湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2025屆零診暨畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2025屆零診暨畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABeautifulGuatemalaisalandrichindiversityandculturalheritage.Whetheryouhopetosummitavolcano,hikethroughthejungleorexploreancientruins,Guatemalawillnotdisappoint.TikalNationalParkTikalNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandoneofthemostfamousplacesinGuatemala.Tikalcoversanestimated46miles(around74km)andisoneofthemostextraordinaryarchaeologicalsitesinCentralAmerica.Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.Chichicastenango“Chichi,”asit’sknownbythelocalKichepopulation,hoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.ThetowncomesaliveonThursdaysandSundayswhenvendors(小販)comefromsurroundingareastodisplaytheirgoods.Themarketburstswithvariedcoloursandalivelyatmosphere,stockingeverythingfromvividly-coloredclothtotraditionalcarvedwoodenmasks.GuatemalaCityBrightlygraffitied(涂鴉)wallslinethebusystreetsinGuatemalaCitywhereyou’llfindtrendystores,relaxingbars,anddiverseartgalleries.MakesuretocheckoutLaEsquina,anindoorfoodmarketwithsomeofthebestfoodstallsinthecity.TheMuseoPopolVuhisaleadingmuseumintheworldofMayanart.HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.AcatenangoVolcanoVolcanoAcatenangotowersalmost4,000metresabovethesurroundinglandscapejustoutsideAntigua.Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.Notonlywillyougettoappreciatethebreathtakingviews,butyouwillalsohaveabird’s-eyeviewofthenearby(andextremelyactive)VolcanFuego.1.What’sthebestchoiceforsomeoneinterestedinMayanhistory?A.TikalNationalPark. B.Chichicastenango.C.GuatemalaCity. D.AcatenangoVolcano.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuatemalaCity?A.IthoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.B.Itisaperfectdestinationforartlovers.C.Youcanbuyvividclothandmasksthere.D.MuseoPopolVuhisagreatfoodmarket.3.WhatisspecialaboutAcatenangoVolcano?A.AbirdviewofGuatemalaCity.B.ThehighesttowerinGuatemala.C.Thehiketothevolcanosummit.D.Itisanextremelyactivevolcano.〖答案〗1.A2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了擁有豐富文化遺產(chǎn)的拉丁美洲國(guó)家Guatemala一些著名景點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于TikalNationalPark的介紹段最后一句“Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前，古瑪雅文明就是在這里繁榮起來(lái)的)”可知，古瑪雅文明曾在這里繁榮，因此如果游客對(duì)瑪雅歷史感興趣，可以去這個(gè)國(guó)家公園。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于GuatemalaCity的介紹段最后一句“HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.(在這里，你可以花幾個(gè)小時(shí)欣賞瑪雅人和殖民地藝術(shù)的難以置信而全面綜合的收藏品)”可知，這個(gè)地方有很多藝術(shù)作品，因此對(duì)熱愛(ài)藝術(shù)的人，這是旅游絕佳目的地。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于AcatenangoVolcano的介紹段第二句“Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.(攀登這座火山的頂峰是Guatemala最艱難但也是最受歡迎的徒步旅行之一)”可知，攀登該火山頂峰是最艱難，也是最受歡迎的徒步旅行，因此可推測(cè)這也是該火山最特殊的地方。故選C項(xiàng)。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.D.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.D.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecouple’santicipation. B.Thepublicinvolvement.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Influentialandunderstanding. B.Humorousandelegant.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.B7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了身患絕癥的出版商McIntyre女士與其丈夫捐贈(zèng)善款，通過(guò)RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)組織幫助他人清償巨額醫(yī)療賬單的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意識(shí)到，在某種程度上，她比其他人幸運(yùn)。她有保險(xiǎn)來(lái)幫助支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用)”可知，麥金太爾女士覺(jué)得自己比其他人幸運(yùn)，這是因?yàn)樗嗅t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)幫助支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，她有醫(yī)療保障。故選C。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(盡管她的健康狀況正在惡化，麥金太爾女士還是決定盡可能多地幫助人們償還醫(yī)療債務(wù)。