2024年上半年教師資格證《初中英語》真題及答案

2024年上半年教師資格證《初中英語》真題及答案[單選題]1.Whichofthefollowingwordshouldbestressedintheunderlinedsentence（江南博哥）?-Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?-It’saninterestingfilm.-Whatdoyoumean?-Ilikethefilmverymuch.Thestoryisgood.Theactorsarewonderful.A.itB.isC.interestingD.film正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查重音。題干意為：劃線句子中的哪個單詞需要重讀？一般來說，英語中的實詞（包括名詞、實義動詞、形容詞、副詞、一部分代詞、數(shù)詞）和感嘆詞等要重讀，虛詞（冠詞、介詞、連詞、大多數(shù)代詞和非實義動詞）要弱讀。畫線句子中，interesting為形容詞，屬于實詞，且本句話為答語，重點強調(diào)電影是“有趣的”，因此，interesting需要重讀。C項正確。A、B、D三項：均需弱讀，與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]2.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectpronunciationoftheEnglishword“politician”？A./?p?l?t??(?)n/B./p??l?t??(?)n/C./?p?l??t??(?)n/D./?p?l?t???(?)n/正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查單詞音標。題干意為：下列哪個選項正確顯示了英語單詞“politician”的發(fā)音？以sion/tion/cian/ic/ious/ient/ial/ia/ish結尾的單詞，其重音往往在倒數(shù)第二個音節(jié)。因此，單詞politician的音標應為/?p?l?'t??(?)n/。C項正確。A、B、D三項：重音位置不符。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]3.Shestayedawayfromthewindow______anyoneseeher.A.unlessB.lestC.providedD.if正確答案：B參考解析：本題考查目的狀語從句。題干意為：她遠離窗戶______有人可以看見她。根據(jù)句意可知，她遠離窗戶的目的是“防止別人看見”，B項lest意為“唯恐，以免，生怕”，引導目的狀語從句，符合句意。B項正確。A項：unless意為“除非”，引導條件狀語從句。與題干不符，排除。C項：provided意為“假設”，引導條件狀語從句。與題干不符，排除。D項：if意為“如果”，引導條件狀語從句。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為B。[單選題]4.-Iwonderifyoucouldgowithmetothecinema.-Sorry.I______myreportallthemorningandhaven’tfinishedyet.A.writeB.waswritingC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查動詞時態(tài)。題干意為“——我想知道你是否能陪我去看電影。——抱歉。我整個上午都在寫我的報告，到現(xiàn)在還沒有完成”。本題的關鍵詞是allthemorning（整個上午）。根據(jù)句意可知，答者整個上午一直都在寫報告，且該動作沒有完成，還要持續(xù)下去。故應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。D項正確。A項：一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用。與題干不符，排除。B項：過去進行時，表示過去的某個時刻或某個階段正在進行的動作。與題干不符，排除。C項：現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結果。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為D。[單選題]5.-Thatmustbeamistake.-No,it______be.I’veconsultedthedictionary.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t正確答案：B參考解析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞。題干意為：——這一定是個錯誤?！?，它______。我查字典了。根據(jù)句意可知，后文解釋為“已經(jīng)查過字典了”，因此此處是對上文“這是一個錯誤”的否定答復，B項can’t表示否定，意為“不可能”，B項正確。A項：mustn’t意為“禁止”。與題干不符，排除。C項：needn’t意為“不需要”。與題干不符，排除。D項：wouldn’t意為“不會，不愿意”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為B。[單選題]6.Peterpaidthethird______onhiscar,sothefirmsenthimareminder.A.settlementB.premiumC.installmentD.debt正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。題干意為：彼得付了汽車的第三期______，所以公司給他發(fā)了一個提醒。根據(jù)語境可知，此處強調(diào)彼得支付車子的第三筆“分期付款”。installment意為“分期付款”。C項正確。A項：settlement意為“（解決爭端的）協(xié)議，和解；定居點，聚居地；結算，清賬”。與題干不符，排除。B項：premium意為“保險費；（正常價格或費用以外的）加付款，加價”。與題干不符，排除。D項：debt意為“欠款，債務；負債情況”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]7.Mr.Lamwantedto****popularrestaurant,sohe______onebytelephone.A.maintainedB.preservedC.retainedD.reserved正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查動詞詞義辨析。題干意為：蘭莫先生想要在一家受歡迎的餐廳訂一桌，所以他打電話______了一個。（此處題目未收集完整，可猜測大概意思，不影響作答）根據(jù)“popularrestaurant”可知，因為飯店很火爆，所以需要提前打電話進行“預訂”，D項reserved意為“預訂，預約；保留”，符合題意。D項正確。A項：maintained意為“保持；維護，維修”，指保持原樣，不增不減，某種狀態(tài)維持在一定程度上。與題干不符，排除。B項：preserved意為“保存，保護”，側重將物品完好無損地保存下來。與題干不符，排除。