2024歐洲建筑脫碳的20個(gè)政策杠桿報(bào)告（英文版）-CBI氣候債券倡議組織

20POLICYLEVERS

TODECARBONISEBUILDINGS

INEUROPE

PreparedbytheClimateBondsInitiative

Contents

1.Introduction2

2.Context3

3.Theexistingpolicylandscape5

EnergyPerformanceofBuildingDirective(EPBD)5

20Policyoptions6EUlevel6

Memberstatelevel9

Regionsandcitylevel11

4.Conclusion12

Endnotes13

ClimateBondsInitiative

TheClimateBondsInitiative(Climate

Bonds)isaninternationalinvestor-focusednot-for-profitorganisationworkingto

mobilisetheUSD100tnbondmarketforclimatechangesolutions.

ClimateBondspromotesinvestmentinprojectsandassetsneededforarapidtransitiontoalow-carbonandclimate-

resilienteconomy.Themissionistohelpdrivedownthecostofcapitalforlarge-scaleclimateandinfrastructureprojectsandtosupportgovernmentsseeking

increasedaccesstocapitalmarketstomeetclimategoals.

1.Introduction

ThelaunchoftheBuildingsBreakthrough

initiativeduringCOP28signalledanewera

ofinternationalcollaborationinthebuilt

environment.JointlyledbytheGovernments

ofFranceandMorocco,incollaborationwith

theUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),its

goalistoestablishnear-zeroemissionsand

climate-resilientbuildingsasthestandardby

2030.Although28countrieshavecommitted

includingAustria,Finland,France,Germany,theNetherlands,andSweden,withsupportfromtheEuropeanCommission,thisinitiativeservesas

justasteppingstonetowardsachievingnet-zeroemissionsby2050.

Inordertoconvertthesepledgesintorapid,

credible,science-basedaction,theLaudes

FoundationhassupportedClimateBondsto

developresourcesandguidanceforissuersof

greenbondsthatfacilitatethetransitionoftheirbuildingassetstonetzero.Thisfundinghas

supportedthelaunchoftheClimateBondsLowCarbonBuildingsCriteria2.1,outlinedinFigure1.

WhilethetoolsandtechnologiesforachievingtheBuildingsBreakthroughareavailable,theireffectivenessreliesonsupportfromanenablingpolicyenvironment.Policymakersneedtomakedecisionsabouthowtomakethebestuseofpublicfinanceaswellasdrawinprivatecapital.Inadditiontoengaginginvestorsandmortgagelenders,

theyneedtodesignastablepolicyenvironment,makingeffectiveuseoftheirurbanplanningandregulatorypowers.Therefore,substantialeffortsarerequiredfromstakeholdersatalllevelsof

governmenttoalignandworkcollectivelytowardsachievingalow-carbonbuiltenvironment.

Buildingsaccountforapproximatelytwo-thirdsoftheworld’shardassets,andmortgagesaccountforalmostEUR9tnonEuropeanbankbalance

sheetssofundingthebuildingstransitionto

netzerowillcomefromarangeofsources.1

Whilepublicmoneywillcontinuetoplayalargepartthroughgrantsandloans,inadditionto

taxincentivesforenergyefficientrenovations,

privatesourcesofcapitalincludinggreenbonds,mortgages,privateequity,blendedfinanceand

equityloanscanplayavitalrole.2Ofthese,theglobalgreenpropertybondmarketinparticularhasbeenanotablesuccessstory.IntheUSD4.2tnGSS+bondmarketattheendof2023,21.5%of

dealshadsometypeofbuildings-relatedUseofProceeds.3Thecontinuedgrowthofthismarketisimperativetoattracttheinvestmentrequiredby2050todeliverabuiltenvironmentthatisfuture-fit,lowcarbon,energy-efficient,safe,andresilient.

