電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第6版）課件 項(xiàng)目6 Circuit Diagrams and Block Diagrams

劉騁蔡靜主編電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第6版）高職高專電子信息類“十三五”規(guī)劃教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology01UnitⅠBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson6CircuitDiagramsandBlockDiagramsUnitⅠNewWordsdiagram ['dai?ɡr?m] n.圖表；圖解；layout [‘leiaut] n.布局，安排；布置圖，

規(guī)劃圖instruction [in'str?k??n] n.指令，說明neat [ni:t] adj.整潔的straight [streit] adj.直的NewWordsaerial ['ε?ri?l] n.天線Tuner ['tju:n?] n.調(diào)諧器detector [di'tekt?] n.檢波器Loudspeaker [‘laud’spi:k?] n.揚(yáng)聲器,擴(kuò)聲器,喇叭sensor ['sens?] n.傳感器PhrasesandExpressionsBlockdiagram 方框圖breakdown 分解pre-amplifier 前置放大器audioamplifier 音頻放大器PhrasesandExpressionsvolumecontrol音量控制PowerAmplifier功率放大器feedbackpath反饋路徑ControlCircuit控制電路Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsasclearlyaspossiblewithallwiresdrawnneatlyasstraightlines.Theactuallayoutofthecomponentsisusuallyquitedifferentfromthecircuitdiagramandthiscanbeconfusingforthebeginner.Thesecretistoconcentrateontheconnections,nottheactualpositionsofcomponents.Lesson6CircuitdiagramsandBlockdiagramsChineseTranslationofTexts電路圖盡可能清晰的顯示電路的連接，所有的連接線畫成整齊的直線。實(shí)際的元件布局通常與電路圖不同，這可能使初學(xué)者感到迷惑。其奧秘在于連接線，而不是元件的實(shí)際位置。第1課

