2024年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題試卷一已經(jīng)調(diào)整精準(zhǔn)

12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題試卷壹(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(請于正式開考後半小時內(nèi)完畢該部分，之後將進(jìn)行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.WhydidJohnGordonmoveoutofAbergeldieCastle?A）Itwasdangeroustolivein.B）Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C）Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.D）Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.2.WhathappenedinScotlandlastWednesday?A）Astrike.B）Astorm.C）Aforestfire.D）Aterroristattack.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.Whatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutthesaltminers?A）Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B）Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C）Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D）Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.4.Whatdidtherescueteamdo?A）Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.B）Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C）Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D）Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.WhatistheU.S.PostalServiceplanningtodo?A）Raisepostagerates.B）Improveitsservices.C）Redesigndeliveryroutes.D）Closesomeofitspostoffices.6.Whatmeasurehasbeenplannedtosavecosts?A）Shorteningbusinesshours.B）Closingofficesonholidays.C）StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D）Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.7.Whatwillhappenwhentheproposedmeasurecomeintoeffect?A）Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B）Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C）Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D）Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.Whatwillhappentothepressoperatorwhowaslatefortheworkaccordingtothewoman?A）Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B）Hewillgothroughretraining.C）Hewillbegivenawarning.D）Hewilllosepartofhispay.9.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJohnwhostandsbythetimeclock?A）Heisalwaysontime.B）Heisatrustworthyguy.C）Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D）Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.10.Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanseetheworkerwhowaslate?A）Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B）Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C）Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D）Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJackGreen?A）Heisskilledandexperienced.B）Heisveryclosetothemanager.C）Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.D）Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.WhatdoforeignersgenerallythinkofBritishpeopleaccordingtothewoman?A）Open.B）Friendly.C）Selfish.D）Reserved.13.WhatmayBritishpeopletypicallydoonthetrainaccordingtotheman?A）Theystayquiet.B）Theyreadabook.C）Theytalkabouttheweather.D）Theychatwithfellowpassengers.14.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheItalianwomanworkinginManchester?A）Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B）ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.C）Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.D）Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.15.WhydoBritishpeoplepreferhousestoflats?A）Housesaremuchmorequiet.B）Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C）Theywanttohavemorespace.D）Theywantagardenoftheirown.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcollegestudentsapplyingforon-campusjobs?A）Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B）Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.C）Theydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.D）Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17.Whatcanstudentsdotofindacampusjobaccordingtothespeaker?A）Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B）Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C）Visittheschoolcareersservice.D）Gothroughcampusnewspapers.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayisalibrarymonitor’sresponsibility?A）Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B）Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C）Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D）Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.WhyhaveteafarmersinKenyadecidedtogrowpurpletea?A）Ittastesbetter.B）Itiseasiertogrow.C）Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.D）Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.20.Whatdoresearcherssayaboutpurpletea?A）Itishealthierthangreentea.B）Itcangrowindriersoil.C）Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D）Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.21.WhatdoesMr.Kibarafindaboutpurpletea?A）Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B）Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C）Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.D）Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttoday’sconsumers?A）Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.B）Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C）Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D）Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutagoodcraftsmaninthepast?A）Theywereproudoftheircreations.B）Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C）Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D）Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24.Whatdocraftsmenhelpconsumersdo?A）Makewisechoices.B）Identifyfakecrafts.C）Designhandicraftsthemselves.D）Learntheimportanceofcreation.25.Whydostateartcouncilshelpsponsorlocalartsandcraftsfestivals?A）Toboostthelocaleconomy.B）Toattractforeigninvestments.C）Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D）Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow(26)_______heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(27)_______tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(28)_______.Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(29)_______.Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(30)_______ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(31)_______ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,(32)_______withcomputersimulations(計(jì)算機(jī)模擬),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel(33)_______.About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(34)_______ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey're(35)_______whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A.absorbB.combinedC.contributeD.depthE.emissionsF.excursionG.exploreH.floorI.heightsJ.indifferentK.levelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyageSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination.Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’llfindplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems．Themostlikelytypeofburglary(人室盜竊)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity,usuallyinvolvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry.AccordingtotheFBI,crimesliketheseaccountedforroughlytwothirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin．Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal,unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen.TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics．C)Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome-securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether.Withwiredsetups,thefearisthataburglar(人室盜賊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable.Withawirelesssetup,youstickbattery-poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows,doors,motion,andmore.Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed,they’lltransmitawirelessalertsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm.Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord-cuttingconcerns—butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent,jamming?Withthefightdevicetunedtotherightfrequency,what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?D)Jammingconcernsarenothingnew,andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems.Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency.Forcomparison,let’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople—allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear．E)Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—thatmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling.Theywill,however,needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfor.Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse,that’dpointthemintherightdirection,thoughatthatpoint,we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted,semi-sophisticatedattack,andnotthesortofforced-entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers．F)Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks.SimpliSafe,winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction,utilizesaspecialsystemthat’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed,it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報).Fromthere,it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually．G)SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment.AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab,wetestedtheattackoutforourselves,andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment.However,wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemworks.Itcaughtusintheact,sentanalerttomysmartphone,andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog.Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem,orwhetherornotitdetectedthem．H)Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware.Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks,thenfigureoutawayaroundit.Eveniftheycould,SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving,andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem,whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit.Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming.TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite,citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanydocumentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s．I)Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible.Assaidbefore,withtherightequipmentandtherightknow—how,it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission.Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?J)Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti-jammingsystem.First,athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome,specifically.Then,he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup.Presumably,youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway,sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin.Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow,orbreakingawindow,he’llneedtobejammingyouatthispoint,asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm.So,too,wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome,sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal.However,he’llneedtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto．K)Attheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany-sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome,onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexteriorlightingatnight.Nosystemisimpenetrable,andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely.Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit.Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst-casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。36．Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill．37．Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation．38．Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm,bothinsideandoutsidethehouse．39．SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．40．Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans．41．ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging．42．Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected．43．Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewireless securitysystem．44．SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone．45．Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,”economistAdamSmithoncewrote,“arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation.”Twoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches—includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes—willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B)Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C)Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D)Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A)Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B)Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C)Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D)Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A)Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B)Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C)ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D)Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A)Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B)Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C)Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D)Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?A)Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B)Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C)Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D)Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16—lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord,"Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食癥)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodel