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河南專升本公共英語(yǔ)
第十一講閱讀理解
第一部分閱讀理解課堂筆記
一、閱讀理解題目的常見類型以及解題技巧
-)主旨大意題
主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當(dāng)大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)
容,是全文的核心,作者在文章中努力通過各種細(xì)節(jié)信息來(lái)闡明中心話題。因此,把握主旨大意對(duì)于正確
理解全文具有重要意義。
1、常見的命題方式:
這類題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想、段落大意的歸納、總結(jié)及概括能力。其提問的方式常有:
常見的提問方式有:
大意類(mainidea):
Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
Whatdosethispassagemainlyconcern?
Themainthemeofthispassageis
ThemainpointofthepassageisThetextismainlyabout—.
Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthepassageis_.
Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat_.
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?
Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis.
標(biāo)題類(besttitle):
Whafsthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?
Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?
Thetitleofthispassageshouldbe
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
Whatisthetopicofthetext?
Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?
Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.
Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassageis.
2、正確答案在文章中的位置:
大部分文章都有主題句(topicsentence),主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想(mainidea),找到了主題
句,也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此,“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題
句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種:
1)在開頭出現(xiàn);文章開門見山,提出主題,隨后擺事實(shí)、講道理來(lái)解釋、支撐和發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)
的主題思想.“總說(shuō)-分述”結(jié)構(gòu)。首段做總的說(shuō)明,其他段落分別說(shuō)明或具體論述首段的觀點(diǎn),屬于這種結(jié)
構(gòu)的文章主題在首段。
2.)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方
法也較為多見。通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意
味。
3)主題句位于段落的中間。通常前面只提出問題,文章的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申
在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說(shuō)明或發(fā)展。
4)主題句位于段末。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章結(jié)尾是作者采用了先擺事實(shí),后作結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作
歸納型段落。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的歸納寫作法。
5)主題句隱含在段意之中。全文沒有明確的主題句。其中心思想包含在各個(gè)句子中,在這種情況下,
將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個(gè)整體,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,概括歸納出主題。
3、文章標(biāo)題題型選項(xiàng)的特征:
1).文章主題詞必須在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)
2)要求標(biāo)題應(yīng)在最大限度上覆蓋全文,要有概括性。
3).選項(xiàng)范圍恰如其分,不可過大,亦不可過于細(xì)節(jié)
范圍過大:選項(xiàng)本身范圍過大;選項(xiàng)缺少文章中的限定詞
范圍過細(xì):只出現(xiàn)某一段中心事物的選項(xiàng)
4).直接從文章首句或某句話摘抄詞語(yǔ)編成的選項(xiàng)為干擾
【例一】:專升本2009年閱讀理解Passage2的第一段
Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivatesomeonetobuyaproduct.
Forexample,asmallchildmightaskforabreakfastfoodthatcomesinaboxwithapictureofaTVcharacter.
Thechildismoreinterestedinthepicturethaninbreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolororcutout,games
printedonapackage,orsmallgiftsinsideaboxalsomotivatemanychildrentobuyproducts—ortoasktheir
parentsforthem
46.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?
A.Childrenareinterestedinsomepackagesofproducts.
B.Packageisoneoftheimportantwaysofadvertising.
C.Peopleprefertobuytheproductsinplaincontainers.
D.Thesizeofapackageusuallymotivatesabuyer.
【解析】本文主要介紹了包裝本身就是廣告形式,是一篇說(shuō)明文章,主題很明顯,文章一開始就點(diǎn)明了
主題--Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising(廣告是一種重要的廣告形式)。接下來(lái)整篇文章
都是圍繞如何通過包裝達(dá)到廣告作用而展開?故選Bo
-)細(xì)節(jié)理解題
這類題主要考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的掌握情況。它又分為兩種情況:一是詞語(yǔ)細(xì)節(jié)類,其答
案幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來(lái),考生只要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)照,就能找到答案;二是隱
含細(xì)節(jié)類,這類題雖然不能直接從原文中的找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ),但考生可以根據(jù)文章的隱含意義,如原
因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲出答案來(lái)。細(xì)節(jié)類試題的提問方式很多而且靈活,提問的對(duì)象涉及短文中的時(shí)
間、距離、數(shù)量或原因、結(jié)果、方式等具體的細(xì)節(jié),有的需要先進(jìn)行計(jì)算才能得出答案,有的先要找出文
章的相應(yīng)部分才能得出答案。
1、常見的命題方式:
Accordingtotheauthor,who/what/when/where/which/why/how...?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/nottrue?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTment沁nedinthetext?
TheauthorstatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT
Whatisthereasonfor...?
當(dāng)問題中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意義的詞時(shí),需要進(jìn)行逆向思維。因此,一定要保持思維
清晰、認(rèn)真審題,不要武斷。
2、細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)、干擾選項(xiàng)的特征
1)正確選項(xiàng)的特征
原文改寫是細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的基本特征,從選項(xiàng)入手,尋找原文的語(yǔ)言重現(xiàn)。
a最常見的原文改寫的方法是詞性變換,同義詞、同義詞組的替換,這些變化往往體現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)與原文
之間的文字與文字之間的精確的對(duì)應(yīng)
b主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。.原文改寫還有一種很普遍的方式就是句式和表達(dá)法的轉(zhuǎn)換
c如果題干出現(xiàn)與原文某處的強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系詞,則答案也應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)原文所述取反,這種原文與選項(xiàng)之間反
義替換,也是文字對(duì)應(yīng)的一種
2)干擾選項(xiàng)特征:
a.照抄部分原文信息;
b.含有原文中沒有的內(nèi)容;
c.與原文相矛盾的內(nèi)容;
d.張冠李戴的內(nèi)容(把A的特征加在B上);
e.偷梁換柱的內(nèi)容:與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同,即選項(xiàng)仍用文章中的句法結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分詞匯,但
換關(guān)鍵詞,造成意思上的改變:
f.與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對(duì)化。
A)所述和原文相反;B)無(wú)中生有;C)和常識(shí)一致,卻和文中科學(xué)論述相悖;D)是原文不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>
改寫或推理;E)違背常理;F)語(yǔ)氣極端過于絕對(duì)
g.用同性元素來(lái)排除
3、細(xì)節(jié)題文章中??荚嚨恼Z(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象
1)、例證處???/p>
為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、更加明確,作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方,句中常用由as,suchas,
forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為例證,這些例句或比喻就成為
命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。
2)、轉(zhuǎn)折處???/p>
一般而言,轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常使語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn),命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過
however,but.yet,infact等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
3)、比較級(jí)處常考
比較級(jí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)是個(gè)應(yīng)用更為廣泛的。因?yàn)樗粌H用于定位,也用于排除選項(xiàng),因?yàn)闊o(wú)端的比較、
相反的比較,偷換對(duì)象的比較經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾選項(xiàng)中。正是由于我們標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到了原文中的比較,
才能夠較為順利地排除這樣的干擾。
4)、因果句???/p>
命題者常以文中因果句出一些考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在因果關(guān)系的試題,或出些概括文意、段意的試題。
一般以推理題和主旨大意題型出現(xiàn),兼顧少量事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題等。表示因果關(guān)系的詞由:becauseof,since,
for,as,therefore,consequenlly,resultin/from,asaresult,leadto,thus等。
5)、復(fù)雜句???/p>
復(fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處,包括同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句、從句、不定式等,命題者主要考查
考生對(duì)句子之間指代關(guān)系;文章段落之間關(guān)系的理解,常以邏輯推理題型出現(xiàn),包括少量詞匯等題型。
【例一】例如:
Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn(獨(dú)角獸).
Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorized
thatthereweretwotypesofunicorntheso-calledIndianAssandtheOryx,akindofantelope.Unicornsare
oftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamily,towncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandis
representedbyaunicorn?
Accordingtothelegend,anyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasa
reputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappers,inordertocatchthismagnificent
beastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshorn,wasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehind
itastheunicorncharged.Hopefully,thecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree?
56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?
