新概念英語第三冊名詞性從句課件

名詞性從句

Nounclause名詞性從句的概述主語從句賓語從句同位語從句表語從句名詞性從句

概述名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1.名詞性從句的定義類別詞義在從句中的作用從屬連詞that無任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何句子成分從屬連詞whether和if意為“是否”，表明從句意義的不確定性起連接作用，在從句中補充當任何句子成分關系代詞

who,whom,what,which,whose,whomever,whatever,whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當主，表，

賓，定語等關系副詞

when,where,why,how,however,wherever,whenever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當狀語2.名詞性從句的連接詞(1)that

本身無意義，引導單一的賓語從句時that常可省略，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不能省略。(2)介詞后的連詞。(3)引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.(4)在從句中做成分的連詞.3.連接詞使用主語從句在復合句中充當主語成分的句子SubjectClause1.主語從句通常由下列詞來引導：(1)從屬連詞that、whether,if(是否)①

Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.②

Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.③Whichcardoyoulikedoesn'tmattertome.④Whatevershedidwasright.⑤Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.⑥

Whomhewillworkwithisstillasecret.2）連接代詞what(什么)、who(誰)、which(哪個）、whatever(無論什么)、whoever(無論誰)、whom、whichever(無論哪個),whose等；3)連接副詞how(怎樣)、when(什么時候)、where(哪里)、why(為什么)等。①

Whereherbirthdaypartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.②How

Isolvethisproblemdependsonyourattitude.③Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.④WhentheywillgotoAmericahasnotbeendecidedyet.2.it形式主語為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用“it”代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把真正的主語從句置于句末。Itisclearthatheisanhonestman.Itshocksmethathefailedinthisexam.（1）Itbe

+名詞+that從句①

It'sagreatpity

(thattheydidn'tgetmarried).②

It'sagoodthing

(thatyouwereinsured).③

Itisasurprise

(thathecaneatthreeeggsinaminute).④

Itisamiracle(thatthecatsurvivedfromtheaccident).⑤

Itisashameforhim(thathecan'tenterthefinal).（2）It+be+形容詞+that-從句It’simpossible/

possible/probable/

important/

necessary/

fortunate/

certain/

clear/

obvious

/

likely/

natural/strange/true/surprising/funny...that…①

It'ssplendid

(thatyoupassedyourexam).②

It'sstrange

(thattherearenolightson).③

Itistrue(thathewonthematch).④

Itwassurprising(thatshepassedthedifficultexam).(3)It+be+過去分詞+that-從句It’ssaid/

reported/

believed/

thought/

announced/

decided/

knowntoall/

mustbepointedout/

mustbeadmitted...that…ItisreportedthatthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.It’sannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.It’sknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(4)It+不及物動詞(短語）(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turnout)+that從句……①

Itseemsthatyouobjecttheplan.②

IthappenedthatIhadbeenoutwhenhecalled.③

Ithasjustoccuredtomethatthereisstillanotherpossibilitytoensureapromptdeliveryofthegoods.④

Itturnedoutthatthismethoddoesn'tworkwell.*常將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.*seem的五種用法①.sbseems(tobe)+adj./n./prep.Sheseems(tobe)quitehappy.Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday.②.sbseemstodoSheseemstoknowthesecret.Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.③.itseemsthat…Itseemsthatsheisquitehappy.ItseemstobeyearssinceIlastsawyou.④.sb/sthseemsasif….Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Heseemsasifhehasknownthenews.⑤.thereseem(s)tobe…Thereseemstobeasmallpineonthetopofthehill.Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.*it為形式主語，that引導真正主語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在形容詞為:natural/important/necessary/strange/

essential/dispensable/vital/imperative等時,that引導的從句中的謂語動詞形式常用

（should)+動詞原形表示。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.Itisvital

thateverystudent(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.Itisimportantthateveryone(should)bepresentatthemeetingontime(2)

如果過去分詞或名詞是suggested/

ordered/

required/

advised/

requested/

insisted/demanded/requirement/suggestion/order

/proposal

等表示建議、要求、命令等詞時，that引導的從句應該用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的結構為：（should）+動詞原形。It'ssuggestedthatstudents(should)maketheirbedbythemselves.

It’srequiredthatstudents(should)haveaphysicalexaminationbeforeenteringtheschool.Itismyproposalthathe(should)

besenttostudyfurtherabroad.3.主語從句的主謂一致問題(1)單個的主語從句作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Whenhewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.Howandwhyhecametothelonelysmallislandisstillamystery.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.(2)what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞單復數(shù)可由表語來決定。

Whatweneedare

womenworkers.

