北京市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項涂黑。Itwasmyfirstdayofhighschool,anditwasmyfirstdayofschoolinanewcity.Therewasonlyonethingonmymind:whattowear.Agoodimageiseverything,soitwasimportantformeto1thepeoplewhoIwouldspendthenextfouryearswith.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ithoughtabouthowconvenientitwouldbetoweartheschooluniform.Aftercarefullyselecting,Iemergedproudlyinapatterneddress.Anhourlater,Ifelt2asIsteppedoffthebusandheadedtowardroom1136.ButasIturnedthecornerintomyfirstclass,myjawdroppedtothefloor.SittingatherdeskwasMrs.Hutfilz,myEnglishteacher,3theexactsamedressasI.Ikeptmyheaddownandtiptoedtomyseat,butthefirstdaymeantintroductionsinfrontofthewholeclass,andsoonenoughitwasmy4.Imadeitthroughmyminutespeech,untilMrs.Hutfilzstoodup,jokinglyaddingthatshelikedmy5.AlthoughthiswasthemomentIhadbeenworryingfromthemomentIwalkedin,allthe6thathadincreasedsurprisinglymeltedaway;thestudentswhohadpreviouslybeenstaringattheirphones7theirheadsasIsharedmystory.MysmilegrewasIlaughedwithmypeers,endingmyspeechwith“AndIamverystylish,muchlikemyfirstperiod8.”Afterclass,IstayedbehindandtalkedtoMrs.Hutfilz,sharingmypreviousworryaboutcomingintoanewschoolandcity.Iwas9tomakeahumorousandgenuineconnectionwithmyfirstteacher,onethatwouldcontinuefortherestoftheyear.WhilemyfirstperiodofhighschoolmaynothavegoneexactlythewayIthoughtitwould,itcertainlymadetheday10inthebestway,andtaughtmethatMrs.Hutfilzhasanawesomesenseofstyle!1．A．impress B．surprise C．please D．encourage2．A．shy B．lucky C．free D．powerful3．A．preparing B．wearing C．hiding D．designing4．A．turn B．chance C．reward D．solution5．A．writing B．style C．speech D．voice6．A．happiness B．confidence C．boredom D．a(chǎn)nxiety7．A．nodded B．buried C．raised D．touched8．A．neighbor B．peer C．teacher D．friend9．A．relieved B．nervous C．patient D．embarrassed10．A．unpredictable B．unforgettable C．unbearable D．unchangeable〖答案〗1．A2．D3．B4．A5．B6．D7．C8．C9．A10．B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者上學(xué)的第一天和老師穿了一樣的衣服，在作者感到尷尬時，老師用幽默的話語緩解了尷尬，給作者留下了難忘的記憶。【1題詳析】句意：一個好的形象就是一切，所以對我來說，給那些和我一起度過接下來四年的人留下深刻印象是很重要的。impress使印象深刻；surprise使驚訝；please使快樂；encourage鼓勵。根據(jù)上文“Agoodimageiseverything”可知，作者想留下深刻印象。故選A項。【2題詳析】句意：一個小時后，當(dāng)我下了車，朝1136房間走去時，我感到很有力量。shy害羞的；lucky幸運的；free自由的；powerful有力量的。根據(jù)上文“Aftercarefullyselecting,Iemergedproudlyinapatterneddress.”可知，作者感到很有力量。故選D項?！?題詳析】句意：坐在她桌前的是我的英語老師胡菲爾茲夫人，她穿著和我一模一樣的衣服。prepare準(zhǔn)備；wear穿；hide躲藏；design設(shè)計。根據(jù)上文“whattowear”以及下文“theexactsamedressas”可知，作者和老師穿著一樣的衣服。故選B項。【4題詳析】句意：我低著頭，踮著腳尖走到座位上，但第一天的課程意味著要在全班同學(xué)面前做自我介紹，很快就輪到我了。turn轉(zhuǎn)動，輪流；chance機會；reward回報；

solution解決措施。根據(jù)下文“Imadeitthroughmyminutespeech”可知，輪到作者自我介紹了。故選A項?！?題詳析】句意：我做了一分鐘的演講，直到哈菲爾茨夫人站起來，開玩笑地補充說她喜歡我的風(fēng)格。writing寫作；style風(fēng)格；speech演講；voice聲音。作者和老師穿著同樣一款衣服，所以老師開玩笑地說很喜歡作者的風(fēng)格。故選B項。【6題詳析】句意：雖然從我走進(jìn)來的那一刻起，我就一直在擔(dān)心，但所有增加的焦慮都令人驚訝地消失了。happiness幸福；confidence自信；boredom厭倦；anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)上文“worrying”可知，作者的焦慮增加了。故選D項。【7題詳析】句意：當(dāng)我分享我的故事時，之前一直盯著手機的學(xué)生都抬起了頭。nod點頭；bury埋葬；raise提高；touch觸摸。根據(jù)上文“thestudentswhohadpreviouslybeenstaringattheirphones”可知，盯著手機看的同學(xué)在作者分享故事時抬起了頭。故選C項。【8題詳析】句意：當(dāng)我和同學(xué)們一起大笑時，我的笑容越來越燦爛，最后以“而且我很時尚，很像我的第一節(jié)課的老師”結(jié)束了我的演講。neighbor鄰居；peer同輩人；teacher教師；friend朋友。根據(jù)上文“SittingatherdeskwasMrs.Hutfilz,myEnglishteacher”可知，這里指的是老師。