Unit6Earthfirst知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理清單高一英語(yǔ)

高中英語(yǔ)必修第二冊(cè)Unit6Earthfirst知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理重點(diǎn)單詞1.infear擔(dān)心地，害怕地beinfearof/foryourlife.擔(dān)心你的生命安全be/liveinfearofsth.生活在對(duì)某事物的恐懼之中withoutfear.毫不害怕地forfear(that)...唯恐,生怕.forfearof(doing)sth.生怕(做)某事havenofearofsth.不害怕某事物”某人感到害怕。Someonehasfear.(X)Someoneisfrightened/afraid.(V)...havethefear(n.)that...害怕…..….fear(vt.)that...害怕…..scare.v.使(某人)驚恐,嚇?！鷖caryadj.恐怖的，嚇人的bescared/frightened/afraidof…害怕….bescared/frightened/afraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事bescared/frightened/afraidtodosth.不敢做某事bescared/frightened/afraidthat..害怕…..scaresb.intodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事scare…off/away把......嚇跑scaresb.todeath.把某人嚇得要死scareeasily.容易受驚嚇ascarymovie恐怖電影ascarymoment驚悚一刻Itscaressb.todosth.做某事使某人感到害怕。cut...off把......切斷/剪斷cutoffthewatersupply切斷水源供應(yīng)bepletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld和外界完全隔絕havemyhaircutoff把我的頭發(fā)剪掉cutacross抄近路穿過(guò)cutaway切掉,剪掉;逃走,跑開(kāi)cutdown砍倒;(疾病等)奪去生命;削減,縮短;毀滅,破壞cutin插嘴;突然插入cutinto打斷cutout切掉;刪掉cutup切碎,切掉;使喪氣,使痛心cutsth.intoslices/pieces把某物切成薄片/小塊cutsth.inhalf/intwo把某物切成兩半havea(n)...effecton/upon對(duì)......有...影響havean/noeffecton對(duì)......有/沒(méi)有影響haveapositive/negativeeffecton=havea(n)influenceon/upon對(duì)......有積極的/消極的影響bring/putsth.intoeffect使生效,實(shí)行,實(shí)施eintoeffect生效,開(kāi)始實(shí)施takeeffect開(kāi)始起作用;生效,開(kāi)始實(shí)施ineffect實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上;有效see...as...把......看作….“把….看作/視為….”的其他表達(dá):lookon/upon...as..treat...as...regard...as...view...as..recognise...as...consider,..(tobe/as)...ratherthan而不是ratherthan常用于平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,連接兩個(gè)并列成分,如名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。*ratherthan連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的名詞或代詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。*ratherthan后接不定式時(shí),不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to。但ratherthan位于句首時(shí),則通常接不帶to的不定式?！皩幵缸觥?.而….不愿做……”prefertodo...ratherthando...woulddo...ratherthando...wouldratherdo...thando...這個(gè)男孩寧愿把玩具拆開(kāi)而不愿扔掉。Theboypreferstotakethetoyapartratherthanthrowitaway.=Theboywouldtakethetoyapartratherthanthrowitaway.=Theboywouldrathertakethetoyapartthanthrowitaway.theotherwayaround/round/up相反;顛倒(=intheoppositeorderorposition)(in)onewayoranother/onewayortheother不管怎樣pushone'swaysomewhere硬擠向某處beunderway已經(jīng)開(kāi)始;開(kāi)始上路,出發(fā)makeone’sway行進(jìn)(尤指路途艱難或需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間);(在工作、活動(dòng)、職業(yè)等中)逐步取得成功inthisway這樣,用這種方法bytheway順便說(shuō)alltheway一路上,自始至終ontheway在路上,在途中target.v把......作為目標(biāo)/n.目標(biāo);對(duì)象;靶子anewmagazinethattargetssinglemen以單身男性為讀者群的新雜志betargetedat以......為目標(biāo)setoneselftargets給自己制訂目標(biāo)meet/achieveatarget完成/達(dá)到目標(biāo)atargetarea/audience/group目標(biāo)范圍/觀眾/群體aimatatarget瞄準(zhǔn)靶子hit/missthetarget中/脫靶targetpractice射擊練習(xí)fortunately.adv.幸運(yùn)地→fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的;吉利的→fortunen.運(yùn)氣;大筆的錢(qián)fortunatelyforsb.某人很幸運(yùn)befortunatetodosth.幸運(yùn)地做某事tryone'sfortune碰運(yùn)氣seekone'sfortune外出尋找發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)Itisfortunate(forsb.)that...(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)).....是幸運(yùn)的。10.attitude.n.(尤指通過(guò)行為表現(xiàn)出的對(duì)某事的一般)看法，態(tài)度(attitude后常接toward(s)或to,指“對(duì)….的態(tài)度/看法”)attitudetoward(s)/to…對(duì)...的看法/態(tài)度agood/badattitude良好的/惡劣的態(tài)度apositive/negativeattitude肯定的/否定的態(tài)度afriendly/relaxedattitude友好的/輕松的態(tài)度have/takeapositiveattitudetoward(s)/to對(duì).....有積極的態(tài)度changeone’sattitude改變態(tài)度anattitudeofmind心態(tài)問(wèn)題Attitudeiseverything.態(tài)度決定一切。重點(diǎn)詞匯1.Peoplehavealwaysbeenscaredofsharks,butJawsmadethingsworse.人們一直都恐懼鯊魚(yú),但《大白鯊》令事情變得更糟糕?！驹~匯精講】句中的scared是形容詞,意為“害怕的,恐懼的”。2.Finningisatypeoffishingwheresharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.生切魚(yú)鰭是一種鯊魚(yú)被捕獲、魚(yú)鰭被切斷的捕魚(yú)方式。【詞匯精講】cutoff在句中意為“切斷,切掉;剪下”,此外,還有“中斷;隔離;隔絕”之意。3.Today,aswelearnmoreaboutsharks,morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfromextinction.今天,隨著對(duì)鯊魚(yú)了解得更多,越來(lái)越多的人都想保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕?！驹~匯精講】extinction是名詞,意為“滅絕,絕種”。4.pletethechartshowinghowattitudestowardssharkshavechangedwithwordsandexpressionsfromthepassage.用文章中的單詞和短語(yǔ)完成對(duì)鯊魚(yú)態(tài)度變化的圖表?！驹~匯精講】句中的attitude是名詞,意為“態(tài)度,看法”,是可數(shù)名詞。5.Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.有些人因?yàn)楹ε码娪袄锟膳碌纳锒Ｖ乖诤＠镉斡尽?.Itwasanareawherefishermenwerefinning,andtheseafloorwascoveredwithdeadsharks.(教材P63)這是一個(gè)漁民生切魚(yú)鰭的地方,海底布滿(mǎn)了死去的鯊魚(yú)。7.Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevotedtooceanconservation.現(xiàn)在,她是一位致力于海洋保護(hù)的模特和表演藝術(shù)家?！驹~匯精講】devoted在此處是形容詞,意為“專(zhuān)心的;獻(xiàn)身的;全心全意的;忠誠(chéng)的”。8.We’vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我們還看到這些變化引起的干旱和洪水,影響下游供水?！驹~匯精講】句中的supply是名詞,意為“供應(yīng)”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“補(bǔ)給品,供應(yīng)(量)”,作動(dòng)詞,意為“供給,供應(yīng)”。9.Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts...選擇可重復(fù)使用的產(chǎn)品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)……【詞匯精講】reduce是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“減少,降低”。10.Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone...禮貌地打斷通常被理解為請(qǐng)求允許打斷某人……【詞匯精講】permission是名詞,意為“允許,許可”。11.Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.你使用的能量越少,二氧化碳的釋放就越少。12.However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而,制造一個(gè)紙袋所需的能量是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的四倍,所需的水是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的三倍?！驹~匯精講】amount是名詞,意為“數(shù)量,數(shù)額,金額”。13.Iturgespeopletosavefoodbynotwastinganythingonthediningtable.它敦促人們節(jié)約食物,不要在餐桌上浪費(fèi)任何東西?！驹~匯精講】urge是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“敦促,強(qiáng)烈要求,竭力主張”。14.Lookatthethreeitemsthatcontributetoacarbonfootprint.觀察造成碳足跡的三個(gè)項(xiàng)目?！驹~匯精講】句中的contribute是動(dòng)詞,意為“促成,造成(某事發(fā)生)”,contribute還可表示“捐獻(xiàn),捐助,貢獻(xiàn)”等。15.Theaveragescoreofourgroupis…我們組的平均分?jǐn)?shù)是……【詞匯精講】average作形容詞,意為“平均(數(shù))的;正常的;普通的”,作名詞,意為“平均數(shù);平均水平”。16.However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而,制造一個(gè)紙袋所需的能量是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的四倍,所需的水是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的三倍。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法第一步：?jiǎn)卧季S導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)第二步：?jiǎn)卧仉y知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。其主要用于以下兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于感官動(dòng)詞后，如see，watch，hear，feel，smell，find，listento，lookat，notice，observe等。注意：感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，hear，observe等后跟doing作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；后跟do作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程?！sIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí)，我看見(jiàn)他的腿在空中亂踢，喘著粗氣?！oyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?你聽(tīng)得到有人在呼救嗎？位于使役動(dòng)詞后，如keep，have，get，leave，set，catch等?！heyuseputerstokeepthetrafficrunningsmoothly.他們使用電腦來(lái)保持交通暢通。·Hehadthefireburningallthenight.他讓火燃燒了一夜。·Wegotthelawnmowerworkingagaineventually.我們最終又讓割草機(jī)開(kāi)始工作了。2.過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是感官動(dòng)詞，另一類(lèi)是使役動(dòng)詞。在高中階段學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況通常有以下幾種：用于表示某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的賓語(yǔ)后面?！heguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouchedbecausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.客人們沒(méi)有動(dòng)大部分的菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來(lái)不好吃?！癶ave/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”表示“使某事被做（讓別人做或主語(yǔ)自己做）”或“遭遇某種