高中英語 Unit 22 Environmental Protection Period One Warm­up and Lesson 1課時(shí)精練 北師大版選修8

Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionPeriodOneWarm-upandLesson1課時(shí)精練（北師大版選修8，課標(biāo)通用）時(shí)間：45分鐘Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空1．Because________thegreenhouseeffect,theEarthiswarmedbygasestrapped________theatmosphere.2．Globalwarmingisanincrease________timeoftheaveragetemperature________theEarth.3．Globalwarmingrefers________anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leads________climatechange.4．Theamountofcarbondioxide________theatmospherehasrisen________morethan30%inthelast250years________halfofthisincreaseoccurringsince1960.5．Manyexpertsinsistthattheblame________thisglobalwarmingcanmostlybepinned________humanactivities.6．Ifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergases________suchhugequantities,wearecondemninglife________Earth.7．Seriousdiseaseswillspreadandindustriesthatrely________naturesuch________fishingwillbebadlyaffected.8．Iflesscarbondioxidegoes________theatmosphere，globalwarmingwillslow________.9．Evensimplethingslikeusingrecycledpaperorswitching________thelightswhenyouleavearoomcanhelp.10．Ifweadd________allthesesmallchangesmade______everyoneworldwide，theywon'tbesuchsmallchanges.答案1.of；in2.over；of3.to；to4.in；by；with5．for；on6.in；on7.on；o；down9.off10．up；byⅡ.單詞拼寫1．Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygases________(困在)intheatmosphere.2．Overfishingisharmfultothe________(生態(tài))ofthesea.3．Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnature________(保護(hù)區(qū))．4．Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereached________(一致的意見)thathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate.5．Howisglobalwarming________(與……相聯(lián)系)toourlives?6．Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldb________backintospace.7．IfyoucontinutetoproduceCO2andothergases，youarec________lifeonEarth.8．Manypeoplebelievethattheyaresimplynotpreparedtos________theamountofmoneytheymakefromindustrytosavetheEarth.9．Theysuggestmakingsmallchangesliketakingpublictransportandr________.10．Afterall，there'snos________forourEarth.答案1.trapped2.ecology3.reserves4.consensus5.relevant6.bounce7.condemning8.sacrifice9.recycling10.substituteⅢ.佳句翻譯與仿寫1．Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate—somethingpreviouslyseenasbeyondourcontrol.翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿寫：在過去的四年里，湯姆游遍了中國的大部分城市。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Lookingahead，scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury.翻譯：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿寫：受到老師的鼓勵后，李華展望未來，充滿了信心。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿寫：如果地球上沒有水，植物就會死亡。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Asaresultofincreasedindustry，agriculture，thecuttingdownofforests，theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels，nearly6tonnesofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphereeveryyearforeveryoneoftheEarth's6billionpeople.翻譯：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿寫：她由于交通阻塞而遲到了。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．Thisisnoeasytask，however，andsomegovernments,forexample，theUSA'sfederalgovernment，expressreservationsaboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿寫：這種病是否會傳染還存有疑問。Thereissomedoubtasto_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.答案1.在過去的幾十年里，科學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為，人類正在造成地球氣候的變化——這是一種原來被認(rèn)為是超出我們控制能力的現(xiàn)象。Inthelastfouryears，TomhastraveledtomostofthecitiesinChina.2．展望未來，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為全球變暖可能是二十一世紀(jì)所面臨的最嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題之一。Lookingahead，LiHuaisfullofconfidenceafterhisteacherencouragedhim.3．