故選C項。【9題詳析】句意：我和我的第一位老師建立了一種幽默而真誠的聯(lián)系，這讓我松了一口氣，這種聯(lián)系在那一年剩下的時間里一直持續(xù)著。relieved放心的；nervous緊張的；patient耐心的；embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)下文“makeahumorousandgenuineconnectionwithmyfirstteacher”可知，作者和作者的第一位老師建立了一種幽默而真誠的聯(lián)系，這讓作者松了一口氣，不那么焦慮了。故選A項?！?0題詳析】句意：雖然我的第一段高中生活可能并不完全像我想象的那樣，但它確實以最好的方式讓這一天難忘，并讓我知道哈菲爾茲夫人有一種令人敬畏的時尚感!。unpredictable不可預(yù)測的；unforgettable難以忘記的；unbearable不可忍受的；unchangeable不變化的。根據(jù)上文可知，作者和老師穿著同樣一款衣服，且老師很有幽默感以及下文“taughtmethatMrs.Hutfilzhasanawesomesenseofstyle!”可知，這一天很難忘。故選B項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AAnelderlycouplehasbecomestarsinthemarathoncommunity.11(win)atleast200medalsfromsportsmeetingsinthepasttenyears,theyareregardedasrolemodelsbymanypeople.Initially,thecouplestartedrunningjust12(improve)theirhealth.Later,theydecidedtochallengethemselvesandsignedupforamarathon.Thoughneitherofthemhadrunafullmarathonbefore,theymanagedtocompleteit.Theybelievenomatter13ageitis,themarathonspiritoffightingtotheendisessential.〖答案〗11．Havingwon12．toimprove13．What【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了一對老夫婦成為了馬拉松界的明星。在過去的十年中，他們在運動會中贏得了至少200枚獎牌，被許多人視為榜樣。講述了他們的跑步經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在過去的十年中，他們在運動會中贏得了至少200枚獎牌，被許多人視為榜樣。此處win在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，且在謂語之前發(fā)生，用havingdone形式，首字母大寫。故填Havingwon?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最初，這對夫婦開始跑步只是為了改善他們的健康。此處improve在句中作目的狀語，用不定式。故填toimprove。【13題詳析】考查狀語從句。句意：他們相信，無論年齡多大，拼搏到底的馬拉松精神都是必不可少的。此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“無論什么”應(yīng)用nomatterwhat。故填what。BThehorse-faceskirt,ormamianquninChinese,isatraditionalChineseskirtthatdatesbacktotheSongDynasty.Traditionallyithastwopanels14(attach)toasinglewaistband,whichoverlapinfrontofthebodytoforma“skirtdoor”,likethehorse-facedefensesonancientcitywalls.Itprimarily15(represent)aChinesephilosophicalconceptthatharmonizesstrengthandgentleness.Theskirthasgonebeyondtimeandspacetobecomeafashionitemtoday.It16(prefer)byfansoftraditionalclothing,whohavecontinuedtodevelopit.〖答案〗14．a(chǎn)ttached15．represents16．ispreferred【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了馬面裙的歷史以及受歡迎的情況。【14題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：傳統(tǒng)上，它有兩個嵌板連接在一條腰帶上，它們在身體前面重疊形成一個“裙門”，就像古代城墻上的馬面防御一樣。此處attach與panels構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填attached。【15題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：它主要代表了一種中國哲學(xué)觀念，即和諧的力量和溫柔。陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為It，謂語用三單形式。故填represents?！?6題詳析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：它受到傳統(tǒng)服裝愛好者的青睞，他們一直在繼續(xù)發(fā)展它。主語It與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)語境可知陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，謂語用單數(shù)。故填ispreferred。CItcanbehardnottoletnegativitygointoyourday,especiallyduring17(stress)periodsoflife.Abitofoptimismmakesyoubecomebetterandemotionally18(healthy)inthelongterm.Anoptimisticpersonisalwayslookingforthebestinanysituationandexpectingthatgoodthings19(happen).Butbeingoptimisticdoesn’tmeanyougointodenialandpretendeverythingisfinewhenit’snot.Itisaparticularstateofmind20youhopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.〖答案〗17．stressful18．healthier19．willhappen20．Where【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了從長遠(yuǎn)來看，一點點樂觀會讓你變得更好，情緒更健康。