【學(xué)案】2024-2025學(xué)年初高中英語銜接語法-八大時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)A.用法1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情。Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.我經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。2.表示喜好，外貌，能力，性格等。Shedoesn’tlikenoodles.她不喜歡面條。3.表示客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象。Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.太陽總是從東方升起。4.表示按計(jì)劃，規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。常見動詞有：begin,start,leave,go,come,arrive,return,stop等Themeetingbeginsatnine.會議九點(diǎn)開始。5.由when,after,before,until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Wewillgoforapicnicifitdoesn’traintomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們會去野餐。B.句子構(gòu)成1.be動詞型肯定句:Iamastudent.我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。否定句:Iamnotastudent.我不是一個(gè)學(xué)生。一般疑問句：Areyouastudent?你是一個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,I’mnot.2.實(shí)義動詞型肯定句：Ieatanappleeveryday.我每天吃一個(gè)蘋果。否定句：Idon’teatanappleeveryday.我不是每天吃一個(gè)蘋果。一般疑問句：Doyoueatanappleeveryday?你每天吃一個(gè)蘋果嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Ido.否定回答：No,Idon’t.3.情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形肯定句：HecansingEnglishsongs.他會唱英語歌。否定句：HecannotsingEnglishsongs.他不會唱英語歌。一般疑問句：CanhesingEnglishsongs?他會唱英語歌嗎？肯定回答：Yes,hecan.否定回答：No,hecan’t.C.信號詞1.頻度副詞always>usually>often>sometimes>never總是通常經(jīng)常有時(shí)從不2.every...everyday每天everyweek每周3.on...onSundays在周日onweekends在周末4.頻率onceaweek一周一次twiceayear一年兩次D.動詞變單三的規(guī)則1.一般情況直接+slike—likes喜歡2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動詞加+eswash—washes洗3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞把y變i,再加esstudy—studies學(xué)習(xí)特殊記have,do,gohave—has有，吃，喝，玩do—does做go—goes去一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語法練習(xí)：1．Andy__________(notbe)alwayslateforschool.2．__________Mandy__________(study)Englishafterschooleveryday?3．Shesometimes_________（eat）withhersisterintherestaurant.4．Mymotherusually________(wash)ourclothesonweekends.5．She________(be)fromtheUK.6．MrsGreen___________(notwash)herclothesonSundays.7．SometimesJim________(eat)dinnerwithhisparentsatShanghai Restaurant.8．She___________(notlike)comicbooks.9．SandyandLucy_______(be)inthesameclass.10．—_________Meimei_____(get)upatsixo’clockinthe morning?—Yes.11．Lucyandherparentsalways________(stay)athomeat weekends.12．Milkandbread__________(be)myfavoritefood.13．He_________(go)toschoolbybikeeverymorning.14．I_______(love)myparents.15．_______he______(have)aneraser?16．She____________(nothave)anymoney.17．Bill_________(like)watchingTV.18．MybrotherTom_______(have)averylovelydog.19．Jeffoften_______(play)computergamesverywell.20．MybrotherNick_______(have)ane-dog.（二）一般過去時(shí)A.用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Maryinvitedmetoherbirthdaypartyyesterday.Mary昨天邀請我去她的生日派對了。2.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。WhenIwasakid,Ioftenswamintheriver.當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常在河里游泳。3.usedtodo,過去常常做某事，表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在沒了。Myfatherusedtogotoworkbycar,butnowheoftengoestoworkonfoot.我爸爸過去常常開車去上班，但是現(xiàn)在他經(jīng)常步行去。B.句子構(gòu)成1.be動詞型肯定句：Iwasastudenttenyearsago.十年前我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。否定句：Iwasnotastudenttenyearsago.十年前我不是一個(gè)學(xué)生。一般疑問句：Wereyouastudenttenyearsago?十年前你是一個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Iwas.否定回答：No,Iwasn’t.2.實(shí)義動詞型肯定句：ShelivedinShanghailastyear.去年她住在上海。否定句：Shedidn’tliveinShanghailastyear.去年她沒有住在上海。一般疑問句：DidsheliveinShanghailastyear?去年她住在上海嗎？肯定回答：Yes,shedid.