電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第6版）課件 項目19 Internet of Things

劉騁蔡靜主編電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第6版）高職高專電子信息類“十三五”規(guī)劃教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology04UnitⅣAdvancedElectronicTechnologyLesson19InternetofThings

UnitⅣNewWordsSensor ['sens?] n. 傳感器Facilitate [f?'siliteit] vt. 使容易，促進，幫助Identification [ai,dentifi'kei?n] n. 認(rèn)出，識別Illegal [i'li:gl] adj. 不合法的，非法的Storage ['st?:rid?] n. 存儲，存儲器Alarm [?'la:m] vt.&n. 警告；報警器NewWordsbill [bil] n. 賬單，目錄transponder [tr?ns'p?nd?] n. 應(yīng)答器approaching [?'pr?ut?i?] vt. 接近，靠近expert ['eksp?:t] n. 專家，能手energy-efficient 能效高的，高能效的interact [,int?r'?kt] v. 交互NewWordstackle ['t?kl] vt. 攔截embrace [im'breis] v. 擁抱，包括spark [spɑ:k] vt. 發(fā)動，觸發(fā)aggregate ['?ɡriɡ?t,'?ɡriɡeit] vt. 使聚集，使積聚，總計達PhrasesandExpressionsInternetofThings 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)sensornetwork 傳感網(wǎng)mobilecommunicationnetwork 移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)producttagged 產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽automatictelephonealarm 自動電話報警radiofrequencyidentification 射頻識別

InternetofThings（IoT）,alsoknownasthesensornetwork,referstoavarietyofinformationsensingdevicesandtheInternetcombinetoformahugenetwork,willenablealloftheitemsandnetworkconnectionstofacilitatetheidentificationandmanagement.

Becauseofitscomprehensivesense,reliabledelivery,intelligentprocessingfeatures,itiseveryonethatisthesecondcomputer,theInternet,mobilecommunicationnetworkagainafterthewaveoftheinformationindustry.Lesson19InternetofThingsChineseTranslationofTexts物聯(lián)網(wǎng)又名傳感網(wǎng),是指將各種信息傳感設(shè)備與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)結(jié)合起來而形成的一個巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò),可使所有的物品與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接,方便識別和管理。因其具有全面感知、可靠傳遞、智能處理的特點,它被眾人認(rèn)為是繼計算機、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動通信網(wǎng)之后的又一次信息產(chǎn)業(yè)浪潮。第19課

物聯(lián)網(wǎng)ChineseTranslationofTextsTouchofabuttononthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,aperson'sactivities.

Sendatextmessage,youcanturnonthefan;iftheillegalinvasionofyourhome,youwillreceiveautomatictelephonealarm.

Thisintelligentscene,isnotonlytheHollywoodsci-fiblockbusterssituation,andthingsaregraduallyapproachingourlives.ChineseTranslationofTexts輕觸一下電腦或者手機的按鈕，即使千里之外，你也能了解到某件物品的狀況、某個人的活動情況。發(fā)一個短信，你就能打開風(fēng)扇；如果有人非法入侵你的住宅，你還會收到自動電話報警。如此智能的場景，已不是好萊塢科幻大片中才有的情形了，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在步步逼近我們的生活。ChineseTranslationofTextsAchieveallthisisbecausethe"things"thereisakeytechnologyforinformationstorageobjectcalledradiofrequencyidentification(RFID).

AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents（asshowninFig.19-1）:anantennatransceiver(oftencombinedintoonereader)andatransponder(thetag).Theantennaemitsradiosignalstoactivatethetagandtoreadandwritedatatoit.Whenactivated,thetagtransmitsdatabacktotheantenna.ChineseTranslationofTexts實現(xiàn)這一切是因為“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”里有一個存儲物體信息的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)叫射頻識別(RFID)。RFID系統(tǒng)由三部分組成（如圖19－1所示）：天線和收發(fā)器（通常集成在一個讀入器里）和應(yīng)答器（標(biāo)簽）。天線發(fā)出無線電信號激活標(biāo)簽和讀寫數(shù)據(jù)。標(biāo)簽傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)可能提供識別或定位信息，或者是有關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽的信息，如價格，顏色，購買日期等。ChineseTranslationofTextsThedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovideidentificationorlocationinformation,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,color,dateofpurchase,etc.Low-frequencyRFIDsystems(30KHzto500KHz)haveshorttransmissionranges(generallylessthansixfeet).High-frequencyRFIDsystems(850MHzto950MHzand2.4GHzto2.5GHz)offerlongertransmissionranges(morethan90feet).Ingeneral，thehigherthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.ChineseTranslationofTexts低頻RFID系統(tǒng)（30kHz至500kHz）的傳輸距離短（一般小于6英尺）。高頻射頻識別系統(tǒng)（850兆赫至950兆赫和2.4GHz至2.5GHz）的傳輸距離更長（超過90英尺）。通常，頻率越高，系統(tǒng)的價格越昂貴。ChineseTranslationofTextsForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone"informationsensingdevice"canbeconnectedwiththemobilenetwork,thisphonecannotonlyconfirmtheuser'sidentity,butalsotopayforthecost,visitsbyappointment,forqueryand

paythephonebill,waterchargestopaygas,lottery,airlineticketsandotherpaymentservices.ChineseTranslationofTexts比如在手機里嵌入RFID-SIM卡，手機內(nèi)的“信息傳感設(shè)備”就能與移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連，這種手機，不僅可以確認(rèn)使用者的身份，還能進行費用支付、預(yù)約參觀、實現(xiàn)查詢及繳納手機話費、水電燃氣費繳納、彩票投注、航空訂票等多種支付服務(wù)。ChineseTranslationofTextsAslongasanobjectembeddedinaspecificradiofrequencytags,sensorsandotherdevicesconnectedtotheInternet,willbeabletoformalargenetworksystems,inthisline,eventhousandsofmilesaway,peoplecaneasilylearnandcontroloftheobjectinformation（asshowninFig.19-2）.ChineseTranslationofTexts只要將特定物體嵌入射頻標(biāo)簽、傳感器等設(shè)備，與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相連后，就能形成一個龐大的聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，在這個網(wǎng)上，即使遠在千里之外，人們也能輕松獲知和掌控物體的信息（如圖19－2所示）。ChineseTranslationofTextsTospeakmoreconcretely,let'simagineaworldinwhichalargenumberofthingsthatsurroundusare"autonomous",becausetheyhave:ChineseTranslationofTexts更具體地講，讓我們想象一個世界，大量的事物“自動”地圍繞著我們，因為他們有：ChineseTranslationofTextsaname:atagwithauniquecode,amemory:tostoreeverythingthattheycannotobtainimmediatelyfromthenet,ameansofcommunication:mobileandenergy-efficient,ifpossible,sensors:inordertointeractwiththeirenvironment,acquiredorinnatebehaviors:toactaccordingtoalogic,anobjectivegivenbyitsowner.And,ofcourse,likeeverythingelseonEarth,thesethingsmusthaveanelectronicexistenceonthenetwork.ChineseTranslationofTexts一個名字：標(biāo)簽與一個獨特的代碼，存儲器：存儲那些不能立即從網(wǎng)上獲得的任何東西，一種通信方式：移動的和高能效的，如果可能的話，傳感器：為了與環(huán)境交互，獲取或自然的行為：由自身給出的符合邏輯的客觀行動。當(dāng)然，像地球上的其他事物一樣，這些事情都必須有一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的電子存在。ChineseTranslationofTextsSomeexpertspredictthat10yearsthingsmaybealarge-scalepopularitytobecomeatrillion-scalehigh-techmarket.

Then,atthepersonalhealth,trafficcontrol,environmentalprotection,publicsafety,peaceathome,smartfire,industrialmonitoring,elderlycareinalmostallareas,thingswillplayarole.