一個樂觀的人總是在任何情況下尋找最好的，并期待好事會發(fā)生。但樂觀并不意味著你要否認(rèn)一切，假裝一切都很好，但事實并非如此。這是一種特殊的心態(tài)，你抱最好的希望，做最壞的打算。【17題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：不讓消極情緒進(jìn)入你的生活是很難的，尤其是在生活壓力很大的時候。修飾名詞periods應(yīng)用形容詞stressful。故填stressful?！?8題詳析】考查比較級。句意：從長遠(yuǎn)來看，一點點樂觀會讓你變得更好，情緒更健康。根據(jù)上文“becomebetter”可知為比較關(guān)系，應(yīng)用比較級。故填healthier。【19題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：一個樂觀的人總是在任何情況下尋找最好的，并期待好事會發(fā)生。此處從句表示將來的動作，應(yīng)用一般將來時。故填willhappen?！?0題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：這是一種特殊的心態(tài)，你抱最好的希望，做最壞的打算。定語從句修飾先行詞stateofmind，在從句作地點狀語，故用where。故填where。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AManythingscometomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Impressivesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamelocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.TheRock.ZanzibarOnanenormousstoneoffthecoastoftheEastAfricanislandofZanzibarsitsTheRock.Thefreshestseafood,muchofitstraightfromthesurroundingocean,isalwaysavailablehere.Freshlobster,prawns,octopussaladandcalamariarejustafewoftheappetizingdiningoptions.Atlowtide,customerscanwalkouttoTheRock.Asthewaterrises,though,customersmusttakeashortboatridetoit.Oncetheyarrive,they’regreetedbyfriendlystaffand360-degreeviewsofbeautifulblue-greenwater.TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant,”isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.TheLabasinWaterfallsRestaurant,PhilippinesStunningwaterfallssometimeshaverestaurantsatthetop.ButtheLabasinWaterfalls,inSanPabloCity,Philippines,aredifferent.Arestaurantsitsatthebottomofthesefalls.GuestsdineonauthenticFilipinomealsatbambootablesthatstandrightinthewater.Theycooltheirfeetinthewaterthatflowsundertheirtables.Thesurroundingjunglemakesaperfectbackgroundforthisone-of-a-kinddiningexperience.TheGrotto,ThailandTheGrottoRestaurantonThailand’sPhraNangBeachoffersdeliciousfoodandanincrediblediningexperience.Therestaurantispartlypositionedinsideacaveandpartlyonthebeach.GuestsseatedtowardthefrontlookoutatHappyIslandinthelovelyAndamanSea.Thoseseatedatthebackenjoyanauthenticcave-diningexperience.Comfortabletablesarearrangedinsidethecave.InternationalfoodwithaThaiinfluenceisfeatured.Foryournexttravel-and-diningadventure,whynotmakeareservationatoneoftheseuniquerestaurants?21．WhatdoweknowaboutTheRock?A．Itislocatedonanenormousship.B．Itissuitableforholdingaweddingcelebration.C．Customerscanwalkouttotherestaurantallthetime.D．Thetablesstandrightinthebeautifulblue-greenwater.22．Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveincommon?A．Customerscanenjoythebeautifulviewsofthesea.B．Shortboatridesareneededtogettotheserestaurants.C．Theyofferthefreshestseafoodfromthesurroundingocean.D．Theyintegratedeliciousfoodwithincrediblediningexperiences.23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Tocallonreaderstovisittheuniquerestaurants.B．Topresentavailablerestaurantsforreaderstoworkin.C．Tointroducethedeliciousfoodofferedintherestaurants.D．Toremindpeopletotakeabreakfromthebusyschedules.〖答案〗21．B22．D23．A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了三家既有美味的食物也有美麗的風(fēng)景的三家餐館。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant,”isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.(巖石，有時被稱為“浮動餐廳”，可用于婚禮和其他小組活動。)”可知，此處適合舉行婚禮。故選B?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(然而，以下三家餐廳的菜單上都有迷人的景色和美味的食物。)”