A.Itwasnothistoricallyrecorded
B.ItshornwasfirstusedinFrance
C.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryx
D.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity
57.Tocatchaunicorn,theunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT。
A.temptingtheunicorntoattack
B.makinguseofthetreeasaprotection
C.hidingquicklybehindtheunicorn
D.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree
【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了傳說(shuō)中的獨(dú)角獸,如何捕捉等。56.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)
誤是因?yàn)榕c第一段第二句不吻合;B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)榕c第三段中的事實(shí)不符,文中只提到了iheFrenchcourt
用了unicornhorn,時(shí)間是theFrenchRevolutionin1789,并未說(shuō)這是第一次使用;C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在與第一段不符,
文中只提到了Aristotle的理論闡述,并沒有說(shuō)人們對(duì)theIndianAss和theOryx熟悉;D項(xiàng)與第一段倒數(shù)第
二句內(nèi)容吻合。對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)考查通常涉及一些長(zhǎng)難句,對(duì)此,不要驚慌,首先判斷是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句,若是
簡(jiǎn)單句,先找句子的主、謂、賓,理解其主要意義,再加附屬成分的意義。若是復(fù)合句,先判斷從句,再
分析各自的意義,最后聯(lián)合整句意義。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題要認(rèn)真,周全考慮方能選取正確答案。這種題的正
確選項(xiàng)往往是原文意義的不同表現(xiàn)形式。干擾項(xiàng)常是以下幾種情況:選項(xiàng)本身正確,但不符合題干要求;
選項(xiàng)本身錯(cuò)誤或原文根本沒有提到;選項(xiàng)中含有原文信息,但其中個(gè)別詞描述的不準(zhǔn)確,這種選項(xiàng)的干擾
性最強(qiáng),考生在答題時(shí)要十分注意。
57.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)榕c第二段中提到的thehunter的誘捕行為吻合,即standinfrontofa
tree來(lái)引誘unicorn的攻擊,其目的就是catchaunicorn;B項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)閠hehunter引誘unicorn來(lái)攻擊而
后movequicklybehindit(thetree),其目的就是利用thetree作為掩護(hù),而不是躲到unicorn的后面,所以C
項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)榕c第二段最后一句吻合。問題中有時(shí)含有NOT,EXCEPT,BUT等表示否定、排
除等意義的詞語(yǔ),需要進(jìn)行逆向思維。因此,一定要保持思維清晰,認(rèn)真審題,不宜匆忙武斷。
[彳列二]Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimes
you,llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you've
gottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents5eyes,and
thatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,but
sometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisa
challenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourselfo
Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,
thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimages
othersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschanging
thewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworldo
Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,make
alistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit。
46.Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou0
A.daretochallengeyourself
B.feelithardtochangeyourself
C.areunconfidentaboutyourself
D.haveahighopinionofyourself
47.Accordingtothepassage,ourself-images0
A.havepositiveeffects
B.areprobablyuntrue
C.areoftenchangeable
D.havedifferentfunctions
【解析】文章闡述了如何避免消極,并建立積極向上的自我形象。46.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Paral最后
一句"Ifyoufindthatbelievingyourselfisachallenge”可知意思是“缺乏自信47.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Para2
第二句,“Thisimageincludes…可知,self-image是可變的。選項(xiàng)A,不全面;根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thus
二可判
斷C項(xiàng)正確。細(xì)節(jié)性問題的答案不采用文章中的原話提問,而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)等,因此,在選擇答案前應(yīng)
首先看清題干,然后在查讀時(shí)尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ);最后,在充分理解原文、原題的基礎(chǔ)上選定正
確的答案。當(dāng)然,這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題涉及的面很廣。有的涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算,如時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等,對(duì)
這類問題須認(rèn)真計(jì)算后方可選定正確答案;有的涉及正誤判斷,要先看選項(xiàng),根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的線索,尋找
文中相應(yīng)部分,最后在題中選出肯定答案;還有的是有關(guān)事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。總之,做細(xì)節(jié)題切
忌通過自己對(duì)某類知識(shí)的主觀了解和認(rèn)識(shí)做出輕率判斷,一定要緊扣文章內(nèi)容,不可隨心所欲。
三)詞義猜測(cè)題和語(yǔ)義理解題。
這類題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力,突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。從考查內(nèi)容
看主要有對(duì)英語(yǔ)文章中生詞、熟詞的解釋意義、代詞的指代意義及短語(yǔ)或句子的含義。其常見的提問方式
有:
Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword...?
Theword...couldbestbereplacedby...?
Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)...
By”,theauthormeans.
Theword"“probablymeans.
Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying
Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase""inParagraph?