Withintheextensivepolicyframeworkfor

promotingrenewableenergyandenhancing

buildingenergyperformanceacrossthe

EuropeanUnion(EU),muchlegislationhas

beenrevisedrecentlytoprovideabetter

pictureofhowtheEUwillachieveanemissionsreductionof55%by2030,comparedto1990

levels.However,withtheEuropeanCommissionrecommendinga90%reductioninemissionsby2040,thismomentumneedstobemaintained

intothefuture.Thisreportaimstosetoutarangeofpolicyoptionsacrossthreelevels:theEU,

MemberStatesandCitiesandRegions,which

willhelptoembedregulationandmakeitmoreeffectiveinpractice.

AhighlevelsummaryoftheClimateBondsLow-CarbonBuildingsCriteria

?EnhancedclarityregardingtheutilisationoftheCriteriafornewbuildings,makingiteasier

forstakeholderstounderstandandadheretotheStandards.

?Technologicaladvancements:Byincludingnewbuildings,theseCriterialeveragethelatesttechnologicalcapabilitiesavailableinthe

constructionindustry,promotinginnovationandsustainability.NewbuildingsundertheCriteriamustnotgenerateenergyfromfossilfuelsources,andwillhaverequirements

aroundEVcharginginfrastructure.

?Expandedtypologycoverage:RecognisingthatnotallbuildingtypologieswerepreviouslyaddressedintheClimateBondsLow-CarbonBuildingsCriteria,theupdateaimstobridgegapsandensurethatabroaderspectrumof

buildingtypologiesandprojectscanmeettheseessentialsustainabilitybenchmarks.

?MorethanEnergyEfficiency:Determiningtheextenttowhichabuildingisgreenhas

historicallyfocusedonEnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPC),buthasnowfurtherbeenexpandedtoincorporatetheembedded

‘WholeLifeCarbon’,(WLC)ofabuildingasset.

?EUTaxonomy:AchievingCertificationwithClimateBondsensuresthatthebuildingstockisconsideredinlinewiththeEUTaxonomyrequirementsandachievesthefollowing;

?SubstantialContributionto

(1)climatechangemitigation,and

?DoNoSignificantHarm(DNSH)fortheremainingfiveobjectives(viz.(2)climatechangeadaptation,(3)sustainableuseandprotectionofwater&marineresources,(4)

transitiontoacirculareconomy,(5)pollutionpreventionandcontrol,and(6)protectionandrestorationofbiodiversityandecosystems).

ClimateBondshas

developeddefinitionsforwhatconstitutesagreenactivityorinvestmenttofacilitatebondissuance

andmarketscreening

methodologiesthatmonitorandrecord

issuancesacrossthefullspectrumoflabels

(includingGreen,Social,andSustainability-Linked).Theseindicatethepathwaytoraisingcapitaltosupportdecarbonisationinvarioussectorsandhard-to-abateindustries.

Firstlaunchedin2012,theClimateBondsLow-CarbonBuildingsCriteriawererevisedin2023,notablytocreateasetofcriteriafornewbuildings,markingasignificant

milestone.TheseCriteriabringseveralnoteworthyadvantages:

20PolicyLeverstoDecarboniseBuildingsinEuropeClimateBondsInitiative2

2.Context

Overathirdoftheenergy-relatedemissionsreductionsneededgloballyby2050are

inthebuiltenvironment.Buildingsplaya

significantroleinourlivesashomes,places

ofwork,commercialspaces,transporthubs,

recreationalfacilities,schools,hospitals,andmore.

Europealsohassomeoftheoldestbuilding

stockintheworldwithapproximately65%builtbefore1980.4TheBuildingPerformanceInstituteEurope(BPIE)estimatesthatover97%ofthe

region’sbuildingstockrequiresrenovationtoalignwithnet-zerotargetsby2050.5Thisgivesthedecarbonisationofbuildingsthesamedegreeofurgencyasanyofthehard-to-abateindustries.