可知，這三家餐館的共同之處就是既有迷人的景色也有美味的食物。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Foryournexttravel-and-diningadventure,whynotmakeareservationatoneoftheseuniquerestaurants?(對于你的下一次旅行和用餐的冒險，為什么不預(yù)訂一個這些獨特的餐廳呢？)”可知，這篇文章的目的號召讀者們?nèi)グ菰L這三家餐館。故選A。BWhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.Formonths,IquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.Mymotivationwaswhollyto“futureproof”,orde-risk.Anditworked.Inmy12yearsasCEO,totalshareholderreturnwas149%,andnetprofitjumped80%.Wecutthesalt,fat,andsugarinsodaandchips,addedmorehealthfulbrandsandproducts,andloweredtheamountofwaterneeded.Wekeptinnovationgoingandourdesignstudioswonmanyawards.OurtalentacademywassobrilliantthatnineseniormanagerslefttotakeCEOjobselsewhere.Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.“PerformancewithPurpose”presentedtoughmomentsforme,includingwhenoneinvestorquestioned,“Whodoyouthinkyouare?Aphilanthropist(慈善家)?”Butskepticismfadedwhenacollectivemissiontookholdthatincludedboththebottomlineandmuchbeyond.Thiswasmyhopefromthestart.24．Theauthor’snewvisionforthecompanycamefrom_________.A．itsuniqueculturalroot B．herthoroughresearchC．customers’fundamentalneeds D．shareholders’strongrequirements25．Accordingto“PerformancewithPurpose”,anidealcompanyshould_________.A．shiftitsstrategiesproperly B．valueemployees’feedbackC．shouldersocialresponsibility D．prioritizefinancialreturns26．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Therisksacompanymayface. B．Theauthor’sambitiontocreatevalue.C．Theinterestsinvestorsseekafter. D．Theauthor’srecipeforsuccessfulbusiness.27．AsCEO,theauthorcanbebestdescribedas_________.A．inspiringandwarm-hearted B．determinedandfar-sightedC．a(chǎn)mbitiousandgenerous D．modestandstrategic〖答案〗24．B25．C26．D27．B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文，作者于2006年成為一家全球公司的CEO時，決心讓公司在短期內(nèi)取得佳績，并在作者離開后依然長期繁榮。作者提出“績效與目的”的愿景，旨在實現(xiàn)財務(wù)成功的同時，關(guān)注社會責(zé)任、環(huán)境保護(hù)和員工發(fā)展?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Formonths,IquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(幾個月來，我靜靜地閱讀了所有影響商業(yè)的重大社會趨勢。我在市場里走了一圈，查看了員工的反饋。我還深入研究了公共企業(yè)的義務(wù)。從這一切中，我們看到了公司未來十幾年的發(fā)展方向。我稱之為“有目的的表現(xiàn)”。我們的目標(biāo)是提供巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報，就像我們一直做的那樣，同時還有三個明確的目標(biāo)：滋養(yǎng)人類和社區(qū)，保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境，珍惜我們的人民。)”可知，作者進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作，包括閱讀有關(guān)影響商業(yè)的重大社會趨勢的資料、考察市場以及深入研究公共公司的義務(wù)，基于這些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故選B項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(我稱之為“有目的的表現(xiàn)”。我們的目標(biāo)是提供巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報，就像我們一直做的那樣，同時還有三個明確的目標(biāo)：滋養(yǎng)人類和社區(qū)，保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境，珍惜我們的人民。)”可知，一個理想的公司應(yīng)該承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任。故選C項?！?6題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.(我認(rèn)為，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須從未來的角度考慮問題，即使事情進(jìn)展順利。我們現(xiàn)在有了一個可以提供幫助的框架：不斷發(fā)展的環(huán)境、社會和治理指標(biāo)模板（ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），從本質(zhì)上講，這些模板有助于企業(yè)和市場降低風(fēng)險。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)迫使任何有志于長期保持相關(guān)性的人討論殘酷的事實。如果這些指標(biāo)經(jīng)過精心挑選，ESG并不會違背投資者的利益。重要的是，降低公司風(fēng)險實際上創(chuàng)造了股東價值。)”可知，第四段主要講述了作者如何通過ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來為公司“去風(fēng)險”，這是作者成功經(jīng)商的秘訣。故選D項?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.

Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.(2006年，當(dāng)我被任命為一家跨國公司的首席執(zhí)行官時，我決心管理這家公司，讓它在我離開多年后，既能提供良好的短期業(yè)績，又能保持長期繁榮。它已經(jīng)處于良好的狀態(tài)，但我夢想著創(chuàng)建一個21世紀(jì)的標(biāo)志性公司，為自己的根源感到自豪，同時在不斷變化的時代具有全球性和責(zé)任感。)”可知，作者作為CEO，不僅決心要讓公司在短期內(nèi)表現(xiàn)良好，還致力于長期發(fā)展，提出了前瞻性的“PerformancewithPurpose”愿景，并成功實施，使公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和環(huán)境等多方面取得顯著成效。這表明作者既堅定又具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識。故選B項。CCreativityiscommonlythoughtofasapersonalitytraitthatresideswithintheindividual.Wecountoncreativepeopletoproducethesongs,movies,andbookswelove,toinventthenewgadgetsthatcanchangeourlives,andtodiscoverthenewscientifictheoriesandphilosophiesthatcanchangethewayweviewtheworld.Overthepastseveralyears,however,socialpsychologistshavediscoveredthatcreativityisnotonlyacharacteristicoftheindividual,butmayalsochangedependingonthesituationandcontext.Thequestion,ofcourse,iswhatthosesituationsare:whatmakesusmorecreativeattimesandlesscreativeatothers?Oneanswerispsychologicaldistance.AccordingtotheConstrualLevelTheory(CLT)ofpsychologicaldistance,anythingthatwedonotexperienceasoccurringnow,here,andtoourselvesfallsintothe“psychologicallydistant”category.It'salsopossibletoinduceastateof“psychologicaldistance”simplybychangingthewaywethinkaboutaparticularproblem,suchasattemptingtotakeanotherperson’sperspective,orbythinkingofthequestionasifitwereunrealandunlikely.Inthisnewpaper,byLileJiaandcolleaguesatIndianaUniversity,scientistshavedemonstratedthatincreasingpsychologicaldistancesothataproblemfeelsfartherawaycanactuallyincreasecreativity.Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.Consider,forinstance,acornplant.Aconcreterepresentationwouldrefertotheshape,color,taste,andsmelloftheplant,andconnecttheitemtoitsmostcommonuse—afoodproduct.Anabstractrepresentation,ontheotherhand,mightrefertothecornplantasasourceofenergyorasafast-growingplant.Thesemoreabstractthoughtsmightleadustocontemplateother,lesscommonusesforcorn,suchasasourceforethanol,ortousetheplanttocreatemazesforchildren.Whatthisexampledemonstratesishowabstractthinkingmakesiteasierforpeopletoformsurprisingconnectionsbetweenseeminglyunrelatedconcepts,suchasfast-growingplants(corn)andfuelforcars(ethanol).Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectofspatialdistanceoncreativity.Participantsperformedacreativegenerationtask,inwhichtheywereaskedtolistasmanydifferentmodesoftransportationaspossible.ThistaskwasintroducedashavingbeendevelopedeitherbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginGreece(distantcondition)orbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginIndiana(nearcondition).Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.28．Whatcanwelearnaboutpsychologicaldistance?A．Itbringsmoreabstractconceptsintoourmind.B．Itbuildsuncommonconnectionsinourmind.C．Itenablesustoknowmoreusesofcommonthings.D．Itmakesproblemseasiertobesolved.29．WhichofthefollowingistrueofspatialdistanceaccordingtoJia’sstudy?A．Distantconditionisrelatedtopeople’screativeability.B．ItmakesstudentsinIndianalistmoremodesoftransportation.C．Itenablespeopletogeneratemoreabstractideas.D．