Whatdoesthephrase""inParagraphmean?
【例一】Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?
Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalk
aboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhen
hewasateenagero
“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,'Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?'"
saysBallmer."Therewasjustacompletegapintasteo”
Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerations
ofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbitso
41.Theunderlinedword“gufinPara.3mostprobablymeans。
A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation
【解析】本文講述“代溝”的發(fā)展、變化。以40歲左右為分界線,之前和之后與子女間的關(guān)系在改變,
雖然代溝越來(lái)越窄,但仍沒有消失,家庭研究專家提醒新的平等關(guān)系也會(huì)導(dǎo)致子女對(duì)父母的不尊重。41.
D由上文中提到的“…h(huán)eremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager0”
以及“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste?!笨芍猤ulf應(yīng)表示兩代人之間關(guān)系的“代溝separation指“分開,
分離猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)更多用到的方法是:結(jié)合上下文的意義、線索、內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。一般情況下,上下文
所提示的意義與所考詞匯通常是同義、反義或針對(duì)性解釋的關(guān)系,可直接確定詞義。根據(jù)上下文意義很難
作出判斷的,就考慮用句法和內(nèi)在邏輯方法去判斷,符合句法和內(nèi)在邏輯的可能為正確答案,反之則排除。
四)推理判斷題
推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,作出一定
的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題在閱讀中屬于難度較高的題型,
它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識(shí)別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某
一句話,也可能是某幾句話,甚至是整片文章,要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行
分析、挖掘、邏輯推理,揭示其深層含義。這類考題中常出現(xiàn)的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude
等。
常見的命題方式:
Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
Wecaninferfromthetextthat...?
Whatcanwelearnfrom...?
Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat
Theauthorimpliesthat
Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin
Whatdoyouthink...accordingtothepassage?
【例一】
Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuilding
upwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.Itis
saidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromthe
inhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththe
lower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwater
supply,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtoptobottom,andsoon,aswellassuchdetails,importantnotwithstanding
(然而),aseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarnagesonthegroundfloor,
playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.Itislikelythatthedispute
regardingflatsversus(對(duì),對(duì)抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainis
concerned.Anditisunfortunatethatthereshouldbehotfeelingsonbothsideswheneverthissubjectisraised.
Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumption(設(shè)想)thateveryoneprefersan
individualhomeandgardenandonthehighcostperunitofaccommodation.Thelatterignoresthehighercostof
providingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystoworkfor
thesuburbanresident.
Wecaninferfromthepassagethat
A)Englishpeople,likemostpeopleinothercountries,dislikelivinginflats.
B)Peopleinmostcountriesoftheworldtodayarenotopposedtolivinginflats.
C)PeopleinBritainareforcedtomoveintohighblocksofflats
D)Modernflatsstillfailtoprovidethenecessaryfacilitiesforliving
【解析】本題考核學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷的能力。文章中說(shuō)英國(guó)人在住房間題上與當(dāng)今世界上許多
國(guó)家的居民有著不同的看法,他們反對(duì)住高層公寓,文章中還列舉了許多理由說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn),而且指出這種
習(xí)慣很難改變。既然英國(guó)人與許多國(guó)家的居民不同,反對(duì)住高層公寓,那么世界上許多國(guó)家的居民便是不
反對(duì)住高層公寓,因此正確的答案是選項(xiàng)B。
第二部分河南專升本2001—2014年閱讀考試真題
2001年P(guān)artII.ReadingComprehension
Passage1
Overthelasttwentyyears,theEnglishlanguagehasbecomethenearestthingtoaninternationallanguage
fortheworld.Since1960therehasbeenanincreaseof40%inthepeopleusingEnglish,sothatitisnow
estimatedthatapproximately350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastherefirstlanguage,andaboutthesamenumber
ofpeoplespeakitastheirsecondlanguage.It'sthelanguageofaviation(航空)withpilotsbeingtrainedinEnglish
sotheycanunderstandflightcontrollersatinternationalairportsacrosstheworld.It'sthelanguageofsportwith
manyinternationalrulesandcommentaries(評(píng)論)beingwrittenandgiveninEnglish.It'salsothelanguageofpop
musicbecauseitrhymeseasilyandthewordsareshort.AndmoatpopularmusicgroupscomefromAmericaor
England.Inaddition,75%oftheworld'smailiswritteninEnglish;60%oftheworld'sradiostationsnow
broadcastinEnglish.Forty-fourcountrieshaveEnglishastheirofficiallanguage.Infactnowadays,ifyouare
thinkingofexpandingyourbusinessoutsideofyourowncountry,thereisastrongchancethatyouwillconduct
thatbusinessinEnglish.You'llbeatadisadvantageifyoudon'tspeakit.
