2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版

PAGEPAGE11專題六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破高考感悟Ⅰ.單句填空1.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

2.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

3.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

4.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

5.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.

6.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

7.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

8.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.

9.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanoftheYear”for(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.

10.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansto(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

11.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

12.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.

13.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.

Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.

2.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.

3.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.

4.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.

5.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.

6.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.

考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式類別基本形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式不定式todo;tobedonetobedoingtohavedone;tohavebeendone動(dòng)詞-ing形式doing;beingdone—havingdone;havingbeendone過(guò)去分詞done考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法作主語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表詳細(xì)的或一次性的動(dòng)作,特殊是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作1.動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)2.少數(shù)介詞,如but,except后可跟不定式3.不少形容詞后可接不定式1.表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作2.修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no/all/any/only等限定的詞3.用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞1.表示目的2.表示結(jié)果:onlytodo;enoughtodo;so/such...astodo;too...todo3.表示緣由或條件表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或抽象性的動(dòng)作,或表示主語(yǔ)的特征:①itisnouse/nogood/fun/nicedoing...②thereisnodoing...1.動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式)2.介詞的賓語(yǔ)3.形容詞后跟賓語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的和主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作(havingdone/havingbeendone不作定語(yǔ))表示時(shí)間、緣由、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨狀況等;一般式表示與主句同時(shí)進(jìn)行;完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前表示正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),或表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)只表示已經(jīng)完成)與主句主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系考點(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)狀況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto續(xù)表狀況常用動(dòng)詞begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指詳細(xì)的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)詞-ing形式多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)need,want,require,deserve(接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)goontodo(接著做另外一件事)goondoing(接著做同一件事)trytodo(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力做)trydoing(試著去做)meantodo(準(zhǔn)備做,企圖做)meandoing(意思是,意味著)考點(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)形式類別例句不定式目的、緣由、條件、結(jié)果Myparentswillbedelightedtoseeyou.(條件)Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.(目的)We’reproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.(緣由)動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)間、緣由、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況Beingateacher,youshouldhelpyourstudentsineveryway.(緣由)Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.(結(jié)果)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(條件)Workingsohard,hefailedagain.(讓步)Theyeatusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.(方式)Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.(伴隨)過(guò)去分詞時(shí)間、緣由、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.(緣由)Whenaskedherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.(時(shí)間)Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.(條件)Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.(讓步)Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.(方式)Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.(結(jié)果)留意以下是獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ),其形式不受前后文的影響。如:considering...(鑒于/考慮到……);generallyspeaking(一般來(lái)說(shuō));judgingby/from...(從……來(lái)看,依據(jù)……來(lái)推斷);supposingthat...(假如……);providingthat...(假如……);owingto...(由于……);speakingof...(談及……);given...(考慮到……);providedthat...(假如……);totellthetruth(實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō));tobehonest(醇厚說(shuō))等?？键c(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系剛好間概念例句wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon(接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成Wedependonyoutohelpusoutoftrouble.Imadehimdohiswork.→Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyoffthetree.→Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyoffthetree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)和let,make,have等使役動(dòng)詞后面,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省略to。這樣的動(dòng)詞可歸納為:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三讓:let,make,have;二聽:hear,listento;一感覺(jué):feel。留意:當(dāng)以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中時(shí),to要還原續(xù)表形式常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系剛好間概念例句動(dòng)詞-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成IfoundherlisteningtotheradiowhenIpassedby.過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(表被動(dòng))。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.留意find,leave(使……處于某種狀態(tài)),keep(使……保持某種狀態(tài))后一般跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),而不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。Whatyousaidleftmethinking.你所說(shuō)的令我思索?？键c(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)可表示該動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;被修飾的詞為ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名詞時(shí),一般用不定式作定語(yǔ);不定式常用于不定代詞或被thefirst/next/only/last等修飾的名詞后作定語(yǔ);假如作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Theairporttobecompletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年要竣工的飛機(jī)場(chǎng)將有助于促進(jìn)這個(gè)地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Hehasachanceandhasbecomethefirsttogoabroadinourtown.他擁有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)而且已經(jīng)成為我們鎮(zhèn)上第一個(gè)出國(guó)的人。Hewantedtofindahousetolivein.他想找個(gè)房子住。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;當(dāng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)用beingdone的形式;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)要用havingbeendone的形式,havingbeendone不作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,否則就用定語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的用途時(shí),與被修飾詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.與以前相比,現(xiàn)在天空中有更多的飛機(jī)來(lái)運(yùn)輸更多的乘客。Thehousesbeingbuiltareforthestudents.正在蓋的這些房子是給學(xué)生的。Asleepingpillwillhelpyoutofallasleepquickly.安眠藥會(huì)幫助你很快入睡。3.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作已完成。及物過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)和完成,少數(shù)不及物過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)只表示完成,不表被動(dòng)。Theretiredworkerissweepingthefallenleavesontheroad.這位退休工人正在掃路上的落葉?？键c(diǎn)七獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)名詞(代詞)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.(表緣由)名詞(代詞)+過(guò)去分詞Helayonhisbackinbed,hishandscrossedunderhishead.(表伴隨)Enoughtimegiven,shewillsurelydothejobbetter.(表?xiàng)l件)名詞(代詞)+不定式Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.(表伴隨)Heproposedapicnic,hehimselftopayfortherailwayticketsandJohntoprovidethefood.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+形容詞短語(yǔ)Herfacepalewithanger,sherosetogoaway.(表緣由)Isawadeeppond,thewaterbluelikethesky.(表結(jié)果)名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)Then,lastnight,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin,swordinhand.(表方式)Childinarms,afewwomenstoodtherechatting.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+副詞短語(yǔ)Summerover,thestudentsreturnedtoschool.(表緣由)名詞(代詞)+名詞短語(yǔ)Hisfirstshotafailure,Tomfiredagain.(表緣由)考點(diǎn)八with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞Thechildrenwerelisteningtotheteacherwiththeireyeswideopen.(表伴隨)with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)Theoldmanusedtotakeawalkwithastickinhishand.(表方式)with+賓語(yǔ)+副詞Theproudgirlwalkedawaywithherheadup.(表方式)with+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式Maryfeltveryshywithsomanyeyeslookingather.(表緣由)with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞Ifyousitlookingawayfromaperson,orwithyourbackturned,youaresayingyouarenotinterestedinthatperson.(表方式)with+賓語(yǔ)+不定式Withtoomuchworktodothenextday,hefeltanxiousanddidn’tsleepwell.(表緣由)考點(diǎn)九不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義be+表示特征、性質(zhì)的形容詞+不定式不定式中動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)式,且是及物動(dòng)詞或是“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的形式常用形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong續(xù)表疑問(wèn)詞+不定式Idon’tknowwhattodo.be+不定式blame/seek/letHeistoblamefortheaccident.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise(go)on.