否定回答：No,shedidn’t.3.情態(tài)動詞型+動詞原形肯定句：Susancouldplaythepianowhenshewasfour.Susan四歲的時(shí)候會彈鋼琴。否定句：Susancouldnotplaythepianowhenshewasfour.Susan四歲的時(shí)候不會彈鋼琴。一般疑問句：CouldSusanplaythepianowhenshewasfour.Susan四歲的時(shí)候會彈鋼琴嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Shecould.否定回答：No,shecouldn't.C.信號詞1.yesterday...yesterday昨天yesterdaymorning昨天早上thedaybeforeyesterday前天2.last..lastyear去年lastweek上一周3....ago系列twoyearsago兩年前threehoursago三個(gè)小時(shí)以前4.in+過去年份in2021在2021年in1997在1997年5.when...whenIwas...yearsold當(dāng)我?guī)讱q時(shí)whenIwasyoung當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候6.其他短語inthepast在過去justnow剛才theotherday幾天前attheageof...在幾歲時(shí)onceuponatime從前oneday有一天D.動詞變過去式的規(guī)則變化1.一般情況直接+edlook—looked看起來2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾直接+dlive—lived居住3.以輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母+edstop—stopped停止4.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加+edstudy—studied學(xué)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)語法填空練習(xí)。1.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.2.We_________tozooyesterday.(go)3.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?4.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.5.Weall_________(have)agoodtimelastnight.6.He_________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.7.Shelikes_________newspapers,butshe_________abookyesterday.(read)8.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.9.It____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.Mr.White___(go)tohisofficebycar.10.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.11.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.12.Whyhaveyoukeptme__________hereforsolongatime?(wait)13.She__________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(goes)14.Inhisletter,hesaidthathe__________usverymuch.(miss)15.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.16.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.17.Greatchanges__________inourcountrysince1978.(takeplace)18.I__________mydaughtersincelastmonth.(hearfrom)19.It__________metwodaystowritethearticle.(花費(fèi))20.We__________footballwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostopandgohome.(play)（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)A.用法1.表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。Look!Sheissleeping.看，她正在睡覺。2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與thesedays（這些天）thisweek（這周）等連用。Steveniswritinganovelthesedays.Steven最近這些天在寫一本小說。3.表示漸變的過程，常見動詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go等。Theleavesareturninggreen.樹葉正在變綠。4.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，與always,forever連用，表示說話人的感情色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。5.表示人的內(nèi)心感受，態(tài)度，愿望的動詞，感官系動詞等不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：like,hope,hate,know,wish,mind,decide，smell等。Heloveshismotherverymuch.他非常愛他的媽媽。注意：feel可以表達(dá)一時(shí)的感受，用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。Iamnotfeelingwelltoday.我今天感覺不太舒服。B.句子構(gòu)成1.主語+be+動詞ing+其他be動詞：am,is,arebe動詞使用規(guī)則：I用am,you用are,is連著他he，她she，它it單數(shù)(不可數(shù))is,復(fù)數(shù)are肯定句：Sheisdoinghomeworknow.否定句：Sheisnotdoinghomeworknow.一般疑問句：Isshedoinghomeworknow?肯定回答：Yes,sheis.否定回答：No,sheisn’t.C.信號詞1.now現(xiàn)在4.listen聽（句首）2.atthemoment現(xiàn)在，此時(shí)此刻5.thesedays這些天3.look看（句首）6.Bequiet保持安靜D.動詞變ing的規(guī)則變化直1.一般情況直接+ingread—reading讀do—doing做去2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾去e,+ingwrite—writing寫see—seeing看雙3.以輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音，再+ingrun—running跑swim—swimming游泳改4.ie結(jié)尾的ie改為y，再+ingdie—dying死lie—lying躺現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)語法填空練習(xí)。