26.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.theimportanceofEnglishintheworldB.thenumberoftheworld'sradiostationsbroadcastinginEnglish
C.thenumberofpeoplespeakingEnglishD.Englishasalanguageofpopmusic
27.HowmanypeoplespeakEnglishastheirsecondlanguage?
A.250millionB.100millionC.350millionD.400million
28,WhyisEnglishthelanguageofsportintheworld?
A.BecausealargenumberofAmericanslovespoils
B.BecausetherulesforinternationalgamesarewritteninEnglish.
C.BecausetheinternationalgamesareoftenheldinAmerica.
D.BecausetheAmericanswritetherulesfortheinternationalgames.
29.Whatdoestheword"conduct'1mean?
A.carryoutB.carrythroughC.carryoverD.carryon
30.WhatisthenumberofthecountrieswhichhaveEnglishastheirofficiallanguage?
A.60B.75C.44D.45
Passage2
Today,supermarketsarefoundinalmosteverylargecityintheworld.Butthefirstsupermarketwasopened
onlyfiftyyearsago.ItwasopenedinNewYorkbyamannamedMichaelCullen.
ASupermarketisdifferentfromothertypesofstoresinseveralways.Insupermarkets,goodsareplacedon
openshelves.Thecustomerschoosewhattheywantandtakethemtothecheck-outcounter(付款臺(tái)).Thismeans
thatfeweremployeesarerequiredthaninotherstores.Thewayproductsaredisplayed(陳歹U)isanotherdifference
betweensupermarketsandmanyothertypesofstores.Forexample,insupermarkets,thereisusuallyadisplayof
smallinexpensiveitemsjustinfrontofthecheck-outcounter:candies,chocolates,magazines,cheapbooksandso
on.Whyaretheythere?
Mostcustomerswhogotoasupermarketbuyfromashoppinglist.Theyknowexactlywhattheyneedtobuy.
Theyshopaccordingtoaplan.Bythetimetheyreachthecheck-outcounter,thecustomersarefeelingpleased
andrelaxedbecausethetaskofshoppingisfinished.Inthishappymood,thecustomersseeanattractivedisplay
ofinexpensivegoodsthatwerenotontheirshoppingLists.Nowtheyfeellikebuyingsomethingjustfortheir
ownpleasureandenjoyment.Manycustomersbuyfromthesedisplaysofproductsnearthecheck-outcounter,
andthisisexactlywhattheownerofthesupermarkethopestheywilldo.
Anotherimportantfactinhelpingacustomerchoosewhattobuyiswhereaproductisplacedonashelf.A
productthatisplacedateyelevelonashelfsellsmuchbetterthanonewhichisplacedonalowerorhighershelf.
Aproductwhichiseasytoseesellsbest.Manufacturespayahigherpricetohavetheirproductsplacedateye
levelontheshelves.
Thecomfortandconvenienceofshoppingcentersisanotherfactorwhichmakesthempopularwith
customers.Largeparkingspacesareprovided,andmanysupermarketsstayopenuntilverylateatnight.
31.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisNOTtrue?
A.Thefirstsupermarketwasopenedonlyhalfacenturyago.
B.Asupermarketisdifferentfromotherkindsofstoresintwoways.
C.ThefirstsupermarketwasopenedinNewYork.
D.Todaysupermarketsarefoundalmosteverybigcity.
32.Aproductthatisplacedsellsbest.
A.ashighasone'seyesB.ashighasone'swaistC.onalowershelfD.onahighershelf
33.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrue?
A.Supermarketsneedmoreclerksthanotherstores.
B.Insupermarketsgoodsareplacedonclosedshelves.
C.Thecustomersprefersupermarketstootherkindsofstores.