Ithelpsonetotakeanotherperson’sperspective.30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．FormationofAbstractThoughts B．FormationofConnectionsamongConceptsC．WaystoCreatePsychologicalDistance D．AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity〖答案〗28．A29．A30．D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，主要講述了心理距離和空間距離對創(chuàng)造力的影響?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.”（根據(jù)CLT，心理距離影響我們在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距離遠(yuǎn)的事物以相對抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具體。）可推知，心理距離會帶來更多抽象的概念。故選A?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.”（如預(yù)測的那樣，處于遠(yuǎn)距離條件的參與者比處于近距離條件的參與者產(chǎn)生了更多的、原創(chuàng)的交通方式。）可推知，空間距離與人們的創(chuàng)造力有關(guān)。故選A?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?”（為什么心理距離能增加創(chuàng)造力？）以及第四段“Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectofspatialdistanceoncreativity.”（在最近的研究中，賈研究了空間距離對創(chuàng)造力的影響。）可知，本文主要講述了心理距離和空間距離對創(chuàng)造力的影響。因此最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity”（一種簡單的提升創(chuàng)造力的方法）。故選D。DInrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwiththeprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertisetoplacemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsandwithourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeanstofeedtheworld’srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffortinvolvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.Inaddition,thisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpactsontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctions,thetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledge—theimparting(傳授)oftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.Withregardtothis,perhapstheirmosttraditionallyacknowledgedtask,collegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaseriousbindgenerally.Ontheonehand,thereistheAmericancommitment,enteredintoespeciallysinceWorldWarII,toprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversities,coupledwitharadical(激進(jìn)的)shiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,thereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreat“growthindustry”,itisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresourcesofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgets,thereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapita(人均)outlayfortheirstudents.Onecrucialaspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistentshortageoftrainedfaculty,whichhasled,inturn,toadecliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.Intensifyingthesedifficultiesis,asindicatedabove,theconcernwithresearch,withitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inaddition,thereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions’organizationandfunctioningtofulfillthedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.31．Accordingtothepassage,________shouldbethemostimportantfunctionofinstitutionsofhighereducation.A．creatingnewknowledgeB．providingsolutionstosocialproblemsC．makingexpertsonsophisticatedindustriesoutoftheirstudentsD．preparingtheirstudentstotransmitinheritedknowledge32．InAmericanuniversities,thereisacontradiction(矛盾)between________.A．morestudentsandlessinvestment B．educationqualityandeconomicprofitC．lowenrollmentrateandhighdropoutrate D．privateownershipandAmericancommitment33．