Someexpertssaidthatonlythreetofiveyears’time,thingswillbefullaccesstopeople'slives,changepeople'swayoflife.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts有專家預(yù)測10年內(nèi)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)就可能大規(guī)模普及，發(fā)展成為上萬億規(guī)模的高科技市場。屆時，在個人健康、交通控制、環(huán)境保護、公共安全、平安家居、智能消防、工業(yè)監(jiān)測、老人護理等幾乎所有領(lǐng)域，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)都將發(fā)揮作用。有專家表示，只需三到五年時間，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)就會全面進入人們的生活，改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞健heInternetofThingshasgreatpromise,yetbusiness,policy,andtechnicalchallengesmustbetackledbeforethesesystemsarewidelyembraced.Earlyadopterswillneedtoprovethatthenewsensordrivenbusinessmodelscreatesuperiorvalue.Industrygroupsandgovernmentregulatorsshouldstudyrulesondataprivacyanddatasecurity,particularlyforusesthattouchonsensitiveconsumerinformation.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有很大的前途，但這個系統(tǒng)被廣泛接受之前，業(yè)務(wù)，政策，和技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)必須解決。早期應(yīng)用者需證明，這種新的傳感器驅(qū)動的商業(yè)模式，能夠創(chuàng)造卓越的價值。行業(yè)組織和政府監(jiān)管機構(gòu)應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全的規(guī)則，特別是在使用那些接觸到的敏感的消費者信息時。Onthetechnologyside,thecostofsensorsandactuatorsmustfalltolevelsthatwillsparkwidespreaduse.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacanflowfreelyamongsensors,computers,andactuators.Softwaretoaggregateandanalyzedata,aswellasgraphicdisplaytechniques,mustimprovetothepointwherehugevolumesofdatacanbeabsorbedbyhuman.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts在技術(shù)方面，傳感器和驅(qū)動器的成本必須下降至某個水平才能實現(xiàn)廣泛的使用。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，必須支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)可以在傳感器，計算機，和驅(qū)動器之間自由流動。收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的軟件，以及圖形顯示技術(shù)，必須提高到這樣一種地步，大量的數(shù)據(jù)可以被人們接收。NotesLow-frequencyRFIDsystems(30kHzto500kHz)haveshorttransmissionranges(generallylessthansixfeet).High-frequencyRFIDsystems(850MHzto950MHzand2.4GHzto2.5GHz)offerlongertransmissionranges(morethan90feet).低頻RFID系統(tǒng)（30kHz至500kHz）的傳輸距離短（一般小于6英尺）。高頻RFID系統(tǒng)（850MHz至950MHz和2.4GHz至2.5GHz）的傳輸距離更長（超過90英尺）。RFID：是RadioFrequencyIdentification的縮寫，即射頻識別。RFID是一種非接觸式的自動識別技術(shù)，它通過射頻信號自動識別目標(biāo)對象并獲取相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，識別工作無須人工干預(yù)，可工作于各種惡劣環(huán)境。1NotesForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone“informationsensingdevice”can,beconnectedwiththemobilenetworkRFID-SIMcard.例如，在手機里嵌入RFID-SIM卡，手機內(nèi)的“信息傳感設(shè)備”就能與移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連。SIMcard：SIM卡是SubscriberIdentityModel（客戶識別模塊）的縮寫，也稱為智能卡、用戶身份識別卡，GSM數(shù)字移動電話機必須裝上此卡方能使用。2NotesForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone“informationsensingdevice”can,beconnectedwiththemobilenetworkRFID-SIMcard.RFID-SIMcard：RFID-SIM卡的外形尺寸與傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SIM卡完全一致，基于2.4GHz頻段，是一種可實現(xiàn)近/中/遠距離無線通信功能的手機智能卡，通信距離為10～500cm，單向支持100m（數(shù)據(jù)廣播）。RFID-SIM卡屬于CPU卡的一種，卡內(nèi)具備COS（微型操作系統(tǒng)），區(qū)別于邏輯加密卡，具備極高級別的安全管理措施，同時可通過手機讀寫卡內(nèi)個性化數(shù)據(jù)。2Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Low-frequencyRFIDsystemshaveshorttransmissionranges.b.Ingeneral,thelowerthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.c.High-frequencyRFIDsystemsoffershorttransmissionranges.d.Whenactivated,theantennatransmitsdatabacktothetag.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Low-frequencyRFIDsystemshaveshorttransmissionranges.b.Ingeneral,thelowerthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.c.High-frequencyRFIDsystemsoffershorttransmissionranges.d.Whenactivated,theantennatransmitsdatabacktothetag.TFFFExercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents:

,

and

.b.Thedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovide

or

,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,dateofpurchase,etc.c.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacan

sensors,computers,andactuators.d.

onthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,

.Exercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents:

anantenna,transceiverandatransponder.b.Thedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovideidentificationorlocationinformation,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,dateofpurchase,etc.c.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacanflowfreelyamongsensors,computers,andactuators.d.Touchofabuttononthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,

aperson’sactivities.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.InternetofThings(IoT),alsoknownasthesensornetwork,referstoa