D.Thecustomerspayanyclerktheymeetforwhattheyhaveboughtinsupermarkets.
34.Whydoyouthinkshoppingcentersattractmorecustomersthanotherkindsofstores?
A.Theyhavelargeparkinglotsandtheystayopenuntilalmostmidnight.B.Theyhavemorekindsofgoods.
C.Theyhavefewemployees.D.Theydisplaysmallinexpensiveitemsinfrontofcheck-outcounters.
35.Accordingtothewaysmallinexpensiveitemsatedisplayed,wecaninferthattheownerofasupermarkethas
agoodknowledgeof
A.physiologyB.biologyC.psychologyD.biophysics
Passage3
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown,inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.All
wereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,
actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother,andthelatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns
calledletters,whichwouldbecombinerepresentthosesoundsandwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,
whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.
Thepowerofwords,thenliesintheirassociations-thethingstheyringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecome
filledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladand
sadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtous
increases.
Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoapressthesethoughtsinwordswhich
appealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotionsThischarminguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall
therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheir
positionandassociation.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,or
theywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.
36.Theoriginoflanguageis
A.alegendhandeddownfromthepastB.aquestiondifficulttoanswer
C.aproblemnotyetsolvedD.amatterthatishiddenorsecret
37.Oneofthereasonswhymeninventedcertainwordstoexpressthoughtandactionswasthat
A.theycouldcommunicatewitheachotherB.theycouldagreeoncertainsings
C.theycouldcombinethemD.theycouldwritethemdown
38.Therealpowerofwordsexistsintheir
A.propertiesB.peculiarityC.characteristicsD.representativefunction
39.Inexpressingtheirthoughts,greatwritersareable
A.toconfoundthereadersB.tomovementotear
C.tomoveustoactionD.toconfuseourfeelings
40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue?
A.Hisstyleisalwayscharming.B.Hispoemscanmovementotears.
C.Heisnomorethanamasterofwords.D.Hecanconveyhisisearinwordswhichsinglikemusic.
2001年閱讀理解答案
26—30ACBAC31—35BACAC36—40CADBA
Passage1
26【解析】:A.主旨題。本文通過一系列的事實(shí),說(shuō)明了英語(yǔ)在很多的方面的普及。通過文章開始的主題
句我們可以得出,這篇文章的主要目的在于說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的重要性。B,C,D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的細(xì)
節(jié),故不能成為答案。
27【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。由于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是數(shù)字,所以原文定位數(shù)字的地方,可知C為正確答案。
28【解析】:B.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位原文,之所以英語(yǔ)成為體育方面的國(guó)際語(yǔ)言,是因?yàn)楹芏囿w育方面的原則和
文章都是由英語(yǔ)完成的。
29【解析】:A.詞義題。根據(jù)上下文說(shuō)明你想國(guó)外開展自己的生意。所以正確答案為A
A.carryout實(shí)施,執(zhí)行B.carrythrough,實(shí)現(xiàn),完成,C.carryover繼續(xù)下去,將。。。延后,D.carryon
繼續(xù),進(jìn)行。
30【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位原文最后確定答案。
Passage2
31【解析】:B細(xì)節(jié)題。注意題目問的是哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不正確的。根據(jù)文章開頭的介紹,我們知道超市幾
乎在世界上任何一個(gè)大城市都可以找到。原文說(shuō)超市在幾個(gè)方面與一般的商店不同,而沒有說(shuō)只在兩個(gè)方
面不同,所以選B
32【解析】:A細(xì)節(jié)題。有核心題shelf可定位于倒數(shù)第二段,正確答案是A,和眼睛高度一致的位置上的
商品賣得最好。
