supervision of instruction a developmental approach - cte：教學發(fā)展的方法- cte監(jiān)督

SupervisionandProfessionalDevelopment

JHUSPSBE

Glickman,C.D.,Gordon,S.P.&Ross-Gordon,J.(2004).SupervisionandInstructionalLeadership:ADevelopmentalApproach.SixthEdition.Boston:AllynandBacon.

GlickmanChapter1–ChapterOutline

SupervisionofInstruction:ADevelopmentalApproach

Collegialschoolsareeffectiveinobtainingstudentachievement.

Thefivestepstoschoolsmeetingtheirobjectivesare:

Professionaldevelopment

Directassistancetoteachers

Curriculumdevelopment

Groupdevelopment

Actionresearch

Supervisionisidenticaltoleadershipfortheimprovementofinstruction

Supervisionisbasedonthejob/actionsofaperson,nottheirtitle

Forthepurposeofinstructionalimprovement,supervisorsshouldhave:

Knowledgeofprofessionaldevelopment

Interpersonalskills

Technicalskills(teachingskills)

Belowarepagenumberswithsomeimportantquotationsfromthefirstchapter:

Page5–Insuccessfulschools,individualneedsarefulfilledthroughorganizationalgoals.

Studentsareengagedinlearning.

Page8–Thehistoryofinstructionalsupervisionisviewedmostoftenasaninstrumentforcontrollingteachers.

Page9–Supervisionistheglueofsuccessfulschools.

Page10–Instructionalleadershipistobeviewedasafunctionandprocessratherthanaroleorposition.

Page11–Thoseresponsibleforsupervisionmustpossessknowledge,interpersonalskills,andtechnicalskills(Page12)

Page12–Thosesupervisorytasksthathavepotentialtoaffectteacherdevelopmentaredirectassistance,groupdevelopment,professionaldevelopment,curriculumdevelopment,andactionresearch.

Threetypesofschools:

ConventionalSchool–characterizedbydependence,hierarchy,andprofessionalisolation

Example:GermandoElementary“IthinkyouwillfindthatIrunatightship”

Teachersnotonlyusethesametextbook,butareontheexactsamepageeveryday.

CongenialSchool–characterizedbyfriendlysocialinteractionsandprofessionalisolation

Example:FinnieTylerHighSchool“Thekidsarefine,notasacademicastheyshouldbe,butthisschoolisaniceplaceforthem.Iwouldn’twanttoteachanyplaceelse.”

Teachershavethesametextbook,butcanteachanywaytheyplease.

CollegialSchool–characterizedbypurposefuladultinteractionsaboutimprovingschool-wideteachingandlearning

Establishlearninggoalsforallstudentsconsistentwiththeresponsibilityofeducationinademocraticsociety.

Example:ProgressMiddleSchool

Collegialschoolsaredrivenby:

Acovenantoflearning–mission,vision,andgoals

Acharterforschool-wide,democraticdecisionmaking

Acriticalstudyprocessforinformingdecisionsandconductingactionresearch

Successfulschoolscreatea“SuperVision”orinstructionalleadershipthatgivespurposeanddirectiontothecommonworldofadults.

Supervision:ANewNameforaNewParadigm

Timelineofsupervision:

Beganasaconventionalparadigm(attemptedtocontrolteachers’instructionalbehaviors)

17th–19thCentury:laypersonsinspectedschools,teachers,andstudentlearning

20thCentury(early):Ageofscientificmanagement–laycommitteeswerereplacedbyprofessionalsupervisorswhodemonstratedhowsubjectsshouldbetaughtandvisitedclassroomstosuggestorrecommendwaysthatteacherscouldimproveinstruction.

1930s–1950s:Humanrelationssupervision–byimprovinginterpersonalrelationshipsandmeetingpersonalneeds,thesupervisorandteacherscouldimproveinstruction.

1960s:Behavioralscienceapproach(conventionalsupervision)–directsupervisorycontrolthroughinspection;curriculumandmaterialsweredevelopedbyschooldistricts.

Late20thCentury:“Legislatedlearning”–externalcontrolfromstatelegislatorsandstatedepartmentofeducation

Paradigmshiftfromconventionalandcongenialschoolstowardcollegialschoolsmustincludeaviewofsupervisionasfollows:

Acollegialratherthanahierarchicalrelationshipbetweenteachersandformallydesignatedsupervisors

Supervisionastheprovinceofteachers,aswellasformallydesignatedsupervisors

Afocusonteachergrowthratherthanteachercompliance

Facilitationofteacherscollaboratingwitheachotherininstructionalimprovementefforts

Teacherinvolvementinongoingreflectiveinquiry

SupervisoryGlueasaMetaphorforSuccess

SuperVision–acommonvisionofwhatteachingandlearningcanandshouldbe,developedcollaborativelybyformallydesignatedsupervisors,teachers,andothermembersoftheschoolcommunity.

Thesepeoplewillmakethevisionareality

Supervisionisidenticaltoleadershipfortheimprovementofinstruction.

WhoisresponsibleforSuperVision?

Allstaffmem