Unit4ExploringliteratureGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版

B2Unit4ExploringliteratureGrammarModalverbsReadthewebsitearticleonP48andcompletethemindmap.Tosolvetheproblemof“whatshallIread?”(1)(2)(3)(4)Lookthroughthecollectionsinlibrary.Getideasfromdifferentsources.Developyourowntaste.Askfriends,parents,andteacherstorecommendbooks.Readbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.FreetalkWhatshallIread?Whatareyoursuggestions?ExpressingnecessityMakingsuggestionsExpressingnecessityTostartwith,askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.感知以下課文原句，指出句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義1.Wemustknowallthese，ifthebookistospeakitswholemessage.must表必要性，意為“必須”2.Ahundredmenmaypassafieldandseeonlydeadgrass...may表猜測(cè)，意為“可能”3.Toachievethis，itshouldcontaintwoelements:universalinterestandpersonalstyle.should表勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”4.Italsotakesonapersonalstyle—nowritercandescribehumanlifewithoutreflectinghisownlifeandexperiences.can表能力，意為“能夠”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modalverbs)，即表示人的情感和態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞，它們本身有一定的詞義，但是不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能跟動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Modalverbs?cancould表能力ability過去的能力表請(qǐng)求與許可request&permission更委婉表可能性posibilitycan't可能性更小could't

can/could能，會(huì)可以有時(shí)會(huì)／可能不可能不可能【注意】表示“能力”時(shí)，beableto和can可以換用。但是注意beableto能用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，was/wereableto表示“通過努力做成某事”，can沒有此種用法。翻譯并且理解can/could的用法TomcanspeakChinesewellwhileMarycan’t.Hecouldplayfootballattheageof5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.Could

/Can

I

useyourcomputer

?Don’teatit.Itcouldbepoisonous.Thenewscan’tbetrue.Alcoholcancausecancer.能，會(huì)能，會(huì)可以有時(shí)會(huì)／可能不可能有時(shí)會(huì)／可能通過努力做成某事maymight表請(qǐng)求與許可request&permission更委婉表可能性posibilitymaynot可能性更小mightnot

may/might可以可能,或許可能不可能不【注意】may(just)aswell,mightaswell“不妨，還是……為好”（可以用來提出建議）Sinceit’safineday,wemightaswellhaveawalkinthegarden.翻譯并且理解may和might的用法Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.--Might/MayIuseyourtelephone?--Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t./You’dbetternot.Itmayraintomorrow.Ithoughtyoumightlikesomethingtoread,soIboughtsomebooksforyou.5.I

thinkhemay/mightnotcometoday.表許可表可能性表請(qǐng)求許可表可能性表可能性可能不will/wouldwillwould表示“意志、意愿、決心”指過去會(huì),愿表示請(qǐng)求和建議等。用于第二人稱疑問句委婉客氣好嗎？可以嗎？愿意不？總是，老是,習(xí)慣于表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作usedto表示過去的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束翻譯并且理解will和would的用法.1.Iwillnevertellyouthesecret.2.Shesaidshewouldbuyacar.3.Would/Willyoupassthisbooktothestudentinthelastrow？4.Theboywillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby.5.Inclasshewouldasksomesillyquestions,andhisclassmateswouldlaughathim.6.Thedoorwon’topen.主語為物時(shí)，表固有性質(zhì)、傾向。門打不開。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)秘密。她說她會(huì)買一輛車?？偸?，老是,習(xí)慣于總是，老是,習(xí)慣于好嗎？可以嗎？愿意不？(1)表示“必須”，語氣比should，oughtto強(qiáng)烈。

其否定形式為mustn’t(不準(zhǔn)，禁止)。

Youmustn’tdothat，becauseyoumustkeepyourword.

你不能那么做，因?yàn)槟愕米袷刂Z言。Allvisitorsmustreporttoreception.

所有來賓必須到接待處報(bào)到。must以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用needn’t/don’thaveto?！狹ustIfinishthepapertoday?—Yes，youmust./No，youneedn’t/don’thaveto.【注意】must含有說話者的強(qiáng)烈決意（表示主觀的看法），haveto則表示外力環(huán)境使然（表示客觀的必要，作“不得不”解）。Imuststudyhard.我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。（發(fā)自內(nèi)心的決定）Ihavetostudyhard.我不得不努力學(xué)習(xí)。（外界因素逼迫）don'thaveto意思是“沒有必要”=don'tneedto(2)must表示可能性或肯定推測(cè)，只用在肯定句中，

意為“一定，準(zhǔn)是,想必”；

Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.

