初中英語時(shí)態(tài)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

初中英語時(shí)態(tài)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)匯總一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來1）下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火車明天早上六點(diǎn)離開。Whendoesthebusstar?公共汽車什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？Itstarsintenminutes.十分鐘后開始。2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.公共汽車來了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.鈴響了。3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.比爾來時(shí)，請他等我。I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我一到那里就給你寫信。4）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他們下周玩得開心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.離開房間前，一定要把窗戶關(guān)好。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I’mleavingtomorrow.我明天離開。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你要在這里呆到下周嗎？不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1)事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue，例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩個(gè)兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.這所房子屬于我姐姐。2)心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate，例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你幫我。Helovesherverymuch.他非常愛她。3)瞬間動(dòng)詞accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的建議。4)系動(dòng)詞seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看起來有點(diǎn)累。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)：When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately。例如：HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。典型例題(1）Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeedC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有Hesaid，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，故選B.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。(2)表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過去時(shí)1)"書上說"，"報(bào)紙上說"等。Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。2)敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.拿破侖的軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)在向前推進(jìn)，大戰(zhàn)開始了。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)1)有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.例如：Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.我聽說他將去倫敦。Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.我忘記了他的年齡。2)句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.自從我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)1)句型：Herecomes…；Theregoes…例如：Look,herecomesMr.Li.看，李先生來了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1)表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?這周和我們一起度周末嗎?Weareleavingsoon.我們馬上就走。2)漸變動(dòng)詞，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。例如：Heisdying.他快死了。不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1)不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand，breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.例如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火之后，我的房子所剩無幾。比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。(錯(cuò))Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對)Thepricehasrisen.(錯(cuò))Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯(cuò))Thepricehasraised.(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.(錯(cuò))Pleaseseat.(對)Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto。例如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙正好適合這把鎖。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你的故事與已經(jīng)聽到的一致。3)系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn。例如：Itsoundsgood.聽起來不錯(cuò)。4)帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：die,death,dream,live,life。例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了一個(gè)惡夢。5)當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(對)Shelikestoswim.(錯(cuò))Toswimislikedbyher.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…例如：Thebooksellswell.這本書銷路好。Thisknifecutseasily.這刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.我對事故負(fù)有責(zé)任。Muchworkremains.還有許多工作要做。3)在need,require,want,worth(形容詞),deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.這門需要修理。Thisroomneedscleaning.這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：makesb.heard/understood(使別人能聽見/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried：例如：Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.他娶了一個(gè)有錢的女孩。Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.他和一個(gè)有錢的女孩結(jié)婚了。need/want/require/worth注意：當(dāng)need,want,require,worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。Thefloorrequireswashi