1.-Whatareyoudoing?—I'm________(read)books.2.-What'sPeterdoing?-He's________(wash)hisdirtysocks.3.-Where'syourmother,Anna?-Sheis________(make)lunchinthekitchen.4.Look!SamandTomare________(run)there.5.TheBrownsare________(eat)dinnernow.6.-Whereisyourfather?-He________________(work)onthecomputerinthestudy（書房）.7.Listen!They________________(sing)intheroom.8.NowDave________________(watch)afootballgameonTV.9.Thestudents________________(speak)tothenewteacher.10.Don`tmakenoise.Thechildren________________(study)online.（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)A.用法1.表示過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情。Iwasplayingfootballatthreeyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午三點(diǎn)我正在踢足球。2.表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動作。Iwascleaningtheroomthewholemorning.整個(gè)上午我都在打掃房間。3.表示一個(gè)動作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行。Iwasreadingabookwhenshecamein.她進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我正在看書。IwaswatchingTVwhilemymotherwascooking.我媽媽做飯的時(shí)候我正在看電視。B.句子構(gòu)成1.主語+was/were+動詞ing+其他肯定句：Wewereplayingbasketballatfiveyesterday.昨天下午五點(diǎn)我們在打籃球。否定句：Wewerenotplayingbasketballatfiveyesterday.昨天下午五點(diǎn)我們沒有打籃球。一般疑問句：Wereyouplayingbasketballatfiveyesterday?昨天下午五點(diǎn)你們在打籃球嗎？肯定回答：Yes,wewere.否定回答：No,weweren’t.是的，我們在打不，我們沒打C.信號詞1.atthattime那時(shí)5.while引導(dǎo)的從句2.then那時(shí)6.when引導(dǎo)的從句3.atthatmoment那時(shí)7.atthreeyesterdayafternoon昨天下午3點(diǎn)4.thewholemorning整個(gè)上午8.from7to9yesterday昨天從7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)語法練習(xí)?！猈hendidyouloseyourpurse?—I’mnotsure.MaybeyesterdayafternoonwhenI__________(run)aftermypet.—Whatwasthenoisethewholemorning?—Oh,theZhangfamilyupstairs__________(decorate)theirflat.Thetwins__________(quarrel)atthistimeyesterday.Nobodyknewwhentheystopped.—Didyouwatchthefootballmatchlastnight?—No.I__________(study)fortheexamsatthattime.Lastweek,I__________myleganditstill__________now.(hurt)Mymotherwascookingwhilemyfather__________9read)anewspaperathomeyesterday.—__________thegirl__________(take)themedicineatthemoment?—Yes,sheis.Theearthquake__________(start)whileI__________(do)somereadinginthestudy.Isawthesmallgirlfalloverand__________(hit)herhand.She__________(write)aletterwhenI__________(come)in.（五）一般將來時(shí)A.用法1.表示將來要發(fā)生的事情。（will/shall+動詞原形）TheywillleaveforBeijingnextweek.他們下周要去北京。2.表示計(jì)劃，打算做某事，表示已決定并且很可能發(fā)生的事，表示根據(jù)跡象要發(fā)生。（begoingto+動詞原形）Lookatthedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看這些烏云，要下雨了。3.表示即將發(fā)生的動作。（beto+動詞原形）AliceandJimmyaretobemarriedinOctober.Alice和Jimmy將在十月份結(jié)婚。4.表示即將發(fā)生，不與具體時(shí)間狀語連用。（beaboutto+動詞原形）Thetrainisabouttostart.火車要開了。5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。（be+動詞ing），常見動詞有：go，come，leave,start,begin,arrive,fly,runThebusiscoming.公交車就要來了。WeareleavingforShanghai.我們就要去上海了。6.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的情況。a.表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事情。b.在if,assoonas,until,when等引導(dǎo)的從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(主將從現(xiàn))Ourplanetakesoffat8:30.我們的飛機(jī)8:30起飛。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveabasketballmatch.如果明天不下雨，我們將舉行一場籃球比賽。B.句子構(gòu)成1.主語+begoingto+動詞原形肯定句：Heisgoingtobeadoctor.他想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。否定句：Heisnotgoingtobeadoctor.他不想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。一般疑問句：Ishegoingtobeadoctor?他想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生嗎？肯定回答：Yes,heis.否定回答：No,heisn’t.2.主語+will/shall+動詞原形肯定句：Iwillgofishingtomorrow.明天我要去釣魚。