你一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷)Putonmoreclothes.Youmustbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

①mustdo(這里的do常是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。②mustbedoing表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。③musthavedone表對(duì)現(xiàn)在/過去的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。(3)表說話人生氣或不滿的情緒，意為“偏要；非得”?！狹ustyouinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?—Sorry,sir,butit’surgent.1.表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱.2.表示對(duì)過去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的某種推測(cè),譯為“可能、照說應(yīng)該”。3.表示“意外、驚訝”等緒，常意為“竟然；居然”。Childrenshouldobeytheirparents.Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.should/oughtto【警示誤區(qū)】1.oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”是從“義務(wù)責(zé)任”或“按理推斷”的角度來講的,口氣比should稍重。should則是從說話人的個(gè)人看法這一角度來講的。Youarehermother.Yououghttolookafterher.你是她的母親,你應(yīng)當(dāng)照管她.（是道義上的責(zé)任,不能和should互換.）Pricesoughttocomedownsoon.There'safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.2.oughtto表示“推測(cè)”，暗含很大的可能,可譯為“應(yīng)該是，會(huì)是”。Weoughttodefendourcountry.（義務(wù)）Oughtn'twetodoeverythingpossibletostoppollution?（責(zé)任）價(jià)格可能會(huì)很快下跌。今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個(gè)好天。(1)shall用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表“命令、威脅、警告、強(qiáng)制允諾、決心”等。Youshallarrivetherebeforesunset.(命令)Heshallhavemyanswertomorrow.(允諾)Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.(決心)Heshan’tcome.我不會(huì)讓他來。shall(威脅)(2)shall用于一、三人稱的疑問句，表征詢意見或請(qǐng)求允許.Shallwemeetattheschoolgateintheevening?(3)shall常用于主語是第三人稱的條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度等文件中表“義務(wù)”或“規(guī)定”。OneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformStudentsshallnotusecalculatorsduringexams.Shallthewaiterbringmealstoyourroom？dare

既作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也作行為動(dòng)詞,指勇氣和膽量上的可能,可譯為“敢”need既作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表示“需要,有必要”，Idarenot/daren'twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Youneedn'treturnthebooknow.Plantneedswater.Mycarneedsrepairing.Hehasgrownup.Wedon'tneedtoworryabouthim.Patienceisneededforthatjob.Hedaredmetojumpoverthestream.Didanyonedaretoadmitit？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonemusthavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedonemay/mighthavedonecouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedoneneedn’thavedone一定做過某事也許/或許已經(jīng)做……過去可能會(huì)做...本能夠做,但是未做過去不可能做過某事“本該做某事，卻沒做”“本不該做某事，卻做了”“本不必做某事,卻做了”1.他意識(shí)到一定有什么人進(jìn)過他的房間。Hewasawarethatsomeone________________hisroom.2.誰會(huì)想到你會(huì)做出這樣的事情？Who_____________________youdidsuchathing?3.你這么晚的時(shí)候本不應(yīng)該一個(gè)人來這里的。You____________________________herealoneatsuchalatehour.musthaveenteredcouldhavesupposedshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavecomeExercises4.她本不必親自來——寫封信來就足夠了。She________________inperson—aletterwouldhavebeenenough.5.我找不到我的鑰匙了。我可能昨天把它們落在學(xué)校了。Ican’tfindmykeys.I__________________thematschoolyesterday.needn’thavecomemay/mighthaveleft【ModalverbsinNMET高考中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞】（2022全國甲卷）Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.（2022全國乙卷）Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved..Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.（2022新高考I卷)Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（2020全國III卷）Theartistwassurehewould_____________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.（2020浙江1月卷）Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould_______________(place)onlongevity(長壽).beplacedbechosenApplyingtherules（P49）B1Forthefollowinggroupsofthreesentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.a

CanIkeepthebookformorethantwoweeks?

bNickcanreadmoreinanafternoonthanIcaninaweek!

cCanMaryfinishWarandPeaceinamonth?aIamafraidImaybeunabletofinishthisnoveltoday.

bItmaybedifficultforpeopletoagreeonwhatgoodliteratureis.

cYoumaygotothelibrarytomorrowafternoon,ifyouhavetime.√√requestabilityabilitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionApplyingtherulesB1Forthefollowinggroupsofthreesentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.aImustfinishwritingthebookreviewandhanditinbeforeWednesday.

bYoumustbetiredafterthreehours’reading.cStudentsmustdevelopthehabitofreadingclassicliterature.aHenryshouldbereadingbooksinthelibrary.bIhavefiftydollars—thatshouldbeenoughforthreebooks.cReadingEnglishnovelshasgreatlyincreasedmyvocabulary—youshouldtryittoo.√√necessitypossibilitynecessitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I(1)

(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It(2)

(hasto/must)beveryboring.”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.I(3)

(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebrations.OnChristmaseve,heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislifebythreespirits.Intheend,hereflects

on

thesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.Thenhedecidesthathe(4)

(might/must)changehimself.OnChristmasmorning,hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.can’tmustcouldmustB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.Thereissomethingthat(5)

(can/must)belearntfromAChristmasCarol:we(6)

(should/may)treatotherswithkindness,generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone(7)

(would/oughtto)readthisbook.canshouldoughttoCFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets,usingthepropermodalverbs.