Whatweneedis

moretimeandmoney.3.主語從句的主謂一致問題賓語從句復合從句中充當賓語成分的句子ObjectClause01定義與分類1.賓語從句的定義在復合句中，置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。

賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。簡單句

Iknowhim復合句Iknowwhoheis↑↑↑↓主語謂語賓語↓主句賓語從句Imustsaythatyouhavegoodtaste.Idon’tunderstandwhathewantstoexpress.Don’tyouknowthatMarywillgotoShanghainextweek?Ihaveheard

thathehasbeenmarriedbefore.I'llask

ifit'sallrighttoparkhere.(2)有些形容詞后也可以帶有賓語從句,比如：afraid，

sure,anxious，aware，certain，confident，glad，proud，sorry等I’mafraidthatyoucan’tfindhiminthatpark.Wearenot

surewhether/ifwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.Ifeltabsolutelycertain

thatI'dseenherbefore.Wearepleasedthattheproblemshavebeenresolved.*當besure引導主句是肯定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用that;當besure引導的主句是否定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if.①一般介詞后只跟wh-詞引導的賓語從句（即特殊疑問詞、特殊疑問詞-ever以及whether）Iamsurprisedat

whathesaid.Thenewbookisabouthowthemannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.Hewasnotconsciousof

whatabigmistakehehadmade.Itdependson

whatyouchooseandhowmanyyouwant.②介詞后如果接that從句，要先加上it,再加that從句，即“介詞+it+that…”結構。

Youmaydependonit

thattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)Youcanrelyonit

thatIwillkeepyoursecret.(3)賓語從句也可以跟著介詞后面③介詞except(除了),but,besides及in后可接that從句(that不可省略)。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.Thisessayisgoodexcept/butthatthehandwritinglooksabitterrible.IwasluckyinthatIwasabletofindagoodjob.Itisnotagoodplantforyourgarden

inthatitsseedsarepoisonous.1）.由連接詞

that

引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，引導并列句時，that不可省略。2.1由從屬連詞引導的賓語從句02.連接詞(2).當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導（口語中常用if），因為if/whether翻譯成:“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershewantstogooutsideornot.用

who、whom、what、which、whose、whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever

等引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。Iwanttoknow

whathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.Iamsocuriousaboutwhichcountryyouwanttolivein.

Iwonderwhoisresponsiblefortheaccident.由連接代詞引導的賓語從句由連接副詞引導的賓語從句where,when,why,how等連接副詞引導賓語從句，也要陳述句的語序。Doyouknowwherehelives?Pleaseletmeknowhowyouwillsolvethisproblem.Theydidn’ttellmewhenthepartystarted.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?02時態(tài)問題2.1如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）2.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）2.3當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.3.it做形式賓語，將真正賓語從句后置的情況(1).動詞

find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that引導的賓語從句后置.“主語+動詞+it+賓語補足語+that從句...

”Ithink

itnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.He

felt

itdifficultthatAlicefinishsomuchworkinoneday.Machinesmake

itpossiblethatpeopledomoreworkwithlessenergy.(3)用于“動詞+介詞（短語）+it+that從句”，常見于answerfor(保證),dependon,relyon,insiston(堅持，強調(diào)),lookto(寄望),seeto(保證),stickto(堅持),counton(指望)等結構中。Youmaydependon

it

thatTomwillhelpyouwithyourEnglish.Ican’tanswerfor

it

thathewillhelpyou.Youcancountonit

thatheisverysmart.Youshouldseeto

itthatsuchthingswon'thappen.(4)用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中.Keepitinmindthatyouhavetobehomebyteno’clock.He

took

it

forgranted

thathewouldbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.4.名詞性從句的注意事項4.1用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時，常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后引導賓語從句，不過在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if

。

(4)引導介詞賓語時,

只能用whether；Hisfatherisworriedabout

whetherhelosehiswork.I'mthinkingabout

whetherIshouldquitmypresentjob.Everythingdependson

whetherwehaveenoughmoney.(5)if與whether都可以與ornot連用，但后面緊跟著ornot時只能用whether；Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.（此時只能用whether）Iwonderwhether/ifthenewsistrueornot.（此時則二者都可以用）(6)在不定式前只能用whetherIdidn’tdecidewhethertogoornot.①當一個謂語動詞帶兩個或兩個以上的that引導的賓語從句時,第一個可以省后幾個不能省略.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingand

that(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.②that賓語從句的狀語部分位于從句之前時.Ipromisedthatifanyonecouldsetmefree,Iwouldmakehimkingovertheearth.③賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時.Theoldladythenexplained

thatwhatshewaslookingforwasapairofglovesforagirl.賓語從句中that不能省略的9種情況

④有間接賓語時Hetoldme

thathewasleavingforJapan.⑤在“it(形式賓語)+補語”之后時Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.⑥賓語從句與動詞被其他詞,插入語或從句隔開時Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.Wehope,onthecontrary,

thathewillstayathomewithus.

WhenhegottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwastoolimited.⑦that從句單獨回答問題時?！猈hatdidhehear?—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.⑧that引導的從句位于句首時Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.⑨在except,but,in等介詞后,其它一些介詞的賓語從句,如由連詞that引導,則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語HehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuchSeetoitthatchildrendon’tcatchcold.DACDD表語從句在復合句中，位于系動詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。PredicativeClause01定義與結構ThisisagardenwherehestayedThisis↑↓↑↑主語表語系動詞表語從句簡單句復合句在復合句中，位于系動詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于系動詞后，有時用asif引導。主語+連系動詞+句子作表語（表語從句）(1).that引導表語從句，無詞義，只起連接作用，不可省。(2).系動詞可為be,

look,

seem,

sound,

appear等。(3).主語可為名詞fact,

truth,

cause,

question,

explanation,

trouble,

assumption,

belief等，代詞this,

that,

these,

it等。2.構成要素3.連接詞(1)由從屬連詞that,whether引導的表語從句,that不可省略Theproblemis

thatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Whatimpressedmemost

isthathewasnotafraidofdifficulties.Allshe'sworriedaboutiswhether

heisallright.翻譯：Thequestion

iswhetheryouwillsupportme.1.問題在于你是否會支持我。2.他的意思是你應該把門打開。Whathemeansisthatyoushouldopenthedoor.(2)由關系代詞who,whom,which,what,whose等引導的表語從句。WhatIwanttoknowis

whichroadweshouldtake.Thequestionis

whoshouldberesponsibleforthisaccident.Thisis

whatIwanttoexpress.WhatIwanttoknowiswhosewallethasbeenlost.我想知道誰的錢包丟了(3)由關系副詞when,where,why,how等引導的表語從句.Thatis

where

Ican’tagreewithyou.Thequestion

iswhyhecamehere.AllIwanttoknowishowheimproveshisspokenEnglish.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.醫(yī)院在這Thisiswherethehospitalis.問題是他怎么知道答案的Theproblemishowheknowstheanswer.4.表語從句的特殊引導詞because,why,asif/though及句型thereasonwhy/

for…

isthat…ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.ThatiswhyIfailedtheexam.Itlooksasif

itisgoingtorain.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthat

hedidn’tworkhard.Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing.“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型，意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語，該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進行總結。ThatiswhyIcamehere.Thatiswhyyoucanfindthecatinthebox.*補充：(1）“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義，只不過從語法結構上講，“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導的是—個定語從句，將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結構一樣

。Thatis(thereason)

whyIcannotagree.Thatis(thereason)whyhepaysmoreattentiontoEnglisheducation.That's(thereason)whyI'msohappytogotothemovieswithhim.(2）“Thatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由，“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.

Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.前面是結果，后面是原因前面是原因，后面是結果1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,

andthisis____Idisagree.A.why

B.where

C.when

D.how2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.why

B.when

C.what

D.where3.____shecouldnn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why

B.That;what

C.What;because

D.Why;thatmadetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;because

B.What;that

C.That;what

D.That;because練一練BAAB同位語從句同位語從句指在復合句中充當同位語的從句appositiveclause01.同位語從句的定義同位語從句用來對其前面的抽象名詞進行解釋說明（即被解釋說明的詞=同位語)。同位語從句即重復說明同一個稱謂或事件的從句。(1)同位語從句一般跟在抽象名詞fact,idea,news,word,rumor,hope,belief,thought，truth,theory,doubt,suggestion,proposal,possibility,warning,instruction,reason,information,message,story,question,order,demand,wish,doubt,statement等之后，對這些名詞的具體內(nèi)容進行說明或解釋。02.同位語從句的用法Weheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.Theywereworriedoverthefact

thatyouweresick.

The

message

thatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowissenttothem.

The

questionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.【注意1】在某些名詞，如：demand,

suggestion,

requirement,wish,resolution,proposal等

詞后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，即同位語從句的謂語動詞形式為“should+動詞原型”（should可省略）

TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.Yourrequirement

thatsheshouldwaittillnextweekisreasonable.Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried(2)引導同位語從句的詞除連詞that,whether外，還有連接代詞what,which,who,以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等。（注：if

不能引導同位語從句。）有時同位語從句能夠和同位的名詞分開.Thestorygoes

thathebeatshiswife.

Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.Reporthasit

thattheSmithsareleavingtown.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.03.分離同位語從句04.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1.從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等有必須內(nèi)涵的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞能夠是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個主句。Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.Thedoctor