否定句：Iwillnotgofishingtomorrow.明天我不去釣魚。一般疑問句：Willyougofishingtomorrow?明天你要去釣魚嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Iwill.否定回答：No,Iwon’t.注意：will可以用于各種人稱，shall多用在第一人稱（I,we)的后面。Therebe句型的一般將來時(shí)1.Thereisgoingtobe...Thereisgoingtobeabasketballmatchnextweek.下周有一場籃球比賽。2.Therearegoingtobe...Therearegoingtobetwomeetingsthisafternoon.今天下午有兩個(gè)會議。3.Therewillbe....Therewillbeabasketballmatchnextweek.下周有一場籃球比賽。??Therebe句型不能與have/has連用Thereisgoingtohaveameeting.C.信號詞1.tomorrow...tomorrowmorning明天早上thedayaftertomorrow后天2.next...nextweek下周nextyear明年3.in+一段時(shí)間intenyears十年以后intwominutes兩分鐘后4.in+未來年份in2030在2030年5.this...thisafternoon今天下午thisevening=tonight今晚6.短語soon很快inthefuture將來一般將來時(shí)語法填空練習(xí)。There(be)abasketballgameinourschoolthiscomingweekend.2.Wedidbadlyinthegamethistime,butwe(try)ourbestnexttime.3．Thefridgeisemptynow.Jack(fill)itwithallkindsoffoodtomorrow,isn’the?4．—It’sabout9o’clock.DoyouthinkDaniel(arrive)herelate?—No,thetrainisusuallyontime.Bepatient!5．Ibelievewe(make)ourChinaDreamcometrueearlierifallofuspulltogether.6．It’sapitythathe(notattend)mybirthdaypartythiscomingSaturday.7．DoyoumindifIturntheTVoff?I(make)along-distancecallandit’shardtoheariftheTVison.8．—Who(speak)attomorrow’smeeting?—IthinkMr.Liis.9．Hehopesthathe(win)thefirstprizeinthecomingfootballfinal.10．I（take）upanewhobbynextyear.（六）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)A.用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。Ihavedonemyhomework.我已經(jīng)寫完作業(yè)了。2.過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，未來有可能繼續(xù)發(fā)生。Mr.YanghastaughtEnglishfor20years.張老師已經(jīng)教了20年英語了。B.句子構(gòu)成主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞肯定句：Hehasdonehishomework.他已經(jīng)寫完作業(yè)了。否定句：Hehasnotdonehishomework.他還沒有寫完作業(yè)。一般疑問句：Hashedonehishomework.他已經(jīng)寫完作業(yè)了嗎？肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.C.信號詞1.already已經(jīng)7.uptonow到目前為止2.yet已經(jīng)，還8.sofar到目前為止3.just剛才9.recently/lately最近4.ever曾經(jīng)10.for+一段時(shí)間5.never從不11.since自從6.before以前12.inthepasttwoyears在過去的兩年現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三大謎團(tuán)1.havegoneto已經(jīng)去某地（沒有回來）2.havebeento曾經(jīng)去過某地（已經(jīng)回來）3.havebeenin在某地待了一段時(shí)間HehasalreadygonetoTibet.他已經(jīng)去西藏了。HehasbeentoTibetthreetimes.他已經(jīng)去西藏三次了。HehasbeeninTibetforthreeyears.他已經(jīng)在西藏三年了。Since與for的區(qū)別1.forfor+一段時(shí)間2.sincesince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since+...ago,since+一般過去時(shí)的句子HehasbeenBeijingfor10years.他已經(jīng)在北京10年了。HehaslivedinBeijingsince2010.自從2010年開始，他就住在北京了。HehaslivedinBeijingsincetenyearsago.自從10年前開始，他就住在北京了。HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewastenyearsold.自從10歲開始，他就住在北京了。拓展：非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞都可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。非延續(xù)性動詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用，延續(xù)性動詞可以。非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhavecomebehereborrowkeepgobethereopenbeopenfinishoverclosebecloseddiebedeadbeginbeoncatchacoldhaveacoldstartbeonputonweargetupbeupwakeupbeawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrivebereachbe誤：Ihaveboughtthisbookfortwodays.正：Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。如何區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?一般過去時(shí)：過去發(fā)生的事情，常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday,lastweek等一般過去時(shí)：過去發(fā)生的事情，常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday,lastweek等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，常與模糊的時(shí)間詞連用，如：recently,sofar等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法填空練習(xí)。1.I____