C項：retained意為“保留；保存”，繼續(xù)保持。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為D。[單選題]8.Marycountedthechairsintheclassroomandfoundthattherewere42______.A.altogetherB.insumC.alltogetherD.entirely正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查副詞的用法。題干意為：瑪麗數(shù)了數(shù)教室里的椅子，發(fā)現(xiàn)______有42把。根據(jù)句意可知，表明教室內(nèi)的椅子數(shù)量“總計”為42把。A項altogether作副詞，意為“總計，總共，完全地，（表示總數(shù)或總額）一共”，A項正確。B項：insum意為“總之，總而言之”，一般用于總結。與題干不符，排除。C項：alltogether意為“一起，同時，共同”，表示全部在同一地方或同一時間。與題干不符，排除。D項：entirely意為“完全地，完整地，全部地”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。[單選題]9.Theword“OPEC”isanexampleof______.A.acronymB.blendingC.coinageD.clipping正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查首字母縮略法。題干意為：單詞OPEC是一個______的例子。單詞OPEC全稱為OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries，意為“石油輸出國組織”，是由各單詞中的重要成分的開頭字母組成的。A項acronym意為“首字母縮略法”，與首字母連寫詞的不同之處在于，這種詞在發(fā)音上作為一個單詞來讀，而不能逐個字母來讀。因此OPEC運用的構詞法是“首字母縮略法”，A項正確。B項：blending意為“混成法”，是一種相對復雜的復合形式，兩個單詞要通過連接第一個單詞的開頭部分和第二個單詞的最后部分混成一個新的單詞。如smoke+fog→smog（煙霧）。與題干不符，排除。C項：coinage意為“新創(chuàng)詞”。與題干不符，排除。D項：clipping意為“截短法”，是縮略或截取單詞的一部分字母，主要以截取單詞的詞尾、詞首、詞腰為主。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。[單選題]10.Thesenserelationbetween“SamisthehusbandofSally”and“SallyisthewifeofSam”is______.A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.synonymy正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查同義關系。題干意為：“Sam是Sally的丈夫”和“Sally是Sam的妻子”之間的意義關系是______？兩句話表達的是同一個含義，D項synonymy意為“同義關系”，指意義上的相同或相近。D項正確。A項：polysemy意為“一詞多義”。與題干不符，排除。B項：hyponymy意為“上下義關系”，上下義關系是指種類和成員間的關系。與題干不符，排除。C項：antonymy意為“反義關系”，反義關系是指意義上的相反。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為D。[單選題]11.No______isencouragedintheDirectMethod,asthemethodassertsthatmeaningistobeconnecteddirectlywiththetargetlanguage.A.grammarexplanationB.translationC.errorcorrectionD.drilling正確答案：B參考解析：本題考查直接法。題干意為：直接法不提倡_____，因為該方法主張將意義與目標語言直接聯(lián)系。直接法是指直接教外語的方法，利用外語本身進行會話、交談和閱讀，以達到教授外語的目的，基本不用母語，不用翻譯和形式語法，因此不需要翻譯。B項正確。A項：grammarexplanation意為“語法解釋”。與題干不符，排除。C項：errorcorrection意為“糾錯”。與題干不符，排除。D項：drilling意為“練習”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為B。[單選題]12.“Knowingaword”meansknowingnotonlythemeaningofaword,itspartofspeech,wordfamilyandassociations,butalso______.A.itsgrammaticalcategoryB.itssemanticlinksC.itssemantictypologyD.itscollocations正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查詞匯教學。題干意為：“認識一個單詞”意味著不僅要知道這個單詞的詞義、詞性、詞群、聯(lián)想等，還需要知道______。collocations意為“搭配”。根據(jù)詞匯教學策略，不僅要教單詞的“音”、“形”“義”、“用”，還需要在詞組語塊中教學英語單詞，引導學生關注詞語的搭配和固定表達方式。D項正確。A項：grammaticalcategory意為“語法范疇”。與題干不符，排除。B項：semanticlinks意為“語義聯(lián)系”，。與題干不符，排除。C項：semantictypology意為“語義類型”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為D。[單選題]13.Whenteaching“givesomebodysomething”and“givesomethingtosomebody”,theteacherasksstudentstofindouttherulesbycomparingexamples,thisisacaseof______.A.inductiveteachingB.deductiveteachingC.content-basedteachingD.project-basedteaching正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查教學方法。題干意為：在教授“givesomebodysomething”和“givesomethingtosomebody”兩個短語時，教師讓學生通過對比例句找出規(guī)則。這是一個______例子。inductiveteaching意為“歸納教學法”。從例子到規(guī)則，從特殊到一般，是歸納法的典型特征。A項正確。B項：deductiveteaching意為“演繹教學法”，指的是老師先講規(guī)則，然后再給同學各種各樣的例子進行操練。與題干不符，排除。C項：content-basedteaching意為“內(nèi)容教學法”，通過學生學習特定領域的內(nèi)容來提高他們的語言能力。注重以內(nèi)容為中心，將語言作為工具，幫助學生掌握知識、技能和語言能力。