GreenbondsandloansarealreadyfundingtheconstructionandrenovationofbuildingsintheEU,helpingthemtobecomemoreefficient,

low-carbon,resilient,andcomfortable.Arangeofpropertyownersandinvestorsareactive

issuersofsustainablefinancialinstruments,

includingmortgagebanks,housingassociations,realestateinvestmenttrusts(REITs)and

municipalhousingauthorities.However,

additionalpolicyinterventionsthatemphasisetheimplementationofrobustMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)acrossallEU

MemberStatesarerequired.Akeyleverfor

MemberStatestoachievetheirMEPStargetistosetouttheirscience-basedpathwayforreducingemissionsfromthebuiltenvironment,with

significantstagingpostsat2030and2040.

Themodelforanet-zerofutureinthebuilt

environmentshouldfollowtheSER(Sufficiency,Efficiency,Renewables)frameworksetoutbytheIPCC.6Thisconsistsof:

i.avoidingthedemandforenergyandmaterialsoverabuilding’slifecyclethroughcircularityanddemand-sideresponsiveness(sufficiency);

ii.enhancingtheenergyefficiencyofbuildingmaterialsandappliances(efficiency)and;

iii.generatingrenewableelectricityforessentialfunctionssuchasspaceandwaterheating,

cooling,cooking,andlighting(renewables).7

Thereareapproximately131million

buildingsintheEUbutonly1%ofbuildingsarerenovatedforenergyeachyear.8,9

Thisslowrateofrenovationsmeansthateach

opportunitytoimprovetheenergyefficiency

ofabuildingneedsmaximising,withthe

lowestpossiblelifecyclecarbonimpact,to

avoidlocking-ininefficienttechnologies.TheEuropeanCommissionistargetingadoublingoftherateby2030inordertoboostthenumberofrenovations.10TheEnergyPerformance

ofBuildingsDirective(EPBD),willinitiate

renovationsaccordingtotheMEPSframeworkandnationaltrajectories.Itisimportantthat

Rapiddeploymentofheatpumps

Deployingheatpumpsis

crucialforthetransitiontocleanenergyandachievingcarbonneutralityin

accordancewiththegoalssetintheEuropeanGreen

Deal.Allthepolicyscenariossupportingthe‘Fitfor55’legislativeproposalshighlighta

substantialincreaseintheuseofheatpumpsacrossvarioussectors,especiallyinbuildings.

AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),widespreadadoptionofheatpumps

Figure1.TherapiddeploymentofheatpumpsinEurope

Global

EuropeJapan

China

Global

Europe

US

China

-5%0%10%20%30%40%50%

Rateofgrowthofheatpumpsalesin2021and2022

Source:ChartusesdatafromtheIEAWEI,202314

20222021

couldslashglobalCO2emissionsbyatleast500milliontonnesby2030,–equivalenttotheannualCO2emissionsfromallcarsin

Europetoday.

TheEuropeanHeatPumpAssociationreportsthatthecurrent20millionheatpumpsin

operationinEuropehavealreadysaved

around54milliontonnesofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,almostmatchingtheannualemissionsofGreece.

Global

theserenovationsareambitiousenoughtoalignwiththeEUTaxonomy,whichwouldincentivisefinancialinstitutionstooffersuitablerenovationproductsandgreenmortgages.

Governmentscanhelptomakeheat

generatedthroughelectricity,fromheatpumpsandothermeans,morecost-

competitivebyphasingoutpolicysupportforfossilgas.11

TheEuropeanScientificAdvisoryBoardon

ClimateChangenotesthatonlyaminorityof

MemberStatescurrentlyhaveclearplansand

timelinesinplacetophaseoutfossil-fuelsubsidiesintheirNationalEnergyandClimatePlans.12

ThepoliticalagreementfortheEnergy

PerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)

envisionsaphasingoutoffossil-fuelsubsidiesby

2040atthelatest.Byaimingtoachievethisgoalwellbeforethespecifiedtimeline,MemberStatescanminimisepotentialfossil-gaslock-in.