電路圖和方框圖ChineseTranslationofTextsAcircuitdiagramisusefulwhentestingacircuitandforunderstandinghowitworks.Thisiswhytheinstructionsforprojectsincludeacircuitdiagramaswellastheprintedcircuitboardlayoutwhichyouneedtobuildthecircuit.ChineseTranslationofTexts電路圖在測(cè)試電路和理解它是如何工作的時(shí)候是有用的。這就是為什么項(xiàng)目說明既包括電路圖又包括建立實(shí)際電路所需要的印刷電路板的布局圖。ChineseTranslationofTextsDrawingcircuitdiagramsDrawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticetodrawneat,cleardiagrams(asshowninFig.6-1).Thisisausefulskillforscienceaswellasforelectronics.Youwillcertainlyneedtodrawcircuitdiagramsifyoudesignyourowncircuits.ChineseTranslationofTexts繪制電路圖繪制電路圖并不難，但繪制工整、清晰的圖表需要一些練習(xí)（如圖6－1所示）。這對(duì)科學(xué)以及電子學(xué)而言都是一個(gè)有用的技能。如果自己設(shè)計(jì)電路，肯定需要繪制電路圖。ChineseTranslationofTextsFollowthesetipsforbestresults:Makesureyouusethecorrectsymbolforeachcomponent.Drawconnectingwiresasstraightlines(usearuler).Labelcomponentssuchasresistorsandcapacitorswiththeirvalues.Thepositive(+)supplyshouldbeatthetopandthenegative(-)supplyatthebottom.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts按照這些小建議將會(huì)取得最好的效果：確保對(duì)每個(gè)元件都使用了正確的符號(hào)。將連接線繪制成直線（請(qǐng)使用直尺）。標(biāo)注元件的值，如電阻和電容器的值。正電源應(yīng)該放在頂部，而負(fù)電源放在底部。Blockdiagramsareusedtounderstand(anddesign)completecircuitsbybreakingthemdownintosmallersectionsorblocks.Eachblockperformsaparticularfunctionandtheblockdiagramshowshowtheyareconnectedtogether.Noattemptismadetoshowthecomponentsusedwithinablock,onlytheinputsandoutputsareshown.Thiswayoflookingatcircuitsiscalledthesystemsapproach.Powersupply(orbattery)connectionsareusuallynotshownonblockdiagrams.ChineseTranslationofTexts方框圖方框圖是通過把完整的電路分解成較小的模塊來(lái)理解（設(shè)計(jì)）電路。每個(gè)模塊執(zhí)行某一特定功能，方框圖顯示了它們是如何連接在一起的。不需要畫出每一個(gè)模塊所采用的具體元件，只需畫出其輸入和輸出。這種對(duì)待電路的方式被稱為系統(tǒng)的方法。電源（或電池）的連接通常不會(huì)在方框圖中畫出。ChineseTranslationofTextsAudioAmplifierSystem(asshowninFig.6-2)Microphone-atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage.Pre-Amplifier-amplifiesthesmallaudiosignal(voltage)fromthemicrophone.ToneandVolumeControls-adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal.Thetonecontroladjuststhebalanceofhighandlowfrequencies.Thevolumecontroladjuststhestrengthofthesignal.PowerAmplifier-increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal.ChineseTranslationofTexts音頻放大器系統(tǒng)（如圖6－2所示）麥克風(fēng)：將聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓的換能器。前置放大器：放大來(lái)自于麥克風(fēng)的小的音頻信號(hào)（電壓）。音調(diào)和音量控制調(diào)節(jié)：調(diào)節(jié)音頻信號(hào)的參數(shù)。音調(diào)控制調(diào)節(jié)平衡頻率的高低。音量控制調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度。功率放大器：增加音頻信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度（功率）。ChineseTranslationofTextsRadioReceiverSystem(asshowninFig.6-3)Aerial-picksupradiosignalsfrommanystations.Tuner-selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostation.Detector-extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal.AudioAmplifier-increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal.ChineseTranslationofTexts無(wú)線電接收系統(tǒng)（如圖6－3所示）天線：從許多無(wú)線電臺(tái)中收集無(wú)線電信號(hào)。調(diào)諧器：選出一個(gè)無(wú)線電臺(tái)的信號(hào)。檢波器：將音頻信號(hào)從攜帶它的無(wú)線電信號(hào)中提取出來(lái)。音頻放大器：增加音頻信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度（功率）。ChineseTranslationofTextsThiscouldbebrokendownintotheblocksliketheAudioAmplifierSystemshownabove.Loudspeaker-atransducerwhichconvertstheaudiosignaltosound.ChineseTranslationofTexts這可以被分解成很多塊，就像上面的音頻放大系統(tǒng)顯示的。揚(yáng)聲器:將音頻信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為聲音的換能器。ChineseTranslationofTextsFeedbackControlSystem(asshowninFig.6-4)Sensor-atransducerwhichconvertsthestateofthecontrolledquantitytoanelectricalsignal.Selector(controlinput)-selectsthedesiredstateoftheoutput.Usuallyitisavariableresistor.ControlCircuit-comparesthedesiredstate(controlinput)withtheactualstate(sensor)ofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.ChineseTranslationofTexts反饋控制系統(tǒng)（如圖6－4所示）傳感器：將控制量轉(zhuǎn)換成電子信號(hào)的換能器。選擇器（控制輸入）：選擇所需的輸出狀態(tài)。通常它是一個(gè)可變電阻。控制電路：將理想狀態(tài)（控制輸入）與被控制量的實(shí)際狀態(tài)（傳感器）進(jìn)行比較，然后發(fā)送一個(gè)合適的信號(hào)給輸出換能器。ChineseTranslationofTextsOutputTransducer-convertstheelectricalsignaltothecontrolledquantity.ControlledQuantity-usuallynotanelectricalquantity,e.g.motorspeed.FeedbackPath-usuallynotelectrical,theSensordetectsthestateofthecontrolledquantity.Loudspeaker-atransducerwhichconvertstheaudiosignaltosound.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts輸出換能器：將電信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成控制量?？刂屏浚和ǔ２皇且粋€(gè)電氣量，例如，電機(jī)速度。反饋路徑：傳感器檢測(cè)被控量的狀態(tài)，通常不是電氣量。揚(yáng)聲器：將音頻信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為聲音的換能器。Exercises1.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.detectorb.microphonec.toneandvolumecontrolsd.poweramplifiere.tuner1.atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage2.extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal3.increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal4.adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal5.selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostationExercises1.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.detectorb.microphonec.toneandvolumecontrolsd.poweramplifiere.tuner1.atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage2.extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal3.increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal4.adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal5.selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostationExercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsas

aspossiblewithallwires

asstraightlines.b.Acircuitdiagramisusefulwhen

andforunderstandinghowitworks.c.Labelcomponentssuchas

andcapacitorswiththeirvalues.d.ControlCircuit—compares

(controlinput)withthe

ofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.e.Drawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticeto

,

diagrams.Exercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsasclearlyaspossiblewithallwiresdrawnneatlyasstraightlines.b.Acircuitdiagramisusefulwhentestingacircuit

andforunderstandinghowitworks.c.Labelcomponentssuchasresistorsandcapacitorswiththeirvalues.d.ControlCircuit—comparesthedesiredstate(controlinput)withtheactualstate(sensor)ofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.e.Drawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticetodrawneat,cleardiagrams.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Blockdiagramsareusedtounderstand(anddesign)completecircuitsbybreakingthemdownintosmallersectionsorblocks.Eachblockperformsaparticularfunction,andthe