如果沒有這些自然生成的氣體，太陽光線就會反射回太空中，使得地球處于寒冷之中，不適合生物生存。Plantswoulddiewithoutwaterontheearth.4．由于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)(的規(guī)模)不斷擴(kuò)大，成片成片的森林被砍伐，交通運(yùn)輸日益頻繁，燃料消耗不斷增長，對于地球上60億人口中的每個(gè)人來說，每年有大約6公噸的二氧化碳被釋放到大氣中。Shewaslateasaresultofthetrafficjam.5．這不是一項(xiàng)簡單的工作，然而一些政府，例如美國的聯(lián)邦政府，對于全球變暖是否真正由人類活動引起仍持保留意見。whethertheillnessisinfectiousⅣ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Revisereportedspeechandpractisevocabulary________globalwarming,naturaldisastersand________animals.A．relatingto;endangeringB．relatedto;endangeringC．relatingto;endangeredD．relatedto;endangered解析句意：復(fù)習(xí)間接引語并練習(xí)與全球變暖、自然災(zāi)害及瀕危動物有關(guān)的單詞。第一空relatingto“與……有關(guān)”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾vocabulary；第二空endangered“瀕危的”，修飾animals。因animals與endanger構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作定語。所以應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。答案C2．________thegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygases________intheatmosphere.A．Because;trapping B．Because;trappedC．Becauseof；trapping D．Becauseof；trapped解析because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；becauseof＋名詞或名詞短語。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析，第一空應(yīng)用becauseof，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；第二空gases與trap之間屬被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞trapped修飾gases，所以應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案D3．Overfishingisharmful________theecologyofthesea.A．forB．onC．toD．with解析句意：捕撈過度對海洋生態(tài)是有害的。beharmfultosth對……有害。答案C4．Sohigh________inseveralplacesthatmanyhomesareatriskfromflooding.A．thewaterlevelhasrisenB．hasthewaterlevelrisenC．thewaterlevelisrisenD．isthewaterlevelrisen解析句意：一些地方的水平面已經(jīng)上升得如此高以致于許多住宅有被洪水淹沒的危險(xiǎn)。so＋adj./adv.置于句首，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。rise屬不及物動詞，不能用被動形式，故應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。答案B5．Butwhatexactlyisglobalwarmingandhowisitrelevant________ourlives?A．withB．toC．onD．of解析考查固定短語。berelevantto...與……有關(guān)。答案C6．GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat，________，leadstoclimatechange.A．inturn B.inreturnC．inshort D．incase解析句意：全球變暖指的是地球溫度平均增長，繼而導(dǎo)致氣候變化。inturn轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來；inreturn作為回報(bào)；inshort簡言之；incase以防萬一。由句意知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。答案A7．Overthelast100years,theglobalaveragetemperature________by1．A．increases B．increasedC．willincrease D．hasincreased解析in/overthelast...用作時(shí)間狀語，句子往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案D8．Recentreportswarnedthatglobalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechanges________morefrequentflooding,heatwavesanddroughts.A．include B．includesC．including D．included解析句意：最近的報(bào)告警告說全球變暖會引起可怕的氣候變化，包括更加頻繁的洪水、熱浪與干旱。includingprep.意為“包括”，常位于所修飾的名詞、代詞前面。而includedadj.意為“包括在內(nèi)的”，常位于所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。所以應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。答案C9．Howcanthesedisastersbe________happening?A．stopped B．keptC．prevented D．stoppedfrom解析考查固定用法。stop/keep/preventsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物干某事，其中from與stop或prevent連用時(shí)可以省略，但在被動語態(tài)中from一般不能省略。所以應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案D10．________，givereasonsforyouranswers.A．Ifitnecessary B.IfisnecessaryC．Ifnecessary D．Ifyouarenecessary解析句意：如果有必要的話，給出你的答案的理由。ifnecessary＝ifitisnecessary。答案C11．Thesecretaryshouldhaveallthe________documentsreadybeforethemeetingbegins.A．concerning B.respectingC．relevant D．regarding解析relevant在此意為“相關(guān)的”。答案C12．—MayItakethistable，please?—Sorry,ithasbeen________bysomeoneelse.A．preserved B．reservedC．conserved D．deserved解析句意：——我可以用這張桌子嗎？——對不起，這張桌子已被別人預(yù)訂了。preserve保存；reserve預(yù)訂；conserve保護(hù)；deserve值得。答案B13．Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A．find B．tofindC．onfinding D．infinding解析insist后常接從句或ondoing結(jié)構(gòu)，不接不定式或indoing結(jié)構(gòu)。答案C14．Itwasfoolishofhimto________hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.A．stickto B．refertoC．keepto D．pointto解析句意：在那次重要的考試中他查看筆記真是太蠢了，結(jié)果他受到了懲罰。stickto堅(jiān)持；referto查閱；keepto堅(jiān)持；pointto指向。答案B15．Therevolutionariessacrificedthemselves________ourcountryduringthepastyears.A．forB．toC．ofD．in解析句意：在過去的日子里，許多革命者為了我們的國家而作出犧牲。sacrifice...forsb/sth為某人/某事而犧牲，是習(xí)慣搭配，故選A項(xiàng)。答案AⅤ.語篇填詞Canwetaketheheat?Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate，whichwasconsidered__1__ourcontrol.Theyclaimthatinthelast50years,gasespumpedintotheEarth'satmospherehavebeen__2__theprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Globalwarming，whichisseenasoneofthebiggest__3__problemsfacing21stcentury，isadangertoourlives.Globalwarming__4__anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat，__5__，leadstoclimatechange.ThetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegases，withoutwhichtheEarthcanbecoldandimpossibletoliveon.However，whenthepresenceofthesegasesintheatmosphereincreases,theEarth'stemperature__6__.Overthelast100years,asaresultofhumanactivitiesincludingindustry,agriculture,thecuttingdownofforests，theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels,theglobalaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby__7__.Ifitcontinuestorise，wehumanbeingswillsuffersevereconsequencessuchasflooding,heatwaves，droughts,seriousdiseases.Howcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening?__8__allovertheworldhavearesponsibilitytoreducegreenhousegases.Somegovernmentsexpress__9__aboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.Eveneveryaveragepersoncanplaytheirpart.Theycanmakesmallchanges，whichcanbeaddedupto__10__ourfuture.Afterall,there'snosubstituteforourEarth.答案1.beyond2.speedingup3.environmental4.refersto5.inturn6.rises7.18.Governments9．reservations10.saveⅥ.完形填空Whenthepopulationoftheporttownbegantosufferfrompoisoning,thepolicecametofindoutthecause.They__1__someonewaspoisoningthepeopleonpurposebutnooneknewhowitwas__2__.Thenpeopletookthe__3__thattheporkwaspoisoned，foritwasa__4__foodeveryoneateandcouldhavepossiblymadeeveryonesick.Anyonewhohadpossessionofthe__5__threwitoutandnooneinthetown__6__eatthepork.Posterswerepostedonpolesandlettersweresenttoeveryoneto__7__peopleofthepork.However，shortlyafterwards，__8__policemeninhighpositionswerealsogettingsick.Soonitbecamepolitical.Inordertogetmoresupport，politicians__9__tothetownandpromisedthattheywouldfindoutthecauseand__10__iftheywereelected.However,everyonewasso__11__thattheydidn'tcareaboutpolitics.Everyonewasinasituation__12__heorshedidn'tknowwhattodoanymore.Theywenttothe__13__tomailpostersoutaskingforhelp.Oneday，awell-knownscientistfromNewYorkcametothetownwithahugebox__14__manyinstruments.Hewenttosomepoolsofthetowntomakemeasurements.Andsomedayslater，hemadea__15__atanewspapermeetingroomtoannouncehisfindings.“Iamsorrytosaythe__16__youdrinkissoheavilypolluted.Iknowwhohasbeen__17__youallforsuchalongtime.Itisyouwhohavebeenpoisoningyourselveswith__18__.Agreatdealofrubbishhasbeen__19__thewaterdayafterday.Nooneherehastakengoodcareoftheenvironment.Itisno__20__allofyouhavebeensick.”Shockedatthenews，thepeoplepresentwerelostinthought.1．A.thoughtB．knewC．realizedD．directed解析這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的人們開始中毒，所以人們“認(rèn)為”是有人在故意投毒。答案A2．A.falseB．necessaryC．fitD．possible解析possible表示可能性。答案D3．A.chargeB．chanceC．positionD．a(chǎn)id解析position在此意思是“看法；觀點(diǎn)”。句意：有些人認(rèn)為是豬肉被人投毒了。答案C4．A.saltyB．popularC．preciousD．smelly解析從修飾語everyoneate判斷，“這是一種受歡迎的食物”。答案B5．A.meatB．fishC．porkD．chicken解析從前文的“...theporkwaspoisoned”以及后文的“threwito