AsdiscussedinClimateBonds101sustainablefinancepoliciesfor1.5°C,aplantophase-

outfossilfuelsubsidiessendsaclearsignaltomarkets.13In2013,Denmarkbannedtheinstallationofnewfossil-fuelboilersandthe

Netherlandshasrestrictedconnectionstothe

fossil-gasgridfornewbuildingssince2018.

Clearplansandtimelinesforphasingout

subsidies,aswellasbanningnewconnectionstofossil-fuelnetworks,candriveinvestmentintogreenbuildingtechnology.

Total

Air--toairAir-to-water

20PolicyLeverstoDecarboniseBuildingsinEuropeClimateBondsInitiative3

In2022,overUSD150bnofinvestmentexpenditurewasdedicatedtoenergyefficiencyandelectrificationof

Europe’sbuildings.15

Giventhechallengingconditionsforfinancial

marketsin2023,itisexpectedthisfigurewillhavereducedslightly,butEuropecontinuestobethegloballeaderingreenbuildinginvestment.

Despitetheseimpressivecapitalflows,investmentstillneedstorampuptoreachtheEU’sclimategoals.

TheEuropeanCommissionestimatesthatanextraEUR275bnisrequiredeachyeartobridgetheinvestmentgapandachievetheEU’s2030objective,withasignificantportionofthesefundsbeing

directedtowardsenhancingenergyefficiency.16

AstudycommissionedbytheGreens/EuropeanFreeAlliancefromtheRousseauInstitutemodelsthatbuildingswillbethelargestsectorrequiringextrainvestment(EUR142bnp/a),outofatotalextrainvestmentofEUR360bnperyearinthe

transition,asshowninFigure3.

Investorsincreasinglyhavetools

availabletoassesstheclimateimpactoftheirrealestatefundsandportfolios.17

DisclosurerequirementsundertheSustainable

FinanceDisclosureRegulation(SFDR)require

real-estatefundmanagerstoconsiderthe

sustainabilitycharacteristicsoftheirportfolios.Forassetowners,greeningtheirholdingshelpstoprotectagainsttransitionrisksasMemberStatespushtowardzero-emissionbuildingstandards.Thereisagrowingbodyofevidencethat

sustainablebuildingsholdvaluebetterinmarketdownturns,meaningthatenergyefficiencyis

emergingasanimportanthedgeagainstmarketvolatilityforrealestateinvestors.18

Figure2.Energyeffeciencyspendingonbuildingsrosein2022,

buttheongoingcost-of-livingcrisisandeconomicuncertainty

couldreduceinvestmentin2023

EuropeUnitedStatesChinaRestofworldShareofelectricationspending

USDBillions(2022)

30030%

20%

10%

0

200

100

0

20162017201820192020202120222023e

Shareofelectrificationspending

Source:ChartusesdatafromtheIEAWEI,2023

Figure3.Totalyearlyextrainvestment:360bn€/year

120

80

40

0

Agri-culture

Transport

Energy

production

Cross-BuildingsIndustryCarbonWaste

sectorsinks

Note:ReproducedfromGreens/EuropeanFreeAlliancestudy,InstitutRoussea19

Policyinterventionsareneededtoaddressbarriersandtrade-offs.

Despitethewidespreadacknowledgmentoftheneedtoenhancetheenergyefficiencyofbuildings,progresshasbeenslow.Thismaybeduetovariousfactors,encompassingbothfinancialandnon-

financialbarriers,asoutlinedintable1.Targetedpolicyinterventionscanaddressanumberof

thesebarriers,suchasprovidingsupporttoreducetheup-frontcostsoflow-carbontechnologies,

incentivisinglenderstoengageinmoregreen

lending,andaddressingskillsandknowledgegaps.

USDBillions

Table1:Financialandnon-financialbarrierstorenovatingbuildingsintheresidentialandcommercialsectors

FinancialBarriers

Non-financialbarriers

Residential

?Costofrenovationorinstallinglowcarbonheating

?Limitedaccesstocapitalordifficultyfinancingrepayment

?Thecostofrenovatingthepropertymayhavealongpaybackperiodagainstthebenefitofenergysavings

?Therearefewpropertytaxincentivestoimproveenergyefficiency,aswellasalackofpenaltiesforkeepingfossilfuelbasedheating

?Forlandlordsthereisasplit-incentiveiftheypayrenovationcosts,butdonotbenefitfromlowerenergybills

?UncertaintyaroundthedurationofGovernmentgrantsandothersupport

?Mostpeoplelackprojectmanagementexpertise,makingmanagingarenovationchallenging

?Lackofinformationonnewtechnologies

?Skilledtradespeoplemightbedifficulttofindorinhighdemand

?Inconveniencewhilerenovationworkisongoing,particularlyforlargeritemssuchasunder-floorheating

?Formulti-unitblocksitcanbedifficulttosecurepermissionfromthebuildingowner

?Someownersmayopttowaitforgreatertechnologicalmaturitybeforerenovatingtheirownproperty

?Planningpermissionorotherpermitscanbedifficulttoobtain

Commercial

?Carryingoutrenovationscarriesacostbutmaynotattracthigherrentsoryield

?Limited(butemerging)evidencethathighenergyefficiencyaddspropertyvalueorprotectsagainstmarketdownturns

?Tenantsmayopttomovetonewerbuildingsratherthancontributetopayingforimprovements

?Higherinflationandinterestrateshaveincreasedthecostofinvestmentduetoinflationinthecostofmaterials

?Large-scaleworksoftenrequireavacancyperiodwhichcaninconveniencetenants

?TheremaybepolicyuncertaintyorlackofawarenessaroundMEPS

?Manybusinessesarecurrentlyseekingtoreduceofficespaceorhigh-streetfootprintratherthaninvestfurther

?Somecommercialbuildingsmayhavemixeduseswitharangeoftenuresandsub-leasingagreementswithtenants,makingagreementonrenovationplansmoredifficult

20PolicyLeverstoDecarboniseBuildingsinEuropeClimateBondsInitiative4

3.Theexistingpolicylandscape

Energyefficiencyandrenewableenergy

inbuildingsisaddressedacrossarangeofregulationsanddirectivesattheEUlevel.AsummaryofthemainpiecesoflegislationisprovidedinTable2.

EnergyPerformanceof

EPBD

BuildingDirective(EPBD)

TheEPBDisthecorepieceoflegislationforharmonising

sustainablebuildingsstandardsacrosstheEU.Itplaysacrucialrolewithintheframeworkof

theEUClimateLaw,GreenDeal

andFitfor55package.20ThepoliticalagreementreachedinDecember2023andpassedinthe

EUParliamentinMarch2024willrequirenew

buildingstobebuilttoazeroemissionstandardfrom2030butthereisalsoanemphasisondrivingrenovationofexistingbuildings.21

Theagreementfocusesonacceleratingenergy-efficientrenovationsintheworst-performing

EUbuildingsbyestablishingMinimumEnergy

PerformanceStandards(MEPS)andnational

trajectoriesforrenovation.Thesemeasuresaimtodrivesignificantimprovementsinbuildingefficiency,reducegreenhousegasemissions,andsupportthetransitiontoamoresustainablebuiltenvironment.

TheEPBDagreementsetstargetsandtimelinesforMEPS,aswellasareviewclause,withthe

CommissionassessingwhetherfurtherbindingmeasuresatEUlevelwillneedtobeintroducedtoachievetargetsfor2030and2035.

EachMemberStatewillagreetheirtargetsand

timelineswiththeCommissionthroughNationalRenovationPlans,aspartoftheprocessfor

NationalEnergyandClimatePlans(NECPs),butmustfollowcertainminimumcriteria:

?MEPSinnon-residentialbuildings:By2030allnon-residentialbuildingswillneedtobeabovethe16%worstperformingbenchmarkandby2033above26%.

?Nationaltrajectoriesforresidentialbuildings:MemberStateswillberequiredtoensure

thattheaverageenergyconsumptionoftheresidentialbuildingstockisreducedby16%by2030,andbyarangeofbetween20-22%in2035with55%oftheenergyreduction

achievedthroughrenovationoftheworstperformingbuildings.

OtherkeymeasuresoftheEPBDinclude:

?Fossilfuelphase-out:Thedecarbonisationofheatingandcoolingwithaviewtocompletelyphasingoutfossilfuelboilersby2040,with

subsidiescutfrom2025.Financialincentives

willstillbepossibleforhybridheatingsystems,suchasthosecombiningaboilerwithasolarthermalinstallationoraheatpump.

Table2.LegislativeframeworksupportingbuildingdecarbonisationintheEU

TaxonomyRegulation

EPBD(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective)

EED(EnergyEfficiencyDirective)

ConstructionProductsRegulation

CarbonBorderAdjustmentMechanism(CBAM)

EmissionsTradingSystem(ETS2)

MCD(MortgageCreditDirective)

SFDR(SustainableFinanceDisclosureRegulation)

RenewableEnergyDirective

PublicProcurementDirective

?Newresidentialbuildings,from2030,willneedtooptimisesolarenergygeneration

subjecttoconditions,andcapabilitiesfittedprogressivelyinotherbuildings.

?Allnewbuildingswillneedtobebuilttoazero-emissionbuildingstandardfrom2030,withnewpublicbuildingsmeetingthestandardfrom2028.

?AvoluntaryframeworkforMortgage

PortfolioStandardsincentivisingmortgagelenderstoestablishapathtoincreasethe

medianenergyperformanceoftheportfolioofbuildingscoveredbytheirmortgages

towards2030and2050.

RenovationWave

TheRenovationWaveisapolicyframework

undertheFitfor55strategyandaimstodoublebuildingrenovationratesby2030,enhancingenergyandresourceefficiency.TheRenovationWaveisanticipatedtodrivetheupgradingof35millionbuildings.Itisanopportunityto

drawinextrainvestmentandcreatenewskillsandemployment.Ifitmeetsitsobjectives,thisinitiativeisprojectedtocreateupto160,000greenjobsintheconstructionsector.22

RenewableEnergyDirective

TherevisedRenewableEnergyDirectiveenteredintolawinNovember2023withtheobjective

ofraisingtheshareofrenewableenergyinthe

EU’soverallenergymixto42.5%by2030,withanadjustmenttargetinga45%headlineshare.Forbuildings,thereisatargetofa49%renewableenergyshareby2030.

Italsoprovidestargetsforagradualincreaseinrenewableheatingandcooling,witha

bindingincreaseof0.8%peryearuntil2026atanationallevel,and1.1%in2026–2030.This

MinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)

TheEPBDdefinesminimumenergy

performancestandards(MEPS)as‘rules

thatrequireexistingbuildingstomeetanenergyperformancerequirementaspartofawiderenovationplanforabuildingstockoratatriggerpointonthemarket(saleorrent,donationorchangeofpurposewithinthecadastreorlandregistry),inaperiodoftimeorbyaspecificdate,therebytriggeringrenovationofexistingbuildings.’

issupplementedbyfurthertargetsspecifictoMemberStates.Therapiddeploymentofheatpumps,whichprovideheatingandcoolingfromambientenergy,isanimportanttechnologicalaimunderthisDirective.23

EnergyEfficiencyDirective

TheEnergyEfficiencyDirectivewasalsorevisedunderFitfor55andrequiresacollective

reductionofenergyconsumptionof11.7%

acrosstheEU.ThisDirectivecontainstargets

aroundrenovatingbuildingsforenergyefficiency,providessupporttosocialhousing,andincreasesrequirementsforenergyefficiencyinheatingandcoolingaswellasdistrictheating.24

Withmostofthesepolicyinitiativeseitherin

force,ornearingcompletion,thereisaclear

pictureofthepathto2030.However,withtheCommissionrecommendinga90%reductioninemissionsby2040,clearlythismomentum

needstobemaintainedintheperioduntiltheselegislativefilescomeupforrevision.