already

____

(see)

the

film.

I

________

(see)

it

last

week.

2.

_____

he

____

(finish)

his

work

today?

Not

yet.

3.

My

father

____

just

____

(come)

back

from

work.

He

is

tired

now.

4.

——Where’s

Li

Ming

?

——He

__________

(go)

to

the

teacher’s

office.

5.

I

__________

(work)

here

since

I

______

(move)

here

in

1999.

6.

So

far

I

_______________(make)

quite

a

few

friends

here.

7.

How

long

________

the

Wangs

______________(stay)

here

?

For

two

weeks.

8.

I

________

just

___________

(finish)

my

homework.

9.

He

________

(go)

to

school

on

foot

every

day.

10.____

you

______

(find)

your

science

book

yet?

（七）過去完成時(shí)A.用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的兩件事情，后發(fā)生的事情用一般過去時(shí)，先發(fā)生的那件事要用過去完成時(shí)（過去的過去）IhadreadEnglishbeforeIatebreakfast.吃早飯之前我已經(jīng)讀過英語了。2.表示某一動作，在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去的時(shí)間，并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。Ihadlearned1,000wordsbytheendoflastyear.到去年年底，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1,000個(gè)單詞了。B.句子構(gòu)成主語+had+動詞過去分詞+...肯定句：IhadstayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere.他搬到美國時(shí)，我已經(jīng)在這里兩年了。否定句：IhadnotstayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere.他搬到美國時(shí)，我還沒有在這里兩年。一般疑問句：HadyoustayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere?他搬到美國時(shí)，你已經(jīng)在這里兩年了嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Ihad.否定回答：No,Ihadn’t.C.信號詞1.by+過去時(shí)間bytheendoflastyear到去年底2.when,before,after+過去時(shí)間before7o’clockyesterday昨天7點(diǎn)之前3.uptill+過去時(shí)間uptilllastnight直到昨天晚上拓展：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。過去完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去的影響。IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.（到現(xiàn)在為止）我去過北京三次了。IhadbeentoBeijingthreetimesbytheendoflastyear.（到去年底為止）到去年年底，我已經(jīng)去過北京三次了。過去完成時(shí)語法填空練習(xí)。1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(run)awaybeforethepolicemen_______(arrive).5.I__________(turn)offallthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)aphonecall.7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.9.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toChongqingthreetimes.10.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.（八）過去將來時(shí)A.用法表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。多用于賓語從句或間接引語中。IsaidIwouldwalkmydogthenextday.我說我第二天要去遛狗。B.句子構(gòu)成1.主語+was/were+goingto+動詞原形肯定句：Hewasgoingtoseehisfriendthenextday.他第二天打算去看他的朋友。否定句:Hewasnotgoingtos