WhichisTrueaboutAmericanuniversities?A．Mostteachersaredevotedtoimprovingtheircompetenceininstruction.B．Researchoccupiesmoreresourcesandteachers’attentionthanteaching.C．Theinstitutions’organizationtendstomeetthedemandsofteaching.D．Thelackoftrainedfacultyleadstothedeclineinthequalityofresearches.34．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．highqualityattractsstudentstostayinpublicuniversitiesB．theAmericancommitmentistoblameforallthedifficultiesC．highereducationusedtohaveapriorityingovernmentbudgetsD．theincreasingexpensesforeachstudentdrainthenationalresources〖答案〗31．D32．A33．B34．C【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。作者就美國大學(xué)現(xiàn)在存在的問題進(jìn)行了論述，作者從美國社會越來越依賴大學(xué)談起，探討了現(xiàn)在美國大學(xué)的尷尬局面，科研和教學(xué)無法兼顧，美國大學(xué)到底是要科研還是要教學(xué)？【31題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Inaddition,thisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpactsontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctions,thetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledge—theimparting(傳授)oftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.(此外，這種專注于創(chuàng)造新知識的做法，對大學(xué)履行其他主要職能、傳播和解釋知識——傳授過去的遺產(chǎn)以及為下一代繼承遺產(chǎn)做準(zhǔn)備的努力產(chǎn)生了重大影響)”可知，高等教育的主要任務(wù)是知識的傳承與解釋——對過去遺產(chǎn)的傳播和教育年青一代并將其發(fā)揚，D項“儲備學(xué)生去傳輸遺產(chǎn)歷史知識”與作者的觀點一致。故選D項?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Withregardtothis,perhapstheirmosttraditionallyacknowledgedtask,collegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaseriousbindgenerally.Ontheonehand,thereistheAmericancommitment,enteredintoespeciallysinceWorldWarII,toprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversities,coupledwitharadical(激進(jìn)的)shiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,thereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.(關(guān)于這一點，也許是他們最傳統(tǒng)的公認(rèn)任務(wù)，今天的學(xué)院和大學(xué)普遍發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了嚴(yán)重的困境。一方面，美國承諾為所有能從中獲益的年輕人提供高等教育，這一承諾尤其是自二戰(zhàn)以來達(dá)成的。這一承諾的結(jié)果是，我們大學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)大幅增加，同時高等教育從私立部門向公立部門發(fā)生了根本性轉(zhuǎn)變。另一方面，高等教育可用的資源仍然存在著嚴(yán)重和持久的局限性)”可知，目前很多美國大學(xué)和學(xué)院常常處于一種尷尬的境地就是學(xué)生越來越多，但高等教育可用資源有限，即A項“更多的學(xué)生和更少的投入”。故選A項?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Intensifyingthesedifficultiesis,asindicatedabove,theconcernwithresearch,withitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inaddition,thereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions’organizationandfunctioningtofulfillthedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.(如上所述，加劇這些困難是因為對研究的擔(dān)憂，因為研究對資源的要求相互矛盾，并引起了教員的關(guān)注。此外，大學(xué)的組織機構(gòu)和功能存在著強烈的傾向性，即滿足科研而不是滿足教育的需要)”可知，就美國大學(xué)和學(xué)院而言，研究比教學(xué)占用更多的資源和教師的注意力。故選B項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgets,thereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapita(人均)outlayfortheirstudents.(隨著入學(xué)率的大幅度提高和國家與各州不再給高等教育以財政上的優(yōu)先權(quán)，公立大學(xué)花在每個大學(xué)生身上的錢已經(jīng)明顯下降)”可知，現(xiàn)在國家與各州不再給高等教育以財政上的優(yōu)先權(quán)，說明以前高等教育在國家和各州的財政上是有優(yōu)先權(quán)的。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有項為多余選項。Wanttowritebetter?There’sanewbookthatsayssimplewritingisbest.Doyoucheckyourtextmessagesbeforesending?35Ifnot,youmightprefergettingthingsdonefast,evenifthey’renotperfect.Thisbookarguesthatit’simportanttowritecarefully,even