核心理念是學習語言與學習內(nèi)容相結合，通過學習內(nèi)容來提高語言技能。與題干不符，排除。D項：project-basedteaching意為“項目教學法”，在老師的指導下，將一個相對獨立的項目交由學生自己處理，信息的收集、方案的設計、項目實施及最終評價，都由學生自己負責，學生通過該項目的進行，了解并把握整個過程及每一個環(huán)節(jié)中的基本要求。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。[單選題]14.Inteachinglistening,schema-activatingshouldbedone______.A.beforelisteningB.whilelisteningC.afterlisteningD.throughlistening正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查聽力技能教學。題干意為：在聽力教學中，激活圖式應在______環(huán)節(jié)進行。激活圖式指的是通過激活學生舊知識架構找出新舊知識的聯(lián)系點，建立新的知識架構，是以學生為主體的新教學思路。通常放在pre-reading或pre-listening環(huán)節(jié)。A項正確。B項：whilelistening意為“聽中階段”，主要是技能提升和材料理解，包含泛聽大意（Extensivelistening）和精聽細節(jié)（Intensivelistening）。與題干不符，排除。C項：afterlistening意為“聽后階段”，主要是語言運用，包含小組對話、角色扮演和辯論等活動。與題干不符，排除。D項：throughlistening意為“通過聽力”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。[單選題]15.Whenateachersays“Whatelsecanyoufindinthistext?”,he/sheismostprobably______.A.correctingstudents’mistakesB.givingstudents’feedbackC.invitingstudents’commentsD.elicitingstudents’responses正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查教學實施。題干意為：當教師說：“你在這篇課文里還能找到什么？”時，他/她大概是在______。elicitingstudents’responses意為“引導學生回答”。該問題能激發(fā)學生思考，從而給出回應。D項正確。A項：correctingstudentsmistakes意為“糾正學生錯誤”。與題干不符，排除。B項：givingstudentsfeedback意為“給予學生反饋”。與題干不符，排除。C項：invitingstudentscomments意為“邀請學生評價”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為D。[單選題]16.Languageismorelikelytobeacquiredwhenmorethanonesenseisinvolved.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmostprobablyinvolvesvisual,auralandkinestheticprocesses?A.writingapassageB.seeingafilmC.performingaplayD.listeningtoatape正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查語言和語言習得。題干意為“當涉及一種以上的感覺時，語言更有可能被習得。以下哪一項活動最可能涉及視覺、聽覺和動覺過程”。Performingaplay意為“演一出戲”，“表演”這一行為顯然涉及視覺、聽覺和動覺過程。C項正確。A項：writingapassage意為“寫文章”。與題干不符，排除。B項：seeingafilm意為“看電影”。與題干不符，排除。D項：listeningtoatape意為“聽錄音”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]17.Whenateacherasksthestudentstoreadthetextandsortoutthefactsandopinions,themainpurposeistodevelopstudents’______.A.thinkingabilityB.culturalawarenessC.linguisticabilityD.discourseawareness正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查教學活動。題干意為：教師要求學生閱讀課文并整理事實和觀點時，主要目的是培養(yǎng)學生的______。linguisticability意為“語言能力”。在閱讀課上，為了培養(yǎng)學生的語言能力，可以設計梳理主旨大意、重要細節(jié)信息等活動。C項正確。A項：thinkingability意為“思維品質(zhì)”。與題干不符，排除。B項：culturalawareness意為“文化意識”。與題干不符，排除。D項：discourseawareness意為“語篇意識”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]18.Intask-basedlanguageteaching,textbookunitsarecompiledprimarilyaround______.A.skillsB.grammarC.functionsD.topics正確答案：C參考解析：題干意為：在任務型語言教學中，教材單元主要圍繞______來編寫的。在任務型語言教學（Task-BasedLanguageTeaching,TBLT）中，教學的重點是讓學生在完成實際任務的過程中學習和使用語言。這種教學方法強調(diào)語言的實際運用和交際能力，而不僅僅是語法規(guī)則或語言知識。根據(jù)這一理念，教材單元通常圍繞具體的任務或活動來組織，這些任務旨在幫助學生實現(xiàn)特定的交際功能，如請求、道歉、建議等。這些功能是通過語言的使用來實現(xiàn)的，而不是僅僅學習語言的形式或結構。因此，在任務型語言教學中，教材單元主要是圍繞功能（functions）來編寫的，以便讓學生在完成實際任務的過程中學習和運用語言。C項functions意為“功能”。C項正確。A項：skills意為“技能”。與題干不符，排除。B項：grammar意為“語法”。與題干不符，排除。D項：topics意為“話題”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[單選題]19.Whenateacherguidesstudentstomakeawritingplan,writeadraft,andthenevaluateandrevisethedraftbeforesubmittingthefinalversion,he/shetriestodevelopstudents’______strategy.A.cognitiveB.metacognitiveC.communicativeD.resource正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查學習策略。