高考英語語法填空之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類講解

語法填空第三講：有提示詞之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是語法填空的必考點(diǎn)。這一考點(diǎn)涉及到:(1)句子成分劃分或句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析；(2)各種詞性的語法功能；(3)構(gòu)詞法特別是派生法

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，是綜合性較強(qiáng)的一道題。我們將其主要考點(diǎn)和必備基礎(chǔ)歸納如下：考點(diǎn)1：形容詞——副詞

形容詞后+ly可變成與原來意義相同的副詞。直接加-lyslow慢的slowly緩慢地改y為-ilyhappy高興的happily高興地去e加-lytrue真的truly真的考點(diǎn)解密后綴例詞后綴例詞-alindustrialnational-anEuropeanAmerican-erneasternnorthern-ablereasonablebelievable-fulcarefulmouthful-ishchildishselfish-iveactivecreative-ydirtythirstywindy-engoldenwooden-aryimaginaryrevolutionary-icrealistichistoric-sometroublesomelonesome-likechildlikewomanlike-ly friendlylovely-lesscarelessharmless考點(diǎn)2：名詞——形容詞

(1)名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見的后綴有：(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：后綴例詞-nesshappiness幸福illness疾病-ydifficulty困難possibility可能性-ismsocialism社會(huì)主義考點(diǎn)3：形容詞——?jiǎng)釉~

(1)形容詞可變成動(dòng)詞。如：en-enrich豐富enable使能夠-enwiden加寬sharpen削尖shorten縮短soften軟化-izeAmericanize美國化civilize使開化modernize現(xiàn)代化nationalize國有化-ysimplify簡化某些名詞后加-y可變成動(dòng)詞，表示“使……化”。如：beautify美化(2)動(dòng)詞變成形容詞。如：-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的various各種各樣的-able/ibledrinkable可飲用的accessible可進(jìn)入的-ing/edinteresting令人感興趣的excited興奮的

考點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)詞—名詞后綴例詞-anceacceptance接受appearance出現(xiàn)-encereference參考existence存在-alrefusal拒絕arrival到達(dá)-tiondictation聽寫preparation準(zhǔn)備-mentargument爭論judgment判斷考點(diǎn)5：名詞——名詞(人)后綴例詞-erteacher教師reader讀者officer官員farmer農(nóng)夫villager村民Londoner倫敦人-orconductor售票員visitor游客-arbeggar乞丐-essactress女演員hostess女主人-eseChinese中國人Japanese日本人-ianmusician音樂家physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-istscientist科學(xué)家socialist社會(huì)主義者考點(diǎn)6：不變詞性的前綴和后綴前綴含義例詞dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意dishonest不誠實(shí)un-不unable不能夠unlucky不幸的un-相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服unload卸貨in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的impolite不有禮貌的impossible不可能的irregular不規(guī)則的irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的illogical不合邏輯的illegal非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的non-stop直達(dá)的mis-錯(cuò)誤的，壞的misunderstand誤解misfortune厄運(yùn),不幸前綴含義例詞re重復(fù)，再rewrite重寫remarry再婚super-在上面，超級(jí)supermarket超市supermodel超級(jí)名模under-在……之下underestimate低估underground地下的inter-相互，之間international國際的interact相互作用semi-半semifinal（半決賽）semicircle半圓multi-多，多種multi-national多國的multi-coloured多種顏色的kilo-千kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克,公斤tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone電話television電視a-在……上/里aboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)上ahead在前面注：前綴一般只改變詞義而不改變詞性：

但en-也改變詞性，如：large大的--enlarge擴(kuò)大，danger危險(xiǎn)--endanger危及；

后綴一般改變詞性不改變詞義，但-ship也不改變詞性，如：leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)--leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層；friend朋友--friendship友誼。要正確解答高考語法填空中的詞語派生題，必須弄清要填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分，作該種成分需要哪種詞類的詞；然后再根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞變成所需要的詞類。下表歸納了各種句子成分的概念、所處的語境和充當(dāng)該句子成分的典型詞類，這些是做好詞語派生題的必備基礎(chǔ)，建議同學(xué)們理解并熟記：解題技巧概念描述所處語境充當(dāng)?shù)脑~類主語講的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some,any,other等后名詞、代詞；動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句賓語動(dòng)作的行為對象及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some,any,other等后謂語表示主語干什么或是什么主語之后動(dòng)詞表語說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞之后主要是形容詞；某些名詞；個(gè)別副詞補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語在賓語之后；或在被動(dòng)式謂語之后定語修飾和限定名詞或代詞名詞之前，something等代詞之后形容詞狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子動(dòng)詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；句首副詞根據(jù)該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：技巧1：作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式。Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.解析：因在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。

Ina________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。

考點(diǎn)分析Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語mostoftheirstudents的補(bǔ)足語，用形容詞；表示”感興趣的”，填interested。考點(diǎn)分析1.Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely___________(person)viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.2.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect,my___________(immediately)reactionwillbetotellthepolice.personal

immediate

鞏固練習(xí)技巧2：作主語、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式；在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在”冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。要注意名詞是否用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：考點(diǎn)分析1.Alwaysreadthe______________(instruct)onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.2.Onthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopular_________(choose)foraweddinginsomecountries.3.Wetake_________(proud)intheprosperityofourcountry.instructions

choice

pride

鞏固練習(xí)4.…theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir_______(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.5.…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith________(inform)inthereading…similarities

information

鞏固練習(xí)技巧3：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：1．Volunteeringisbecoming_________(increase)popularinChina.2．Iwasn’tblaminganyone;I______(mere)saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.increasingly

merely

考點(diǎn)分析3.Theislandis______(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.4.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill________(final)taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?equally

finally

鞏固練習(xí)技巧4：括號(hào)中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-,im-等，在詞根后加-less等。如：考點(diǎn)分析1.Withthetimegoingby,hewasincreasingconcernedthathisaimwas_____(hope)toachieve.2._____________(fortunate),whenhehurriedtothestation,hefoundthetrainhadleftfiveminutes.hopeless

Unfortunately鞏固練習(xí)技巧5：括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級(jí)。如：考點(diǎn)分析1…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist_________(attract)…2Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven______(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.3.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen______________(popular).more

popularattractions

harder

鞏固練習(xí)4.Stormswhichproducedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexico’sborderwithTexasonFriday,destroyinghomesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The________(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.worst

鞏固練習(xí)綜合練習(xí)：根據(jù)以上技巧完成下面的語法填空綜合練習(xí)語篇填空：閱讀下列短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，用括號(hào)中所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。(A)Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis[1]____________(month)billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou’re55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!”Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,don’tdoitnow;I’mtoobusy!”monthly綜合練習(xí)Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell[2]________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.[3]_____________(apology)thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut[4]________(quiet)walkedaway,[5]________________(disappoint)writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Andrew!”Buttheboydidn’trespond.[6]_______________(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote...silentApologicallyquietlydisappointmentUnfortunately“IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy[7]____________(thought)words,andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”…Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe[8]________(warm)acceptedoritwillbetakenas[9]__________(reject)andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore[10]__________(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.Because...theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy...thoughtlesswarmlyrejectionimportant粗心的相互的(B)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalisoverfiftyyearsoldandhasearneditsreputationasoneoftheworld’sgreatest[1]________________(celebrate)ofthearts.The[2]____________(found)oftheFestivalbelievedthattheFestivalprogrammesshouldbeofthehighestpossibleartisticstandardpresentedbythebest[3]________(art)intheworld,thattheFestivalshouldenliven(使活躍)and[4]________(rich)theculturallifeofEurope,BritainandScotlandandthatitshouldprovideaperiodoffloweringofthehumanspirit.celebrationsfoundersartistsenrich綜合練習(xí)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalhasdeveloped[5]_______________(significance)overtheyears,yetthefounders’[6]___________(origin)intentionsarecloselyreflectedinthecurrentaimsandobjectives.significantlyoriginalEachyearduringthesummermonthsEdinburghbecomestheworld’sFestivalCity.Itisthehugerangeandnumberofartisticevents,[7]_______________(perform)andexhibitionshappeningthroughoutthecitywhichmakesEdinburgh[8]________________(forget).Itmakesyoufeelthatthereisalwayssomethingelsehappeningaroundthecornerwhichyouare[9]__________(miss).Thisis[10]________(evitable可以避免的)partofthejoyoftheFestival.performancesunforgettablemissinginevitableThe______(die)ofcomposerWolfgangAmadeusMozartattheageof35mayhavebeencausedbycomplicationsstemmingfromstrepthroat,accordingtoaDutchstudypublishedonMonday.Sincethe___________(compose)deathin1791,therehavebeen______(vary)theoriesaboutthecauseofhis______(time)end,fromintentionalpoisoning,torheumaticfever,totrichinosis,aparasiticdiseasecausedbyeatingraworundercookedpork.death

composer’s

various