3.Tomsoundsverymuch(interest)inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.

4.Hehurriedtothestationonly(find)thatthetrainhadleft.

5.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell(spend).

6.(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.

7.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.

8.Tonylentmethemoney,(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.

9.When(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditinterestingandrewarding.

10.Doyouwakeupeverymorning(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?

Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.

2.SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askedmetolethertocopymyanswers.

3.Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.

4.I’dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.

5.MyparentslovemeofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.

6.Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.

7.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

8.Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.

9.It’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.

10.Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.

Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Parentsareexamplesofchildrenandchildrenaretheappleofparents.Inafamilythatattachesimportancetoeducation,parentsaretheirkids’guidingstars.Preventionisbetterthancure.Parentsmustlearn1.(lead)byexample,butleadingbyexampledoesn’tcallforperfectionbyanymeans.Thereisnogood2.(use)toomanywords.Thelessonsthatyouteachyourchildrenby3.(do)thingstherightwayintheirpresencearefarmorelonglasting.

Itisokay4.(be)wrongasthisishowwelearn.Soparentsshouldencouragechildren5.(admit)andcorrectwhentheyhappentomakemistakes.Childrenmustlearntobehavethemselves:theyapologizeandaregratefulfor6.(accept)others’help,becausethereisnosuchthingasbeingtoopolite.Youcanneversay“please”,“thankyou”or“excuseme”toooften;theyrefusetoliebutavoid7.(fool);theyhavetomanage8.(solve)theirownproblems;iftheymakeapromise,theywillinsistonnotbreakingit;they