題干意為：教師指導學生制定寫作計劃，寫草稿，然后在提交最終版本之前對草稿進行評估和修改時，他/她是在培養(yǎng)學生的______策略。cognitive意為“認知的”。認知策略指學生為了完成具體語言學習活動而采取的步驟和方法。上述一系列活動側重學生對信息加工和整理，屬于認知策略。A項正確。B項：metacognitive意為“元認知”。元認知策略指學生為了提高英語學習效率，計劃、監(jiān)控、評價、反思和調(diào)整學習過程或?qū)W習結果的策略；與題干不符，排除。C項：communicative意為“交際的”，交際策略指學生為了爭取更多的交際機會、維持交際以及提高交際效果而采取的策略。與題干不符，排除。D項：resource意為“資源”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。[單選題]20.Attheendofaterm,teacherswouldgivestudentsatesttoseehowwelltheyhavelearnedthelanguageandskillstaughtinclass.Suchatestiscalleda(n)______.A.proficiencytestB.diagnostictestC.achievementtestD.placementtest.正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查成績測試。題干意為：在學期結束時，老師會給學生們進行測試，看看他們對課堂上教授的語言和技能掌握得如何。這樣的測試稱為______。achievementtest意為“成績測試”，旨在了解一段時間內(nèi)學生對所學內(nèi)容的掌握情況，以便對學生的學習成績作出評定。測試的內(nèi)容即為該階段所學內(nèi)容。例如，學校的期中考試、期末考試。C項正確。A項：proficiencytest意為“水平測試”，旨在評價學生現(xiàn)有的語言水平能否達到勝任某一新的學習任務或工作的程度。水平測試的區(qū)分度較高，能夠區(qū)分不同水平的學生。例如，TOEFL（托福）、CET（全國大學英語四、六級考試）都屬于水平測試的范疇。與題干不符，排除。B項：diagnostictest意為“診斷測試”，旨在診斷和分析學生在學習過程中存在的問題，了解學生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，以便更好地設計和完善教學活動。診斷測試的成績一般不用來衡量和評估學生的學習水平。教學過程中的單元測試、項目測試都是這類測試。與題干不符，排除。D項：placementtest意為“分級測試”，分級考試是一種綜合性的英語水平測試及心理測試項目，一般用于分班測試，用來對學生的學習水平進行快速評估，為學生選擇一個適當?shù)膶W習起點。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。[問答題]1.一學生在英語課堂練習活動中說“ShesaidmeIwaslate”請針對該句中的錯誤，寫出兩種糾錯方式（8分，用國家通用語言文字作答），并寫出相應的教師話語（6分，用英文作答）及目的。（6分，用國家通用語言文字作答）。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：針對題干中學生出現(xiàn)的錯誤，教師可以采用直接糾錯和間接糾錯兩種方式。（1）直接糾錯是指學習者出現(xiàn)錯誤時，教師打斷其語言訓練或?qū)嵺`活動，對其錯誤予以正面糾正（說出正確的語言形式，并讓學生改正）。這種糾錯方式常用于旨在讓學生掌握正確的語言形式而進行的機械操練或側重于語言精確輸出的各種練習中。在本節(jié)課中，教師直接糾錯時使用的課堂用語可以是：Youshouldsay“ShetoldmethatIwaslate”.Readafterme,please.目的：關注學生語言表達形式的準確性，旨在幫助學生進行精確的語言輸出；由教師直接說出正確的語言形式，可以清晰明確地對學生的錯誤進行糾正，糾錯效率高。（2）使用間接糾錯時，教師可以先對學生的回答進行正面鼓勵，然后通過重復學生的話，對語言表達中的錯誤進行含蓄糾正，間接展示出正確答案，引導學生發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤并改正。在本節(jié)課中，教師可以在學生回答之后進行恰當?shù)囊龑В篏oodanswer!Shetoldyouthatyouwerelate.Sowhatdidshesay?目的：教師不直接指出錯誤，而是通過部分肯定之后的含蓄糾正，引導學生說出正確答案，既保護了學生的自尊心，不打擊學生學習的積極性，又達到了很好的糾錯效果。[問答題]2.設計任務：根據(jù)學生信息和語言素材，設計一節(jié)英語寫作課教學方案，教案沒有固定格式，但需要含下列要點：①Teachingobjectives②Teachingcontents③Keyanddifficultpoints④Majorstepsandtimeallocation⑤Activitiesandjustifications教學時間：40分鐘學生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學九年級（初三）學生，班級人數(shù)40，多數(shù)學生已達到義務教育英語課程標準的相應水平。學生積極參與積極性一般。語言素材：Readthee-mailfromFranandwriteareply.Subject:Canyouhelp?From:FranDearknowledgeable,Mybestfriend,Mei,hasaproblem.ThereisareallyimportantEnglishspeechcontestforourwholecitynextmonth.Ourclassmateswanthertorepresenttheclassintheschoolcontest.Everyoneissureshewillwin.It’sprobablytrue.MeiisverycleverandcanspeakEnglishreallywell.Infact,shealwayscomestopintheschoolexams.Theproblemisthatshe’sveryshy.Shedoesn’twanttoletherfriendsdownbutshe’sterrifiedofspeakinginfrontofotherpeople.She’smyfriend,soshecantellmethatshe’sshy.Butshecan’ttelleveryonethat.Idon’tthinktheywouldbelieveher.Ican’tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.Butyoualwayscomeupwithgoodsolutionstopeople’sproblems.WhatdoyouthinkofIshouldtellMei?WhatdoyouthinkIshouldtelltherestofthestudents?Fran正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：(1)TeachingcontentsThisisanEnglishwritinglessonaboutwritingareplytothegivene-mail.(2)Teachingobjectives①Studentscanunderstandthee-mailandgetimportantinformation.②Studentscangetthestructureofthematerialandwriteareplybasedonthegivene-mailafterdiscussion.③Studentscanhavegoodcharacterofself-confidenceandself-improvement.④Studentscansortoutandsummarizetheinformationinthematerial.⑤Studentswillbewillingtotakepartintheclassroomactivitiesandcooperatewithothergroupmembers.(3)Keyanddifficultpoints①KeypointStudentscanunderstandhowtowriteareply.②DifficultpointStudentscanwriteareplyinalogicalorderandimprovetheirwritingability.(4)MajorstepsStep1Lead-in(3mins)Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteacherwillshowthepictureofane-mailandasksomequestions-“Haveyoueverreceivedane-mail?Canyouwriteareply?”.Somestudentswillbeinvitedtosharetheiranswers.Afterthat,theteacherwillgivecorrespondingcommentsonstudents’answersandshowthetopicofthislesson.(Justification:Thepictureisvividandinteresting,whichcanarousestudents’interestinteachingactivities.Meanwhile,itcanalsointroducethetopictodaynaturally.)Step2Pre-writing(15mins)①LearningaboutthematerialTheteacherwillguidestudentstoreadthematerialtosummarizethetopicofit.Thenstudentswillanswersomequestionsaboutthematerial.Q1:WhydidFranwritethee-mail?Q2:WhatwasMei’sproblem?②StructurelearningStudentswillreadthematerialagaintosummarizethebasicstructure,andtheyshouldpayattentiontothetopicsentences,transitionalwordsandlogicalrelations.③ConceivingthewritingmaterialStudentswillworkingroupstotalkaboutsomeadvicethattheycangiveandwritedowntheideas.Representativesfromeachgroupwillbeinvitedtosharetheirdiscussionresultsusingsomeusefulexpressions.④OutliningTheteacherwillguidestudentstowriteanoutline.Studentsneedtoputtheirideasinorder.(Justification:Throughtheaboveactivities,studentswillbepreparedtowritetheirowncompositions.Theywillknowwhattowriteandhowtowriteit.)Step3While-writing(10mins)DraftingStudentswillwritetheirowncompositions.Theteacherwillwalkaroundtoofferhelpandremindstudentstopayattentiontothespelling,grammar,punctuationandsoon.(Justification:Throughthisactivity,studentswillfinishtheircompositionsandtheirwritingabilitywillbeimproved.)Step4Post-writing(5mins)①Editinga.Self-editingTheteacherwillgivestudentsashorttimetogothroughtheircompositionstocorrectthemistakesinspellingandgrammarb.Peer-editingStudentswillexchangetheircompositionswitheachotherandcorrectthemistakesinspellingandgrammar.Theycanalsomakesuggestionsaboutpolishingtheircompositions.②DisplayingandevaluatingTheteacherwillinvitesomestudentstosharetheircompositionswiththewholeclassandguideotherstudentstoevaluatethesecompositions,andthentheteacherwillmakeaconclusion.(Justification:Throughtheseactivities,studentscanexpressthemselvesmoreexactlyandworkoutbetterideasorexpressions,andtheirwritingskillscanbeimproved.Besides,theywillbemorewillingtosharetheirideasinpublicandlearnfromothers.)Step5Summaryandhomework(7mins)①SummaryStudentsshouldactasanassistantteachertoconcludewhattheyhavelearnedinthisclass,andthentheteacherwillmakeasummary.②Homeworka.Modifythecompositionafterclass.b.SearchtheInternetformoresuggestionsforpeopleintroubleandsharetheminthenextclass.(Justification:Studentscanimprovetheirsummarizingabilityinthisstepandcultivatetheirculturalawarenessandfurtherconsolidatetheirwritingability.)共享題干題Passage2Overthepastdecade,theJapanesefashionchainUniqlohasbecomeamongthemostsuccessfulretailersintheworld.Itssuccessisdueinalargeparttothefactthatithasfoundawaytosellbasicstuffthatisnotonlyaffordablestylishanddurable.Andthere’ssomethingelsethatmakesUniqlodistinctive:ithiresalotofpeople,andspendsalotoftimetrainingthem.WhenthecompanyopeneditsflagshipFifthAvenuestorelastfall,ithiredsixhundredandfiftypeople,andpledgedtohavefourhundredpeopleworkingthereatonetime.Thisisnotthewaymostretailersdobusiness.Thegenerationdogmainrecentdecadeshasbeenthat,inordertocompeteonprice,youneedtokeeplaborcostsdown-hiringasfewworkersasyoucangetawaywithandpayingthemaslittleaspossible.Althoughleannessisgenerallyagoodthinginbusiness.Toomuchcost-cuttingturnsouttobeabadstrategy,notonlyforworkersandcustomersbutalsoforbusinessthemselves.ArecentHarvardBusinessReviewstudybyZeynepTon,andMITprofessor,lookedatfourlow-priceretailers:Costco,TraderJoe’s.Theconvenience-storechainQuikTrip,andaSpanishsupermarketchaincalledMercadona.Thesecompanieshavemuchhigherlaborcoststhattheircompetitors.Theypaytheiremployeesmore;theyhavemorefull-timeworkersandmoresalespeopleonthefloor;andtheyinvestmoreintrainingthem.(AtQuikTrip,evenpart-timeemployeesgetfortyhoursoftraining.)Notsurprisingly,thesestoresarebetterplacestowork.What’smoresurprisingisthattheyhavemoreprofitablethanmostoftheircompetitorsandhavemoresalesperemployeeandpersquarefoot.Thebigchallengeistomakesurethatthepeoplecomingintothestoreactuallybuystuffandresearchsuggeststhatnotscrimpingonpayrolliscrucial.InastudypublishedattheWhartonSchool,MarshallFisher,JayanthKrishnan,andSergueiNetessinelookedatdetailedsalesdatafromaretailerwithmorethanfivehundredstores,andfoundthateverydollarinadditionalpayrollledtosomewherebetweenfourandtwenty-eightdollarsinnewsales.Storesthatwereunderstaffedtobeginwithbenefitedmore,storesthatwereclosetofullystaffedbenefittedlessbut,inallcases,spendingmoreonworkerslettohighersales.Astudylastyearofabigapparelchainfoundthatincreasingthenumberofpeopleworkinginstoresledtoasignificantincreaseinsalesatthosestores.Thereasonsforthisaren’thardtodivine.AsFisher,Krishman,andNetessineshow,customers’needsareprettysimple:theywanttobeabletofindproductsandhelpfulsalespeopleeasily;andtheywanttoavoidlongcheckoutlines.Forawell-staffedstore,that’snoproblem,butifyoudon’thaveenoughpeopleonthefloor,oriftheyaren’twelltrained,customerscaneasilylosepatience.Oneofthebiggestproblemsretailershaveiswhatiscalleda“Phantomstock-out.”That’swhenaproductisinthestorebutcan’tbefound.Worker-friendlyretailerswithmoreemployeeshavefewerphantomstock-outs,whichleadstomoresales.Andhappyworkerstendtostickaround,whichsavesthecostsassociatedwithemployeeturnover,likehiringandtraining.[單選題]1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatdoretailersdotoincreasetheirprofits?A.Cutdownonlaborcost.B.Improveworkefficiency.C.Hiremorepart-timeworkers.D.Providestylishanddurableproducts.正確答案：A參考解析：本題考查事實細節(jié)題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章第一自然段，這些零售商通常會做什么來提高利潤？根據(jù)文章第一段最后三句中Thisisnotthewaymostretailersdobusiness.Thegenerationdogmainrecentdecadeshasbeenthat,inordertocompeteonprice,youneedtokeeplaborcostsdown-hiringasfewworkersasyoucangetawaywithandpayingthemaslittleaspossible.