Tothisend,ClimateBondshassetoutarangeofpolicyoptionsfortheEU,MemberStatesandCitiesandRegions,whichwillhelptoembed

regulationandmakeitmoreeffectiveinpractice.

20PolicyLeverstoDecarboniseBuildingsinEuropeClimateBondsInitiative5

20policyleverstodecarbonisebuildingsinEurope

EULevel

1.Strengthenacommonapproach

tobuildingenergyperformance

2.Providetechnicalassistance,

targetedfundingandcentralised

data/analysis

3.Adoptusabilityreformsfor

aligningfinancialinstrumentsto

theEUTaxonomy

4.Strengthenandharmonise

accesstobuildingenergy

performancelabels

5.Setacommonframeworkforbuildingrenovationpassports

6.CreateavoluntarydefinitionofagreenmortgageinlinewiththeEuropeanBankingAuthority(EBA)Opinion

7.Collectingandpublishinga

databaseofNearlyZeroEnergy

Building(NZEB)methodologies

throughtheNationalEnergy

andClimatePlanprocess,would

improvevisibilityforlenders.

MemberStates

8.CentralGovernmentsetsthe

toneforadoptingsustainable

buildingandrenovationpractices

9.Focusincentivesontheelectrificationofbuildings

10.Incentiviseenergy

efficiencyimprovements

throughthetaxsystem

11.Raiseawarenessthroughnationalcampaigns

12.Createcentralknowledgehubs

forinnovativefinancingschemes

13.Publicprocurementtiltedtowardsgreenmaterials

14.Decidetheoveralldesign

andoperationofOne-StopShopsforrenovation

15.Studyembodiedcarboninthe

domesticconstructionindustry

andnationalbuildingstock,with

aviewtointroducingWLClimit

valuesinthemediumterm

Citiesandregions

16.Citiescanusedesign

andbuildingcodestodrive

adoptionofzero-emission

buildingstandards

17.Encouragelargecontractors

andbuildingportfolioownersto

publishtransitionplans

18.Identifyareasofhigh

populationdensitysuitablefor

connectiontodistrictheating

19.Providesignpostingand

guidancetoavailablefundingfor

buildingowners

20.Establishtraininganddevelopmentschemesforgreenworkers

EULevel

1.Strengthenacommon

approachtobuilding

energyperformance.

AtCOP28,theEUCommission

announcedatargetto

doubletheannualrateof

globalenergyefficiency

improvementsfrom2%to

4%by2030undertheGlobal

PledgeonRenewablesandEnergyEfficiency.25AttheEUlevel,strengtheningacommonapproachtoenergyperformancewillhelptoreformsupplychains,aggregatedemand,andboostskillsandemploymentacrosstheUnion.

WhileMemberStatesunderstandablyseektopreservesomecontroloverratesofbuildingrenovationandthespeedoftransitionintheirenergymarkets,forinternationalinvestors,

banks,andindustrytoefficientlyallocate

capitalandresources,itisparamountthattheCommission:

i.EngagesMemberStatestotransposethe

revisedEPBDinacohesivewayonissuessuchasEPCmethodologies,nearlyzeroenergybuilding(NZEB)andzero-emissionbuildings(ZEB)

definitions,and;

ii.Establishesacommonmethodologyfor

baseliningtheenergyperformanceofnon-

residentialbuildingstockundertheMEPSandresidentialbuildingstocksubjecttotherevisedEPBD’snationaltrajectories.26

2.Providetechnical

assistance,targetedfunding

andcentraliseddata/analysis.

Recognisingthatthenetzerotransitioncansignifycostsforhouseholds,theCommissionhascreatedtheSocialClimateFundalongsidetheEmissionsTradingSystem2(ETS2).27One

ofitsaimsistoprovidededicatedfundingfor

MemberStatestosupportfuel-poorhouseholdsthrougha