這對(duì)夫婦開(kāi)始向一個(gè)名為RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)的組織捐款，該組織致力于償還他人未付的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫通過(guò)償還他人未付的醫(yī)療債務(wù)幫助別人。故選D。【6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(這對(duì)夫婦在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上設(shè)立了一個(gè)頁(yè)面，為此目的籌集資金。他們?cè)鞠ＭI集約2萬(wàn)美元。盡管如此，麥金太爾女士的最后一篇帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的捐款很快就超過(guò)了總目標(biāo)。在不到一周的時(shí)間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在繼續(xù)。截至2023年11月22日，麥金太爾女士的網(wǎng)頁(yè)已籌集了62.7萬(wàn)美元，足以償還約6000萬(wàn)美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，本段主要介紹了公眾參與籌集資金，即公眾參與。故選B。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫格雷戈里先生知道，許多癌癥患者由于醫(yī)療費(fèi)用而面臨艱難的決定，最終欠款遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他們的承受能力)”可知，麥金太爾女士能夠理解他人的處境，根據(jù)第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(盡管如此，麥金太爾女士的最后一篇帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的捐款很快就超過(guò)了總目標(biāo)。在不到一周的時(shí)間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在繼續(xù)。截至2023年11月22日，麥金太爾女士的網(wǎng)頁(yè)已籌集了62.7萬(wàn)美元，足以償還約6000萬(wàn)美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士很有影響力，由此可知，麥金太爾女士有影響力和理解他人的。故選A。CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書(shū)的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書(shū)的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。【9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個(gè)過(guò)程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來(lái)巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng))”可推知，畫(huà)線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過(guò)程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。DInmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?Linguists(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)generallyarguefor“thearbitrarinessofthesign”:noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.Arareexceptionisonomatopoeia,wherewordsrepresentingthebarkofadog(bow-wow)andthebuzzmadebyabeearemoreorlesssimilartothesound.Yetmostthingsarenotsubjecttonamingthisway.Whataboutmama?Itdoesnotsoundlikeamother,butthefactisthatsomesoundsaremorewidespreadthanothersaroundtheworld.Therearemanydozensofobservedconsonantswhicharerareandhardfornon-nativestolearn.Incontrast,afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.Ababyvocalisingwill,atfirst,makeavowel-likesound,usuallysomethinglike“ah”,whichrequireslittleinthewayofcontroloverthemouth.Iftheybrieflyclosetheirmouthandcontinuevocalising,airwillcomeoutoftheirnose,thusmakingthem-soundthatisusedin“mother”aroundtheworld.Thoughthe“mamas”bearthemostobvioussimilarity,the“papas”havestrikingcommonalities,too.Babiescaneasilystoptheirbreathwhentheyclosetheirlips(ratherthangoingonbreathingthroughthenose).Thisproducesab-orap-sound.Itissurelyforthisreasonthatsomanynamesfor“father”usetheseconsonants:papainEnglish,abbinArabicandbabainMandarin.T-andd-soundsaresimilarlybasic,involvingasimpletapofthetongueagainsttheteeth:hencedaddy,tatay(Tagalog)ortayta(Quechua).Fatherandmotherare,therefore,anoddity.F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(發(fā)音);th-soundsareevenharder.English,GreekandSpanishareunusualinhavingthem.EvenAnglophonechildrenmaystrugglewithth-soundswhentheyarefive,orolderstillinmanycases.Anyway,itishardtofindlinguisticuniversalsamidtheworld’sdazzlingvariety.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quadruped”inParagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Pronunciation B.Sound C.Bee D.Animal13.“Mamas”and“papas”areusedsouniversallybecause________.A.thesoundsofthetwowordssoundalikeB.airwillcomeoutofbaby’smouthdirectlyC.thesoundscanbeeasilyandnaturallyutteredD.babiescancontinuetheirbreathwhenclosingtheirlips14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsmightbethemostdifficulttoarticulate?A.Forthcoming. B.Programme. C.Magnificent. D.Magazine.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Inspirationfrombabies’smileandtalks.B.Linguists’effortstotheresearchofsounds.C.Connectionbetweenthewordmumanddad.D.Reasonsforsimilarsoundsinunrelatedlanguages.〖答案〗12.D13.C14.A15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是篇議論文。文章主要在探討在不同的語(yǔ)言中，一些相似的發(fā)音存在的原因是什么。【12題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.”（單詞dog和毛茸茸的quadruped之間沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（長(zhǎng)毛的）可知，劃線詞應(yīng)該是指和狗一樣的長(zhǎng)毛的動(dòng)物。故選D。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.”（有少數(shù)幾個(gè)，比如b、m、p、t、d和k，在世界上幾乎每一種口語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的頻率都要高得多，這幾乎可以肯定是因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)菀装l(fā)出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)很容易、很自然地被發(fā)出讀音。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(發(fā)音);th-soundsareevenharder.”（F-不是特別容易發(fā)音；th音更難發(fā)音。）可知，選項(xiàng)A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最難清晰地發(fā)音。故選A?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?”（在許多語(yǔ)言中，““mother/mom”這個(gè)詞帶有m音，這種近乎普遍的現(xiàn)象有什么原因嗎?）并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要在討論許多發(fā)音普遍存在于不同的語(yǔ)言中的原因。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.___16___?HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.___17___.The“Encyclopedia(百科全書(shū))ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺(jué)的)practices.___18___,enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.___19___,suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.Theysmellspecialandtheirscentsshouldbeincludedintheencyclopedia.Butjustashistoryisfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmells,it’salsofilledwithstinky(非常難聞的)ones.“Ifinditparticularlyinterestingtomaketheaudienceknowaboutawholerangeofscentssuchasastinkycanal,”saidCaroVerbeek,ascenthistorianandmemberoftheOdeuropateam.“Itwillmakeusmoreawareofhowwerelatetosmelltodayandhowdifferentlysmellswereappreciatedinthepast.Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.___20___.Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.”A.ItexpressedalongingforthecountrysidelifeB.ButwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsagoC.WhyisitfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmellsD.ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEuropeE.ThemoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscentsF.TheencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportantG.TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast〖答案〗16.B17.G18.D19.F20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是歷史是寫(xiě)出來(lái)的，讀出來(lái)的，講出來(lái)的，但很少有人去聞它。今天歐洲有一條街道可能聞起來(lái)像咖啡、剛出爐的面包和香煙的味道。但是幾百年前它聞起來(lái)是什么味道呢？科學(xué)家們正在試圖重現(xiàn)歐洲往日的氣味?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)空前“AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.(如今，歐洲的大街上可能彌漫著咖啡、剛烤好的面包和香煙的味道。)”可知今天的歐洲街頭有著濃郁的面包、咖啡和香煙的味道，根據(jù)空后“HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.(歐洲的歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在與香水商和博物館一起開(kāi)展了一個(gè)名為“Odeuropa”的獨(dú)特項(xiàng)目——捕捉16世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)初歐洲的氣味。)”可知一些科學(xué)家正在探索16世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)早期之間歐洲的味道，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是幾百年前歐洲的氣味是什么樣子的，B項(xiàng)Butwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsago?(但是幾百年前它是什么味道呢？)承接上文，引出下文，而且B項(xiàng)中的it指代上文提到的AEuropeanstreet，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.(為了成功地完成這個(gè)為期三年的項(xiàng)目，研究人員需要找到歐洲所有古老的氣味，甚至重建一些古老的氣味景觀。為此，他們將首先建立人工智能，訓(xùn)練其掃描用七種不同語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的歷史文本，以獲取對(duì)氣味的任何描述。)”可知為了搜尋幾百年前歐洲的味道，科學(xué)家們會(huì)利用人工智能來(lái)掃描歷史文獻(xiàn)，尋找與氣味有關(guān)的描述，根據(jù)下一段首句“The“Encyclopedia(百科全書(shū))ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺(jué)的)practices.(《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》將包括特定氣味的意義，并將追溯氣味、地點(diǎn)、嗅覺(jué)實(shí)踐背后的故事。)”可知空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與科學(xué)家利用找到的信息創(chuàng)建百科全書(shū)有關(guān)，G項(xiàng)TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast.(然后這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)利用這些信息來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)關(guān)于歐洲過(guò)去的氣味的百科全書(shū)。)指出科學(xué)家們將會(huì)利用這些信息來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)關(guān)于歐洲過(guò)去的氣味的百科全書(shū)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)空前“The“Encyclopedia(百科全書(shū))ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺(jué)的)practices.(《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》將包括特定氣味的意義，并將追溯氣味、地點(diǎn)、嗅覺(jué)實(shí)踐背后的故事。)”可知《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》將包括某些氣味的意義，并將追蹤氣味背后的故事、產(chǎn)生氣味的地點(diǎn)和嗅覺(jué)體驗(yàn)，根據(jù)空后“enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.(讓后代能夠接觸和了解有香味的過(guò)去。)”可知《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》可以讓子孫后代能接觸并了解香味的過(guò)去，空處承上啟下，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》的意義有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEurope.(它將成為歐洲嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)的記錄。)指出《嗅覺(jué)遺產(chǎn)百科全書(shū)》的意義所在，承接上文，引出下文，而且D項(xiàng)中的It指代上文的The“Encyclopedia(百科全書(shū))ofSmellHeritage”，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)空后“suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.(比如醫(yī)生。在過(guò)去，草藥經(jīng)常被歐洲的醫(yī)生用來(lái)治療病人。)”可知在過(guò)去草藥經(jīng)常被醫(yī)生用來(lái)救人，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該提到了某些人，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Theencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportant.(這一百科全書(shū)也會(huì)包括對(duì)一些人的描述，對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō)，氣味很重要。)引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.(運(yùn)用目前的技術(shù)，幾乎每一種香味都可以生產(chǎn)出來(lái)。)”可知運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科技，幾乎任何氣味都能被制造出來(lái)，根據(jù)空后“Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.(人們并不總是談?wù)摶蛎枋鏊麄儭?”可知人們不總是談?wù)摶蛎枋龈鞣N氣味，空處承上啟下，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與氣味的描述有關(guān)，E項(xiàng)Themoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscents.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目更困難的部分將是找到氣味的描述。)指出在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中比較困難的部分是對(duì)于氣味的描述，與前文運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科技任何氣味都能被制造出來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)單形成對(duì)比，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草叢)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21.A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.well-informed B.well-dressed C.well-behaved D.well-balanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.common D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32.A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.looker-on B.passer-by C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy〖答案〗21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者旁觀兩只加拿大鵝爭(zhēng)吵的故事。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)或見(jiàn)過(guò)加拿大鵝嗎？你知道它們以新鮮的草和種子為食嗎？A.drawon利用；B.focuson專注；C.feedon以……為食；D.tryon試穿。根據(jù)后文的“freshgrassandseeds”可知，本句想表達(dá)它們以新鮮的草和種子為食。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：加拿大鵝以其彬彬有禮而聞名。A.desire欲望；B.reputation聲譽(yù)；C.affection感情；D.appetite食欲。根據(jù)后文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，每當(dāng)你走過(guò)的時(shí)候，它們總是向你鞠躬，故它們有良好的聲譽(yù)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)同伴是粗魯?shù)模绕涫窃谒麄優(yōu)槭澄餇?zhēng)吵的時(shí)候——是的，這些舉止得體的紳士確實(shí)會(huì)爭(zhēng)吵，只是為了吃點(diǎn)東西。