observe C.measure D.weaken35.A.unlikely B.orderly C.jealous D.capable【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.A26.B27.A28.A29.C30.A31.B32.A33.B34.D35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)咖啡這種飲料或咖啡豆有助于減肥，降低患某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)肌肉生長(zhǎng)，預(yù)防某些類型的癌癥，甚至可以降低過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還有許多其他好處。同時(shí)文章說(shuō)明了這項(xiàng)研究的過(guò)程以及研究結(jié)果，然而這項(xiàng)研究的作者警告說(shuō)研究仍有許多不確定性?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)表明，這種飲料或豆類有助于減肥，減少患某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)肌肉生長(zhǎng)，預(yù)防某些類型的癌癥，甚至可以降低過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還有許多其他好處。A.take帶走；B.reduce減少；C.increase增加；D.face面對(duì)。結(jié)合下文promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofprematuredeath可知是這種飲料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故此處指減少患某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)表明，這種飲料或豆類有助于減肥，降低患某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)肌肉生長(zhǎng)，預(yù)防某些類型的癌癥，甚至可以降低過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還有許多其他好處。A.trends趨勢(shì)；B.advice建議；C.benefits好處；D.promotions升職。結(jié)合上文promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofprematuredeath可知是這種飲料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)好處，故選C。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在據(jù)說(shuō)一杯咖啡可以減輕身體的疼痛。A.milk牛奶；B.water水；C.coke可樂(lè)；D.coffee咖啡。根據(jù)上文ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.可知是咖啡。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這一驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于一項(xiàng)涉及48名志愿者的研究，他們同意花90分鐘執(zhí)行電腦任務(wù)來(lái)完成辦公室工作。A.basedon基于；B.fondof喜歡；C.differentfrom不同于；D.regardedas認(rèn)為是。結(jié)合下文astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.可知此處指這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于一項(xiàng)研究。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些任務(wù)會(huì)造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A.cause造成；B.indicate表明；C.ease緩解；D.relieve解除。結(jié)合下文painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists可知這些任務(wù)會(huì)造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員想要比較有疼痛感的人和那些沒(méi)有疼痛感的人是如何忍受這類任務(wù)的疼痛的。A.warn警告；B.pare比較；C.cure治愈；D.treat對(duì)待。結(jié)合下文howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepainfreetoleratedthepainofsuchtasks可知是將有疼痛感的人和那些沒(méi)有疼痛感的人進(jìn)行比較。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了方便起見(jiàn)，科學(xué)家們?cè)试S人們?cè)跍y(cè)試前喝咖啡，“以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影響，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲憊。”A.unpleasant不愉快的；B.modest謙虛的；C.significant意義重大的；D.positive積極的。結(jié)合下文decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲憊都是不良影響。unpleasanteffects“不良影響”。故選A。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：職業(yè)健康和奧斯陸大學(xué)醫(yī)院注意到，喝咖啡的19名受試者報(bào)告的疼痛強(qiáng)度低于不喝咖啡的29名受試者。A.lower更低的；B.higher更高的；C.shorter更短的；D.longer更長(zhǎng)的。結(jié)合下文averagepainwasrated41(ona100pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenoncoffeedrinkers可知喝咖啡的19名受試者報(bào)告的疼痛強(qiáng)度低于不喝咖啡的29名受試者。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和頸部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度為41分(滿分100分)，而不喝咖啡的人為55分。A.inaddition此外；B.asaresult結(jié)果；C.forexample例如；D.inoneword總之。結(jié)合上文可知測(cè)試的身體部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此處只列舉了肩部和頸部作為例子，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在所有測(cè)量的痛覺(jué)部位都發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的差異，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)咖啡有明顯的止痛效果。A.turnedup出現(xiàn)；B.tookup接受；C.putup提供；D.gaveup放棄。結(jié)合上文可知測(cè)試中都表現(xiàn)出了咖啡的止痛效果，故選A。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，本周發(fā)表在BMCResearchNotes雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究的作者警告說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果存在許多不確定性。A.satisfaction滿足；B.uncertainties不確定性；C.attention注意；D.response響應(yīng)。結(jié)合下文Forstarters,theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumedbeforetakingtheputertests.可知研究人員不知道喝咖啡的人在接受電腦測(cè)試前喝了多少咖啡，故這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果存在許多不確定性。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：此外，他們懷疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A.Moreover此外；B.However然而；C.Otherwise否則；D.Nevertheless然而。此處承接上文Forstarters,theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumedbeforetakingth