2024年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)歷年真題

篇一：6月大學(xué)(dàxué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)真題(三套全)6月大學(xué)(dàxué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題〔第一套〕PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionA1.A)Prepareforhisexams.B)Catchuponhiswork.C)Attendtheconcert.D)Goonavacation.2.A)Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.B)Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.C)TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.D)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.3.A)Anarticleabouttheelection.B)Atediousjobtobedone.C)Anelectioncampaign.D)Afascinatingtopic.4.A)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers'expectations.B)Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.C)ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChineserestaurant.D)Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantinthecity.5.A)Heisgoingtovisithismotherinthehospital.B)Heisgoingtotakeonanewjobnextweek.C)Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.D)Hebehavesinawaynobodyunderstands.6.A)Alargenumberofstudentsrefusedtovotelastnight.B)Atleasttwentystudentsareneededtovoteonanissue.C)Majorcampusissueshadtobediscussedatthemeeting.D)Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.7.A)Thewomancanhardlytellwhatshelikes.B)ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.C)ThespeakershavenothingtodobutwatchTV.D)ThemanseldomwatchedTVbeforeretirement.8.A)Thewomanshouldhaveretiredearlier.4B)Hewillhelpthewomansolvetheproblem.C)Hefindsithardtoagreewithwhatthewomansays.D)Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassesshewants.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Persuadethemantojoinhercompany.B)Employthemostup-to-datetechnology.C)Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.D)Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.10.A)Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterprises.B)Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.C)Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufactures.D)Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.11.A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.B)Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.C)Theymightlosetoforeignbikemanufacturers.D)Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.12.A)Reporttothemanagement.B)Attractforeigninvestments.C)Conductafeasibilitystudy.D)Consultfinancialexperts.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.B)Anythingthatcanbeusedtoproducepower.C)Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.D)Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.14.A)Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.B)Oilreservesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.C)Oilconsumptionhasgivenrisetomanyglobalproblems.D)Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby.15.A)Minimizetheuseoffossilfuels.B)Startdevelopingalternativefuels.C)Findtherealcauseforglobalwarming.D)Takestepstoreducethegreenhouseeffect.SectionBPassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B)Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.C)Yearsofpracticalexperience.D)Strictprofessionaltraining.17.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialities.B)Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.C)Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.18.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.C)Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D)Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Joininneighborhoodpatrols.B)Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.C)Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.D)Makesuggestionstothelocalauthorities.20.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.B)Increaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.C)Renovationofthevacantbuildings.D)Violationofcommunityregulations.21.A)Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.B)Theyneedassistanceformthecity.C)Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.D)Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.22.A)Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.B)Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.C)Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.D)Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Childhoodandfamilygrowth.B)Pressureanddisease.C)Familylifeandhealth.D)Stressanddepression.24.A)Itexperiencedaseriesofmisfortunes.B)Itwasintheprocessofreorganization.C)Hismotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.D)Hiswifelefthimbecauseofhisbadtemper.25.A)Theywouldgivehimatriplebypasssurgery.B)Theycouldremovetheblockinhisartery.C)Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.D)Theywouldtryhardtosavehislife.SectionCWhenmostpeoplethinkoftheword“education〞,theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing.Intothisemptycasting,theteachers(26)stuff“education.〞Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,isnot(27)thestuffingofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthe(28)ofwhatisinthemind.“Themostimportantpartofeducation,〞oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,the(29)Harvardphilosopher,“isthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsideofhim.〞And,asEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,“Iknow,learnfromme。〞Hesaid,rather,“Lookintoyourownselvesandfindthe(30)ofthetruththatGodhasputintoeveryheartandthatonlyyoucankindle(點(diǎn)燃(diǎnrán))toa(31).〞Inadialogue,Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayof(32),andprovestotheamazedobserversthattheboyreally“knows〞geometry一becausetheprinciplesofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.Somanyofthediscussionsand(33)aboutthecontentofeducationareuselessandinconclusivebecausethey(34)whatshould“gointo〞thestudentratherthanwithwhatshouldbetakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.Thecollegestudentwhooncesaidtome,afteralecture,“IspendsomuchtimestudyingthatIdon'thaveachancetolearnanything,〞wasclearlyexpressinghis(35)withthesausagecasingviewofeducation.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)ReadingcomprehensionSectionAInnovation,theelixir(靈丹妙藥(língdānmiàoyào))ofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirjobs.IntheIndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere___36___asidebythemechanicalloom.Overthepast30yearsthedigitalrevolutionhas___37___manyofthemid-skilljobsthatunderpinned20th-centurymiddle-classlife.Typists,ticketagents,banktellersandmanyproduction-linejobshavebeendispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.Forthosewhobelievethattechnologicalprogresshasmadetheworldabetterplace,suchdisruptionisanaturalpartofrising___38___.Althoughinnovationkillssomejobs,itcreatesnewandbetterones,asamore___39___societybecomesricheranditswealthierinhabitantsdemandmoregoodsandservices.AhundredyearsagooneinthreeAmericanworkerswas___40___onafarm.Todaylessthan2%ofthemproducefarmorefood.Themillionsfreedfromthelandwerenotrendered___41___,butfoundbetter-paidworkastheeconomygrewmoresophisticated.Todaythepoolofsecretarieshas___42___,butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersandwebdesigners.Optimismremainstherightstarting-point,butforworkersthedislocatingeffectsoftechnologymaymakethemselvesevidentfasterthanits___43___.Evenifnewjobsandwonderfulproductsemerge,intheshorttermincomegapswillwiden,causinghugesocialdislocationandperhapsevenchangingpolitics.Technology's___44___willfeellikeatornado(旋風(fēng)(xuànfēng)),hittingtherichworldfirst,but___45___sweepingthroughpoorercountriestoo.NoWhytheMonaLisaStandsOut[A]Haveyoueverfallenforanovelandbeenamazednottofinditonlistsofgreatbooks?Orwalkedaroundasculpturerenownedasaclassic,strugglingtoseewhatthefussisabout?Ifso,you?veprobablyponderedthequestionCuttingaskedhimselfthatday:howdoesaworkofartcometobeconsideredgreat?[B]Theintuitiveansweristhatsomeworksofartarejustgreat:ofintrinsicallysuperiorquality.Thepaintingsthatwinprimespotsingalleries,gettaughtinclassesandreproducedinbooksaretheonesthathaveprovedtheirartisticvalueovertime.Ifyoucan?tseethey?resuperior,that?syourproblem.It?sanintimidatinglyneatexplanation.Butsomesocialscientistshavebeenaskingawkwardquestionsofit,raisingthepossibilitythatartisticcanonsarelittlemorethanfossilisedhistoricalaccidents.[C]Cutting,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,wonderedifapsychologicalmechanismknownasthe“mere-exposureeffect〞playedaroleindecidingwhichpaintingsrisetothetopoftheculturalleague.Cuttingdesignedanexperimenttotesthishunch.Overalecturecourseheregularlyshowedundergraduatesworksofimpressionismfortwosecondsatatime.Someofthepaintingswerecanonical,includedinart-historybooks.Otherswerelesserknownbutofcomparablequality.Thesewereexposedfourtimesasoften.Afterwards,thestudentspreferredthemtothecanonicalworks,whileacontrolgroupofstudentslikedthecanonicalonesbest.Cutting?sstudentshadgrowntolikethosepaintingsmoresimplybecausetheyhadseenthemmore.[D]Cuttingbelieveshisexperimentoffersaclueastohowcanonsareformed.Hepointsoutthatthemostreproducedworksofimpressionismtodaytendtohavebeenboughtbyfiveorsixwealthyandinfluentialcollectorsinthelate19thcentury.Thepreferencesofthesemenbestowedprestigeoncertainworks,whichmadetheworksmorelikelytobehungingalleriesandprintedinanthologies.Thefamepasseddowntheyears,gainingmomentumfrommereexposureasitdidso.Themorepeoplewereexposedto,themoretheylikedit,andthemoretheylikedit,themoreitappearedinbooks,onpostersandinbigexhibitions.Meanwhile,academicsandcriticscreatedsophisticatedjustificationsforitspre-eminence.Afterall,it?snotjustthemasseswhotendtoratewhattheyseemoreoftenmorehighly.AscontemporaryartistslikeWarholandDamienHirsthavegrasped,criticalacclaimisdeeplyentwinedwithpublicity.“Scholars〞,Cuttingargues,“arenodifferentfromthepublicintheeffectsofmereexposure.〞[E]TheprocessdescribedbyCuttingevokesaprinciplethatthesociologistDuncanWattscalls“cumulativeadvantage〞:onceathingbecomespopular,itwilltendtobecomemorepopularstill.Afewyearsago,Watts,whoisemployedbyMicrosofttostudythedynamicsofsocialnetworks,hadasimilarexperiencetoCuttinginanotherParismuseum.Afterqueuingtoseethe“MonaLisa〞initsclimate-controlledbulletproofboxattheLouvre,hecameawaypuzzled:whywasitconsideredsosuperiortothethreeotherLeonardosinthepreviouschamber,towhichnobodyseemedtobepayingtheslightestattention?[F]WhenWattslookedintothehistoryof“thegreatestpaintingofalltime〞,hediscoveredthat,formostofitslife,the“MonaLisa〞r(shí)emainedinrelativeobscurity.Inthe1850s,LeonardodaVinciwasconsiderednomatchforgiantsofRenaissanceartlikeTitianandRaphael,whoseworkswereworthalmosttentimesasmuchasthe“MonaLisa〞.Itwasonlyinthe20thcenturythatLeonardo?sportraitofhispatron?swiferocketedtothenumber-onespot.Whatpropelledittherewasn?tascholarlyre-evaluation,butatheft.[G]In1911amaintenanceworkerattheLouvrewalkedoutofthemuseumwiththe“MonaLisa〞hiddenunderhissmock.Parisianswereaghastatthetheftofapaintingtowhich,untilthen,theyhadpaidlittleattention.Whenthemuseumreopened,peoplequeuedtoseethegapwherethe“MonaLisa〞hadoncehunginawaytheyhadneverdoneforthepaintingitself.Fromthenon,the“MonaLisa〞cametorepresentWesterncultureitself.[H]Althoughmanyhavetried,itdoesseemimprobablethatthepainting?suniquestatuscanbeattributedentirelytothequalityofitsbrushstrokes.Ithasbeensaidthatthesubject?seyesfollowthevieweraroundtheroom.Butasthepainting?sbiographer,DonaldSassoon,drylynotes,“Inrealitytheeffectcanbeobtainedfromanyportrait.〞DuncanWattsproposesthatthe“MonaLisa〞ismerelyanextremeexampleofageneralrule.Paintings,poemsandpopsongsarebuoyedorsunkbyrandomeventsorpreferencesthatturnintowavesofinfluence,ripplingdownthegenerations.[I]“Sayingthatculturalobjectshavevalue,〞BrianEnooncewrote,“islikesayingthattelephoneshaveconversations.〞Nearlyalltheculturalobjectsweconsumearrivewrappedininheritedopinion;ourpreferencesarealways,tosomeextent,someoneelse?s.Visitorstothe“MonaLisa〞knowtheyareabouttovisitthegreatestworkofarteverandcomeawayappropriatelyimpressed—orletdown.Anaudienceataperformanceof“Hamlet〞knowitisregardedasaworkofgenius,sothatiswhattheymostlysee.Wattsevencallsthepre-eminenceofShakespearea“historicalaccident〞.[J]Althoughtherigidhigh-lowdistinctionfellapartinthe1960s,westillusecultureasabadgeofidentity.Today?sfashionforeclecticism—“IloveBach,AbbaandJayZ〞—is,ShamusKhan,aColumbiaUniversitypsychologist,argues,anewwayforthemiddleclasstodistinguishthemselvesfromwhattheyperceivetobethenarrowtastesofthosebeneaththeminthesocialhierarchy.[K]Theintrinsicqualityofaworkofartisstartingtoseemlikeitsleastimportantattribute.Butperhapsit?smoresignificantthanoursocialscientistsallow.Firstofall,aworkneedsacertainqualitytobeeligibletobeswepttothetopofthepile.The“MonaLisa〞maynotbeaworthyworldchampion,butitwasintheLouvreinthefirstplace,andnotbyaccident.Secondly,somestuffissimplybetterthanotherstuff.Read“Hamlet〞afterreadingeventhegreatestofShakespeare?scontemporaries,andthedifferencemaystrikeyouasunarguable.[L]AstudyintheBritishJournalofAestheticssuggeststhattheexposureeffectdoesn?tworkthesamewayoneverything,andpointstoadifferentconclusionabouthowcanonsareformed.Thesocialscientistsarerighttosaythatweshouldbealittleskepticalofgreatness,andthatweshouldalwayslookinthenextroom.Greatartandmediocritycangetconfused,evenbyexperts.Butthat?swhyweneedtosee,andread,asmuchaswecan.Themorewe?reexposedtothegood篇二：6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯真題答案(dáàn)匯總6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯(fānyì)真題答案匯總試卷一：中國(guó)(zhōnɡɡuó)宴席題目(tímù)：中國(guó)老式的待客之道規(guī)定飯菜豐富多樣，讓客人吃不完。中國(guó)宴席上經(jīng)典的菜單包括開席(kāixí)的一套涼菜及其後的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。大多數(shù)宴席上，全魚被認(rèn)為是必不可少的，除非已經(jīng)上過(guò)各式海鮮。如今，中國(guó)人喜歡把西方特色菜與老式中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少見。沙拉也已流行起來(lái)，盡管老式上中國(guó)人一般不吃任何未經(jīng)烹飪的菜肴。宴席一般至少有一道湯，可以最先上或最終上桌。甜點(diǎn)和水果一般標(biāo)志宴席的完畢。參照答案：ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresfooddiversity,sothatguestswillbefullbeforeeatingupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescolddishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,vegetables,etc.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenservedalready.Today,ChinesepeoplewouldliketocombineWesternspecialtieswithtraditionalChinesedishes.Therefore,itisnotraretoseesteakbeingservedaswell.Saladisgainingpopularity,althoughtraditionallytheChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.Thereisusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedatthebeginningorintheendofthedinnerparty.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthefeast.【重點(diǎn)(zhòngdiǎn)詞匯總結(jié)】待客之道hospitality中國(guó)(zhōnɡɡuó)宴席Chinesebanquet菜單(càidān)menu開席(kāixí)openseats涼菜(liángcài)colddishes熱菜hotfood全魚awholefish海鮮seafood特色菜specialty老式中式菜肴traditionalChinesedishes牛排thesteak沙拉salad烹飪cooking一道湯asoup甜點(diǎn)thedessert試卷二：中國(guó)都市化題目：是中國(guó)都市化〔urbanization〕進(jìn)程中的歷史性時(shí)刻，其都市人口初次超過(guò)農(nóng)村人口。在未來(lái)裏，估計(jì)有3.5億農(nóng)村人口將移居都市。如此規(guī)模的都市發(fā)展對(duì)都市交通來(lái)說(shuō)既是挑戰(zhàn)，也是機(jī)遇。中國(guó)政府一直倡導(dǎo)“以人為本〞的開展理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們以公交而不是私家車出行。它還號(hào)召建立“資源節(jié)省和環(huán)境友好型〞社會(huì)。有了這個(gè)明確的目的，中國(guó)都市就可以更好地規(guī)劃其開展，并把大量投資轉(zhuǎn)向平安、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)型交通系統(tǒng)的開展上。參照答案：TheisahistoricmomentinChineseurbanizationprocess,whentheurbanpopulationsurpassedtheruralpopulationforthefirsttime.Duringthenext20years,itisestimatedthatabout350millionruralpopulationwillmovetocities.Suchlarge-scaleofurbanizationisbothachallengeandanopportunitytotheurbantraffic.TheChinesegovernmenthasalwaysbeenadvocating“people-oriented〞developingconcept,emphasizingthatpeopleshouldtravelbybusesinsteadofbyprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionof“resourcesavingandenvironmentfriendly〞society.Withthisexplicitgoal,Chinacanhaveabetter-plannedurbanizationprocess,andthereforedivertmoreinvestmenttothedevelopmentofsafe,cleanandeconomicaltransportationsystem.【重點(diǎn)詞匯(cíhuì)總結(jié)】都市化urbanization進(jìn)程(jìnchéng)process歷史性時(shí)刻(shíkè)ahistoricmoment都市(chéngshì)人口theurbanpopulation農(nóng)村(nóngcūn)人口theruralpopulation超過(guò)surpass估計(jì)itisestimatedthat移居都市movetocities(大)規(guī)模large-scale都市交通theurbantraffic倡導(dǎo)advocate“以人為本〞people-oriented強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize私家車privatecars“資源節(jié)省和環(huán)境友好型〞r(shí)esourcesavingandenvironmentfriendly明確的目的explicitgoal轉(zhuǎn)向divert平安、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)型交通系統(tǒng)safe,cleanandeconomicaltransportationsystem試卷三：漢朝題目：漢朝是中國(guó)歷史上最重要的朝代之一，漢朝統(tǒng)治期間有諸多明顯的成就。它最先向其他文化敞開大門，對(duì)外貿(mào)易興隆。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向了中西亞乃至羅馬。各類藝術(shù)一派繁華，涌現(xiàn)了諸多文學(xué)歷史哲學(xué)巨著公元1中國(guó)第一部字典編撰完畢，收入9000個(gè)字，提供釋義并列舉不一樣的寫法。期間科技方面也獲得很大進(jìn)步。發(fā)明紙張水中曰晷(sundials)，以及測(cè)量地震的儀器。漢朝經(jīng)歷了四百年，但統(tǒng)治者的腐敗導(dǎo)致了它的滅亡。參照答案：TheHanDynastyisoneofthemostsignificantdynastiesinthehistoryofChinaanditattainedlotsofremarkableachievementsduringthereign.TheHanDynastyisthefirstinopeningitsdoortoothercultures,withtheforeigntradeprosperous.TheSilkRoadexploitedinHanDynastyleadtothecentralandwestpartofAsia,evenRome.Theschoolsofartalsopresentastateofflourish,springinguplotsofmonumentalworksinliterature,historyandphilosophy.ThefirstdictionaryinChinawascompiledandfinishedin100A.D.,whichnotonlycontainsninethousandChinesecharacters,butalsooffersparaphrasesandexamplesofdifferentwritingskills.Scienceandtechnologyalsomademuchprogressduringthisperiod.Peopleinventedwaterclock,sundialsandtheinstrumentsthatcanpredicttheearthquake.TheHanDynastywitnessedfourhundredyearsandwenttodoombecauseofgovernors’decadent.【重點(diǎn)(zhòngdiǎn)詞匯總結(jié)】漢朝TheHanDynasty統(tǒng)治(tǒngzhì)reign明顯(xiǎnzhù)的remarkable對(duì)外貿(mào)易(duìwài-màoyì)foreigntrade興隆(xīngwàng)prosperity開拓exploit絲綢之路theSilkRoad羅馬Rome藝術(shù)流派schoolsofart巨著monumentalwork編撰compile釋義paraphrase水鐘waterclock腐朽decadent滅亡doom篇三：1995-歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案(完好版)(免費(fèi)下載)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheImportanceofReadingClassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.閱讀經(jīng)典書籍對(duì)人的成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要2.如今樂(lè)意閱讀經(jīng)典的人卻越來(lái)越少，原因是?3.我們大學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)怎么做TheImportanceofReadingClassicsPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SpaceTourismMakeyourreservationsnow.Thespacetourismindustryisofficiallyopenforbusiness,andticketsaregoingforamere$20millionforaone-weekstayinspace.DespitereluctancefromNationalAirandSpaceAdministration(NASA)，RussiamadeAmericanbusinessmanDennisTitotheworld‘sfirstspacetourist.TitoflewintospaceaboardaRussianSoyuzrocketthatarrivedattheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onApril30,.Thesecondspacetourist,SouthAfricanbusinessmanMarkShuttleworth,tookoffaboardtheRussianSoyuzonApril25,,alsoboundfortheISS.LanceBassof?NSyncwassupposedtobethethirdtomakethe$20milliontrip,buthedidnotjointhethree-mancrewastheyblastedoffonOctober30,,duetolackofpayment.ProbablythemostincredibleaspectofthisproposedspacetourwasthatNASAapprovedofit.Thesetripsarethebeginningofwhatcouldbeaprofitable21stcenturyindustry.Therearealreadyseveralspacetourismcompaniesplanningtobuildsuborbitalvehiclesandorbitalcitieswithinthenexttwodecades.Thesecompanieshaveinvestedmillions,believingthatthespacetourismindustryisonthevergeoftakingoff.In1997,NASApublishedareportconcludingthatsellingtripsintospacetoprivatecitizenscouldbeworthbillionsofdollars.AJapanesereportsupportsthesefindings,andprojectsthatspacetourismcouldbea$10billionperyearindustrywithinthenexttwodecades.Theonlyobstaclestoopeningupspacetotouristsarethespaceagencies,whoareconcernedwithsafetyandthedevelopmentofareliable,reusablelaunchvehicle.SpaceAccommodationsRussia’sMirspacestationwassupposedtobethefirstdestinationforspacetourists.ButinMarch，theRussianAerospaceAgencybroughtMirdownintothePacificOcean.Asitturnedout,bringingdownMironlytemporarilydelayedthefirsttouristtripintospace.TheMircrashdidcancelplansforanewreality-basedgameshowfromNBC,whichwasgoingtobecalledDestinationMir.TheSurvivor-likeTVshowwasscheduledtoairinfall,ParticipantsontheshowweretogothroughtrainingatRussia‘scosmonaut(宇航員)trainingcenter,StarCity.Eachweek,oneoftheparticipantswouldbeeliminatedfromtheshow,withthewinnerreceivingatriptotheMirspacestation.TheMircrashhasruledoutNBC’sspaceplansfornow.NASAisagainstbeginningspacetourismuntiltheInternationalSpaceStationiscompletedin.Russiaisnotaloneinitsinterestinspacetourism.Thereareseveralprojectsunderwaytocommercializespacetravel.Hereareafewofthegroupsthatmighttaketouriststospace:?SpaceIslandGroupisgoingtobuildaring-shaped,rotating―commercialspaceinfrastructure(根底(jīchǔ)構(gòu)造)‖thatwillresembletheDiscoveryspacecraftinthemovie―:ASpaceOdyssey.‖SpaceIslandsaysitwillbuilditsspacecityoutofemptyNASAspace-shuttlefueltanks(tostart,itshouldtakearound12orso),andplaceitabout400milesaboveEarth.Thespacecitywillrotateonceperminutetocreateagravitationalpullone-thirdasstrongasEarth‘s.?Accordingtotheirvisionstatement.SpaceAdventuresplansto―flytensofthousandofpeopleinspaceoverthenext10-15yearsandbeyond,aroundthemoon,andback,fromspaceportsbothonEarthandinspace,toandfromprivatespacestations,andboarddozenofdifferentvehicles...‖?EvenHiltonHotelshasshowninterestinthespacetourismindustryandpossibilityofbuildingorco-fundingaspacehotel.However,thecompanydidsaythatitbelievessuchaspacehotelis15to20yearsaway.Initially,spacetourismwilloffersimpleaccommodationsatbest.Forinstance,iftheInternationalSpaceStationisusedasatouristattraction,guestswon‘tfindtheluxurioussurroundingsofahotelroomonEarth.Ithasbeendesignedforconductingresearch,notentertainment.However,thefirstgenerationofspacehotelsshouldoffertouristsamuchmorecomfortableexperience.InregardtoaconceptforaspacehotelinitiallyplannedbySpaceIsland,suchahotelcouldofferguestseveryconveniencetheymightfindatahotelonEarth,andsometheymightnot.Thesmallgravitationalpullcreatedbytherotatingspacecitywouldallowspace-touristsandresidentstowalkaroundandfunctionfacilitieswouldbepossible.Additionally,spacetouristswouldevenbeabletotakespacewalks.Manyofthesecompaniesbelievethattheyhavetoofferanextremelyenjoyableexperienceinorderforpassengerstopaythousands,ifnotmillions,ofdollarstorideintospace.Sowillspacecreateanotherseparationbetweenthehavesandhave-nots?TheMostExpensiveVacationWillspacebeanexoticretreatreservedforonlythewealthy?Orwillmiddle-classfolkshaveachancetotaketheirfamiliestospace?Makenomistakeaboutit,goingtospacewillbethemostexpensivevacationyouevertake.Pricesrightnowareinthetensofmillionsofdollars.Currently,theonlyvehiclesthatcantakeyouintospacearethespaceshuttleandtheRussianSoyuz,bothofwhichareterriblyinefficient.Eachspacecraftrequiresmillionsofpoundsoffueltotakeoffintospace,whichmakesthemexpensivetolaunch.Onepoundofpayload(有效(yǒuxiào)載重)costsabout$10,000toputintoEarth’sorbit.NASAandLockheedMartinarecurrentlydevelopingasingle-stage-to-orbitlaunchspaceplane,calledtheVentureStar,thatcouldbelaunchedforaboutatenthofwhatthespaceshuttlecoststolaunch.IftheVentureStartakesoff,thenumberofpeoplewhocouldaffordtotakeatripintospacewouldmoveintothemillions.In1998,ajointreportfromNASAandtheSpaceTransportationAssociationstatedthatimprovementsintechnologycouldpushfaresforspacetravelaslowas$50,000,andpossiblydownto$20,000or$10,000adecadelater.Thereportconcludedthataticketpriceof$50,000,therecouldbe500,000passengersflyingintospaceeachyear.Whilestillleavingoutmanypeople,thesepriceswouldopenupspacetoatremendousamountoftraffic.Sincethebeginningofthespacerace,thegeneralpublichassaid,―Isn‘tthatgreat—whendoIgettogo?‖Well,ourchancemightbecloserthanever.Withinthenext20years,spaceplanescouldbetakingofffortheMoonatthesamefrequencyasairplanesflyingbetweenNewYorkandLosAngles.注意：此局部(bùfen)試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1.LanceBasswasn‘tabletogoonatourofspacebecauseofhealthproblems.2.Severaltourismcompaniesbelievespacetravelisgoingtobeanewprofitableindustry.3.Thespaceagenciesarereluctantt