A.generous慷慨的；B.faithful忠誠(chéng)的；C.weird奇怪的；D.rude粗魯?shù)?。根?jù)后文的“especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood”可知，加拿大鵝有時(shí)為食物爭(zhēng)吵，故它們有時(shí)是粗魯無(wú)禮的。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)同伴是粗魯?shù)?，尤其是在它們?yōu)槭澄餇?zhēng)吵的時(shí)候——是的，這些舉止得體的紳士確實(shí)會(huì)爭(zhēng)吵，只是為了吃點(diǎn)東西。A.well-informed見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣；B.well-dressed穿著考究的；C.well-behaved舉止得體的；D.well-balanced平衡良好。根據(jù)前文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鵝舉止得體。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：昨天，我看到兩只加拿大鵝為了一叢美麗的新鮮草而激烈地爭(zhēng)吵。A.fiercely激烈的；B.blindly盲目的；C.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎的；D.gently溫和的。根據(jù)后文的“thetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，兩只加拿大鵝激烈地爭(zhēng)吵。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那塊草叢就在它們中間，兩只鵝大聲喊叫，盡可能地伸長(zhǎng)脖子，挑釁地看著對(duì)方。A.deserted被拋棄的；B.located位于；C.fixed固定的；D.laid松弛的，從容不迫的。根據(jù)后文的“rightinthemiddleofthem”可知，草叢位于它們中間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很少看到加拿大鵝“不禮貌”的一面。A.frequent經(jīng)常的；B.rare稀有的；C.common普通的；D.constant恒定的。根據(jù)前文的“Canadiangeesehaveagood2fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鵝舉止得體，加拿大鵝“不禮貌”的一面是稀有的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，我忍不住停下了早晨的散步，站著不動(dòng)，看著這些“紳士”們爭(zhēng)吵。A.restricting限制；B.changing改變；C.pausing暫停；D.speeding超速。根據(jù)前文的“It’stowitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.”可知，因?yàn)楹苌倏吹郊幽么簌Z“不禮貌”的一面，作者忍不住停下了早晨的散步。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有趣的是，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，一輛卡車呼嘯而過(guò)，擾亂了它們不和諧的談話。A.desperate絕望的；B.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；C.serious嚴(yán)重的；D.disharmonious不和諧的。根據(jù)前文的“Theclumpwasrightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，它們倆大聲喊叫著，盡量伸長(zhǎng)脖子，惡狠狠地瞪著對(duì)方，它們的談話不和諧。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：兩只鵝同樣被這個(gè)巨大的“怪物”嚇壞了，于是放棄了它們的談話。A.frightened害怕的；B.annoyed生氣；C.crashed碰撞；D.injured傷害。根據(jù)前文的“atruckroaredpasttheirfeast”以及后文的“bythemassive“monster””可知，在兩只鵝的眼中這輛卡車像個(gè)巨大的怪物，故它們很害怕。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我站著不動(dòng)，想著這個(gè)可笑的問(wèn)題，等待著。A.findingout發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.dealingwith處理；C.lookinginto調(diào)查；D.wonderingabout想知道。根據(jù)前文的“Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?”可知，作者正在想它們會(huì)不會(huì)再吵架這個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出乎我意料的是，卡車剛過(guò)，兩只鵝就失去了爭(zhēng)吵的激情，好像他們已經(jīng)忘記了發(fā)生的一切。A.passion激情；B.reason原因；C.talent天賦；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)后文的“Eventhetwoturnedaroundandlefttheinoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.”可知，兩只鵝不再吵架，失去了爭(zhēng)吵的激情。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就連兩只鵝也轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，若無(wú)其事地離開(kāi)了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。A.scene場(chǎng)景；B.destination目的地；C.landscape景觀；D.park公園。根據(jù)后文的“Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe.”可知，它們只留下我一個(gè)人在那里，兩只鵝離開(kāi)了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們只留下我一個(gè)人在那里，想象著沒(méi)有卡車會(huì)發(fā)生什么。A.looker-on旁觀者；B.passer-by路人；C.truck卡車；D.clump叢，簇，束。根據(jù)前文的“Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir12forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，卡車擾亂了它們的談話，故作者想象著沒(méi)有卡車會(huì)發(fā)生什么。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候健忘也沒(méi)那么糟。A.upset心煩意亂的；B.forgetful健忘的；C.mean吝嗇的；D.greedy貪婪的。根據(jù)前文的“asiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，兩只鵝忘記了先前的爭(zhēng)吵，故有時(shí)候健忘也沒(méi)那么糟。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Despitestrictlawsandheavyfines