33【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)于這種問那個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確或是錯(cuò)誤的題目,我們運(yùn)用排除法,對(duì)選項(xiàng)一一鑒別。
A選項(xiàng),對(duì)于,對(duì)應(yīng)二段末句,可知不對(duì),超市需要更少的雇員,屬于“反B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)二段第二段第二
句,可知超市的商品都是擺放在開放式的貨架上的,屬于“反C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)文章的開始和最后一段的第一
句,可知超市的確在顧客中很流行。D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)顧客可以向任何一個(gè)她們遇到的展員付款。這個(gè)原文根本沒
有涉及到,所以錯(cuò)誤,屬于“無(wú)”。
34【解析】:A.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位全文最后一段,可知超市流行的原因里有一點(diǎn)就是停車方便,而且營(yíng)業(yè)到很
晚。
35【解析】:C.推理題。定位文章第三段,我們知道擺放小商品的原因是基于對(duì)消費(fèi)者心理的充分掌握,
所以我們可以推出,超市的老板一定是有很豐富的心理學(xué)方面的知識(shí)。
Passage3
36【解析】:B細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段開頭就指出,人類創(chuàng)造詞匯,并開始使用文字的起源仍然是個(gè)謎。
37【解析】:A.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第二句表明,人類用聲音表達(dá)想法和動(dòng)作的目的是為了交流。
38【解析】:D.第一段最后兩句表明就是文字的來(lái)歷。
39【解析】:B.細(xì)節(jié)題,最后一段第一句指出,偉大的作家用詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)偉大的思想,深深的打動(dòng)我們的思
想和感情。由此可以看出:偉大的詩(shī)人也能用詞語(yǔ)使我們激動(dòng)的流淚。
40【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述了文字的功能,第一句明確地指出詞匯的功能在于使我們聯(lián)系起不同
的事物。nomorethan僅僅,C選項(xiàng)意思是他僅僅是語(yǔ)言的主人,對(duì)詩(shī)人有貶低之意,故C是錯(cuò)誤的。
2002年P(guān)artIIReadingComprehension(50points)
Passage1
Australia'spopulationpassed18millionforthefirsttimeinMarchthisyear.
ButasAustraliagrows,environmentgroupsyesterdayurgedthegovernmenttodevelopanationalpopulation
policytoavoidsevereenvironmentaldegradation(惡化).
AustralianBureauofStatistics(ABS)researchshowsthebirthorarrivalof68,700newAustraliansintheyear
toMarchpushedthepopulationto18,000,500.
Victoria'spopulationincreasedby23,000to4.5millionintheyearofMarch.TheABSalsoforcastthe
populationwouldreach20millionby2006and24millionby2033.
Australiareacheditsfirstmillionin1858.
Whileimmigrationwasresponsibleforalargepartofthepopulationboomsinthepast,overthelastfive
yearsnewbomsmadeup68perrentofthe1millionincreaseinpopulation.
Australiahasoneofthelowerpopulationgrowthratesintheregion,withNewZealandgrowingat1.4
percent.Indonesiaat1.7percentandPNGat2percent,ABSspokesmanMr.JohnPaicesaid.
AustraliansforanEcologicallySustainablePopulation;agroupof560academics,scientistsandpublic,
yesterdayurgedthegovernmenttodevelopasustainablepopulationstrategytoavoidfurtherlandandwater
degradation.
NationalALPpresidentBarryJoneslastyearchairedaparliamentaryinquiryintowhatpopulationlevels
Australiacouldreachwithoutriskingseriouspollutionanddegradationproblems.
Manyoftheopinionstotheinquirysuggestedapopulationlimitof17-23million.Thegovernmentwas
expectedtorespondtotheJonesreportbyJuly,butdidnot.
CSIROresearchscientistDr.DongCocksagreedthegovernmentneededtodevelopapopulationpolicy.
"Withpopulationsize(inAustralia)doublingevery40to50years,wewouldneedanothercoupleof
MelboumesandSydneysby2050,"Dr.Cockssaid.
Notes:ABS澳大利亞統(tǒng)計(jì)局PNG巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞
ALP澳大利亞工黨CSIRO聯(lián)邦科學(xué)-工業(yè)研究組織
31.Aspopulationgrows,environmentexpertsmaybeconcernedaboutallthefollowingexcept.
A.waterresourcesB.foodsupplyingC.housingD.radioactivepollution
32.Fromthepassagewemayinferthat.
A.Victoria'spopulationgrowthratewashigherthantheaveragerate
B.IntheyeartoMarch,thenewarrivalsweremorethannewbomsinVictoria
C.Fiveyearsago,newbornsweremorethannewarrivalsinVictoria
D.Victoria'spopulationalwaysgrewfasterthanthatofanyotherstate.
33.Australia'spopulationgrowthrateis.
A.higherthan2percent
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