（近幾十年的普遍看法就是，為了在價格上競爭，你需要保持低勞動力成本，雇傭盡可能少的工人，并且支付盡可能少的工資。）可知，這些零售人員通常會通過保持低勞動成本進而提高利潤。A項Cutdownonlaborcost.意為“降低人工成本”，A項正確。B項：Improveworkefficiency.意為“提高工作效率”。與題干不符，排除。C項：Hiremorepart-timeworkers.意為“雇傭更多兼職工人”。與題干不符，排除。D項：Providestylishanddurableproducts.意為“提供時尚耐用的產(chǎn)品”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為A。Overthepastdecade,theJapanesefashionchainUniqlohasbecomeamongthemostsuccessfulretailersintheworld.Itssuccessisdueinalargeparttothefactthatithasfoundawaytosellbasicstuffthatisnotonlyaffordablestylishanddurable.Andthere’ssomethingelsethatmakesUniqlodistinctive:ithiresalotofpeople,andspendsalotoftimetrainingthem.WhenthecompanyopeneditsflagshipFifthAvenuestorelastfall,ithiredsixhundredandfiftypeople,andpledgedtohavefourhundredpeopleworkingthereatonetime.Thisisnotthewaymostretailersdobusiness.Thegenerationdogmainrecentdecadeshasbeenthat,inordertocompeteonprice,youneedtokeeplaborcostsdown-hiringasfewworkersasyoucangetawaywithandpayingthemaslittleaspossible.Althoughleannessisgenerallyagoodthinginbusiness.Toomuchcost-cuttingturnsouttobeabadstrategy,notonlyforworkersandcustomersbutalsoforbusinessthemselves.ArecentHarvardBusinessReviewstudybyZeynepTon,andMITprofessor,lookedatfourlow-priceretailers:Costco,TraderJoe’s.Theconvenience-storechainQuikTrip,andaSpanishsupermarketchaincalledMercadona.Thesecompanieshavemuchhigherlaborcoststhattheircompetitors.Theypaytheiremployeesmore;theyhavemorefull-timeworkersandmoresalespeopleonthefloor;andtheyinvestmoreintrainingthem.(AtQuikTrip,evenpart-timeemployeesgetfortyhoursoftraining.)Notsurprisingly,thesestoresarebetterplacestowork.What’smoresurprisingisthattheyhavemoreprofitablethanmostoftheircompetitorsandhavemoresalesperemployeeandpersquarefoot.Thebigchallengeistomakesurethatthepeoplecomingintothestoreactuallybuystuffandresearchsuggeststhatnotscrimpingonpayrolliscrucial.InastudypublishedattheWhartonSchool,MarshallFisher,JayanthKrishnan,andSergueiNetessinelookedatdetailedsalesdatafromaretailerwithmorethanfivehundredstores,andfoundthateverydollarinadditionalpayrollledtosomewherebetweenfourandtwenty-eightdollarsinnewsales.Storesthatwereunderstaffedtobeginwithbenefitedmore,storesthatwereclosetofullystaffedbenefittedlessbut,inallcases,spendingmoreonworkerslettohighersales.Astudylastyearofabigapparelchainfoundthatincreasingthenumberofpeopleworkinginstoresledtoasignificantincreaseinsalesatthosestores.Thereasonsforthisaren’thardtodivine.AsFisher,Krishman,andNetessineshow,customers’needsareprettysimple:theywanttobeabletofindproductsandhelpfulsalespeopleeasily;andtheywanttoavoidlongcheckoutlines.Forawell-staffedstore,that’snoproblem,butifyoudon’thaveenoughpeopleonthefloor,oriftheyaren’twelltrained,customerscaneasilylosepatience.Oneofthebiggestproblemsretailershaveiswhatiscalleda“Phantomstock-out.”That’swhenaproductisinthestorebutcan’tbefound.Worker-friendlyretailerswithmoreemployeeshavefewerphantomstock-outs,whichleadstomoresales.Andhappyworkerstendtostickaround,whichsavesthecostsassociatedwithemployeeturnover,likehiringandtraining.[單選題]2.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatfactdoesthestudybyMarshallFisherandotherresearchershighlight?A.LowlaborcostiscrucialforaretailerB.Under-staffedstoresmakemoreprofitsC.HigherwagestotheworkerswillpayoffinthelongrunD.Moreprofitswillbegainedfromemployingfewerworkers正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查事實細節(jié)題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章第三自然段，馬歇爾·費舍爾和其他研究人員的研究強調(diào)了什么事實？根據(jù)關鍵詞“MarshallFisher”定位到文章第三段第三句Storesthatwereunderstaffedtobeginwithbenefitedmore,storesthatwereclosetofullystaffedbenefitedless,but,inallcases,spendingmoreonworkersledtohighersales.（那些原本人手不足的商店受益更多，那些員工接近滿員的商店受益較少，但在所有情況下，在工人身上花更多錢會帶來更高的銷售額）。C項Higherwagestotheworkerswillpayoffinthelongrun.意為“從長遠來看，提高工人工資是有好處的”符合句意。C項正確。A項：Lowlaborcostiscrucialforaretailer.意為“低勞動力成本對零售商來說是至關重要的”。與題干不符，排除。B項：Under-staffedstoresmakemoreprofits.意為“人手不足的商店利潤更高”。與題干不符，排除。D項：Moreprofitswillbegainedfromemployingfewerworkers.意為“雇傭更少的工人可以獲得更多的利潤”。與題干不符，排除。故正確答案為C。Overthepastdecade,theJapanesefashionchainUniqlohasbecomeamongthemostsuccessfulretailersintheworld.Itssuccessisdueinalargeparttothefactthatithasfoundawaytosellbasicstuffthatisnotonlyaffordablestylishanddurable.Andthere’ssomethingelsethatmakesUniqlodistinctive:ithiresalotofpeople,andspendsalotoftimetrainingthem.WhenthecompanyopeneditsflagshipFifthAvenuestorelastfall,ithiredsixhundredandfiftypeople,andpledgedtohavefourhundredpeopleworkingthereatonetime.Thisisnotthewaymostretailersdobusiness.Thegenerationdogmainrecentdecadeshasbeenthat,inordertocompeteonprice,youneedtokeeplaborcostsdown-hiringasfewworkersasyoucangetawaywithandpayingthemaslittleaspossible.Althoughleannessisgenerallyagoodthinginbusiness.Toomuchcost-cuttingturnsouttobeabadstrategy,notonlyforworkersandcustomersbutalsoforbusinessthemselves.ArecentHarvardBusinessReviewstudybyZeynepTon,andMITprofessor,lookedatfourlow-priceretailers:Costco,TraderJoe’s.Theconvenience-storechainQuikTrip,andaSpanishsupermarketchaincalledMercadona.Thesecompanieshavemuchhigherlaborcoststhattheircompetitors.Theypaytheiremployeesmore;theyhavemorefull-timeworkersandmoresalespeopleonthefloor;andtheyinvestmoreintrainingthem.(AtQuikTrip,evenpart-timeemployeesgetfortyhoursoftraining.)Notsurprisingly,thesestoresarebetterplacestowork.What’smoresurprisingisthattheyhavemoreprofitablethanmostoftheircompetitorsandhavemoresalesperemployeeandpersquarefoot.Thebigchallengeistomakesurethatthepeoplecomingintothestoreactuallybuystuffandresearchsuggeststhatnotscrimpingonpayrolliscrucial.InastudypublishedattheWhartonSchool,MarshallFisher,JayanthKrishnan,andSergueiNetessinelookedatdetailedsalesdatafromaretailerwithmorethanfivehundredstores,andfoundthateverydollarinadditionalpayrollledtosomewherebetweenfourandtwenty-eightdollarsinnewsales.Storesthatwereunderstaffedtobeginwithbenefitedmore,storesthatwereclosetofullystaffedbenefittedlessbut,inallcases,spendingmoreonworkerslettohighersales.Astudylastyearofabigapparelchainfoundthatincreasingthenumberofpeopleworkinginstoresledtoasignificantincreaseinsalesatthosestores.Thereasonsforthisaren’thardtodivine.AsFisher,Krishman,andNetessineshow,customers’needsareprettysimple:theywanttobeabletofindproductsandhelpfulsalespeopleeasily;andtheywanttoavoidlongcheckoutlines.Forawell-staffedstore,that’snoproblem,butifyoudon’thaveenoughpeopleonthefloor,oriftheyaren’twelltrained,customerscaneasilylosepatience.Oneofthebiggestproblemsretailershaveiswhatiscalleda“Phantomstock-out.”That’swhenaproductisinthestorebutcan’tbefound.Worker-friendlyretailerswithmoreemployeeshavefewerphantomstock-outs,