2023年6月六級(jí)真題

2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(一)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations:Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itwasspaciousandtranquil.B)Itwaswarmandcomfortable.C)Itwasshabbyandsolitary.D)Itwastinyandnoisy.2.A)Shenolongerhatespeopletalkingloudlyinthedorm.B)Shemissesherroommatessheusedtocomplainabout.C)Shebeginstoenjoythemoviessheoncefoundirritating.D)Shefindsthecrowdeddormascozyashernewapartment.3.A)Hefoundtheapartmentperfectlyfurnished.B)Hehadafeelingofdespairandfrustration.C)Hehadasimilarfeelingtothewoman’s.D)Hefeltthenewplacewaslikeparadise.4.A)Gotoseethewoman’sapartment.B)Makeaphonecalltohisparents.C)Buysomefurnitureforthewoman.D)Decoratethewoman’sapartment.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Heworksasaliterarycritic.B)Hehostsaneducationalprogram.C)Hehasinitiatedauniversityreform.D)Hehaspublishedabookrecently.6.A)Itfailstokeepupwiththeradicalchangesofsociety.B)Itfailstoensureuniversitiesgetsufficientresources.C)Ithasnotpreparedyoungpeopleforthejobmarket.D)Ithasnotfosteredthegrowthoftheartsdisciplines.7.A)Moreofthebudgetshouldgotoscienceandtechnology.B)Theunderfundedmusicdisciplineshouldbeprioritized.C)Subdisciplineslikesculptureshouldgetmorefunding.D)Literatureshouldgetasmuchfundingasengineering.8.A)Buildaprosperousnation.B)Makeskilledprofessionals.C)Createingeniousartists.D)Cultivatebettercitizens.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itisquitecommon.B)Itisrarelynoticed.C)Itseldomannoyspeople.D)Itoccurswhenoneisalone.10.A)Seeingthingsinblackandwhite.B)Engaginginregularcontemplation.C)Havingaspecialunderstandingofcreativity.D)Knowinghowtomaketheirmentalbatterieswork.11.A)Engaginginintenseactivity.B)Fantasizinginone’sdowntime.C)Workingonaparticularproject.D)Reflectingduringone'srelaxation.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)FarmershelpedNativeAmericansgrowcrops.B)Therewereexpansiveuniversitycampuses.C)Thereexistedpostoffices.D)Migrantsfoundgoldthere.13.A)IthelpedtoboosttheeconomyintheAmericanWest.B)Itprovidedjobopportunitiesformanygoldseekers.C)Itextendedtheinfluenceofthefederalgovernment.D)Itkeptpeopleinthedesertsandplainsconnected.14.A)ItemployedNativeAmericanstoworkaspostmen.B)Itcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrythemail.C)Itsubsidizedthelocalswhoactedaspostmasters.D)Itcentralizedpostalservicesinitsremoteareas.15.A)Heanalyzedinteractivemapsofmailroutes.B)Hereadalargecollectionofbooksonthetopic.C)Heexamineditshistoricaltrendswithdatascience.D)Hecollecteddataaboutitsimpactonlocalbusiness.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Higherlevelsofanxietymayimprovepeople’smemory.B)Someexperiencesareeasiertorememberthanothers.C)Mostpeopletendtorememberthingsselectively.D)Simplethingsmayleaveadeepimpressiononone’smemory.17.A)Theyclassifiedtheparticipants’mindset.B)Theyshowedsomephotostotheparticipants.C)Theymeasuredtheparticipants’anxietylevels.D)Theytestedthesizeoftheparticipants’vocabulary.18.A)Anxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemforanincreasingnumberofpeople.B)Extremelevelsofanxietycanadverselyaffectcognitiveperformance.C)Peoplediagnosedwithanxietydisordermayforgetthingsselectively.D)Thereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenmemoryandlevelsofanxiety.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theycompareproductsfromdifferentcompaniesbeforemakingachoice.B)Theygetinformationfromotherconsumers’postingsandcomments.C)Theylosepatiencewhentheirphonecallisnopromptlyanswered.D)Theyexpecttogetinstantaneousresponsestotheirinquiry.20.A)Givingthemrewardsonthespot.B)Broadeningtheirscopeofinterest.C)Speakingdirectlytotheiremotions.D)Focusingonthedetailsoftheproduct.21.A)Changetherulesofthegameinthemarketeveryyear.B)Keepupwiththelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.C)Learnfromtechnologicalinnovatorstodobusiness.D)Makegreatereffortstobuildupconsumers’confidence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Peoplehaveonlyonesocialengagementperweek.B)Workingtogetherenhancesfriendship.C)Fewpeoplehavedevotedfriends.D)Friendshipsbenefitwork.23.A)Theimpactoffriendsonpeople’sself-esteem.B)Howsupportivefriendscanbeintheworkplace.C)Howtoboostone’ssenseofvalueandworthiness.D)Theroleoffamilytiesinpeople’smentalwell-being.24.A)Theyshowlittleinterestintheirfriends’work.B)Theytendtobemuchmoredifficulttomake.C)Theyaremoretrustworthyandreliable.D)Theyincreasepeople’sjobsatisfaction.25.A)Allowemployeestohaveaflexibleworkschedule.B)Encourageemployeestobefriendswithcolleagues.C)Helpemployeesbalanceworkandfamilyresponsibilities.D)Organizeactivitiestonourishfriendshipsoutsideofwork.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligentcarnivores(食肉動(dòng)物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot26otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamineddogcognition27,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe28ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto29howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs’brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies’resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons30thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas31assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand32humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof33humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree34withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy35theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.A)affirmedI)overstatedB)approximatelyJ)pledgeC)completelyK)previouslyD)differentiateL)prospectiveE)distinctM)proveF)domainN)surpassG)formidableO)volumeH)outperformedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThelifesavingpowerofgratitudeA)Gratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantstowriteanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwouldfeel-animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsofwritingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotesoverthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreducedsymptomsofdepression.B)Whilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.StudentsofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefoe’s300-year-oldRobinsonCrusoe,often,regardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneonanunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchtolament(悲嘆).Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthefactthatheisthesolesurvivorfromtheshipwreck(海難)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyusefulitemsfromthewreckage.C)Defoe’smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestnovels,providesaportraitofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhichcontemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,itisfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentation.D)Whenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksincareerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswearegratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoonewouldargueforcultivatingafalsesense,ofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingourblessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.E)Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld’sculturaltraditions.Forexample,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.F)Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengageingratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibitincreasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsarenotonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral-thosewhopracticegratitudealsoviewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.G)Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressinggratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodnessinrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelytoreciprocate(回報(bào))withactsofkindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotherislikelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeelgoodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,withacorrespondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecomebetterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodnessintotheworldaroundthem.H)Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogoodthingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationshipsseemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospendtheirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.I)Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenotworthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsomeulterior(別有用心的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsofgratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingtoallowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadofexperiencingabenefaction(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentofwhattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.J)Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimplyspendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhapswritingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligiousdisciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingforthehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibletofocusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthefuture.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancestheyenjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defoe’sCrusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthesocietyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.K)Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude，thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwocounselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,“Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyouhavedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou.”Insayingthis,Woodensoughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.Second,hesaid,“Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday.”L)Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherentsofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbeforelyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequentspecialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.M)WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewasanticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yethewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendbackthousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,andthosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearoundthem.36.Itdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadandresentful.37.Thebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewidersociety.38.Theparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceivedthank-younotes.39.Gooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable.40.Peoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralterms.41.Abasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.42.Moreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountourblessings.43.Ofallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandbeneficial.44.Theprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatall.45.Gratitudeislikelytoenhanceone’ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherpeople.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Technologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence，forexample.isalteringhumanity.WhilethetermAlconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem-onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentthemselves.Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople’sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.Atthesametime，though，thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey’vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople’soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.Algorithmscouldsoon-iftheydon'talready-haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou’dliketowatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAl-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?A)Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.B)Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.C)Itisalteringmoraljudgments.D)Itisreshapinghumanity.47.Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?A)Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.B)Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.C)Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.D)Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.48.Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofculture?A)Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice.B)Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck.C)Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.D)Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines.49.Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?A)Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant.B)Theywillrepeatourpastexperience.C)Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.D)Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.50.WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAl-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?A)Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.B)Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.C)Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.D)Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Phonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable(音節(jié))bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalexam.Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas“wholelanguage”.Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled“balancedliteracy”.Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective.“Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,”saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi’seducationdepartment.“Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught.”Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitslowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan.Mississippi'spupilsarenowaveragereaders,aremarkableachievementinsuchapoorstate.Mississippi’ssuccessisattributedtoimplementingreadingmethodssupportedbyabodyofresearchknownasthescienceofreading.In1997CongressrequestedtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentandtheDepartmentofEducationtoconveneaNationalReadingPaneltoendthe“readingwars”andsynthesizetheevidence.Thepanelfoundthatphonics,alongwithexplicitinstructioninphonemic (音位的)awareness,fluencyandcomprehension,workedbest.Yetovertwodecadeson,“balancedliteracy”isstillbeingtaughtinclassrooms.Butadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimaginghavedisprovedthewhole-languagemethod.Totheteacherwhoisaproficientreader.literacyseemslikeanaturalprocessthatrequireseducatedguessing,ratherthanthedeliberateprocessemphasizedbyphonies.Teacherscanimaginethattheylearnedtoreadthroughosmosis(潛移默化)whentheywerechildren.Withoutpropertraining,theybringthistoclassrooms.51.WhatdowelearnaboutphonicsinmanyAmericanclassrooms？A)Itisillreputed.B)Itismostlymisapplied.C)Itisarbitrarilyexcluded.D)Itismisrepresented.52.WhathasAmericabeenwitnessingfordecades？A)Anobsessionwithinnovatingteachingmethodologiesofreading.B)Anenduringdebateovertheapproachtoteachingchildrentoread.C)Anincreasingconcernwithmanychildren'sinadequacyinliteracy.D)Anever-forcefuladvocacyofacombinedmethodforteachingreading.53.WhydoesTenetteSmiththinkacombinationofteachingmethodsisineffective？A)Elementaryschoolchildrenwillbefrustratedwhentaughtwithseveralmethodscombined.B)Phonicshastobesystematicallyappliedandclearlytaughttoachievethedesiredeffe