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選擇性必修第四冊Unit1I.詞匯默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞1.____________vt.讓(某人)離開;解散;解雇;消除2.____________ vt.&vi.假設(shè);假定3.____________ adj.更好的;更高的;占優(yōu)勢的4.____________ n.勞動(者);體力勞動vi.奮斗;努力工作Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.appointvt.&vi.委派;任命→____________n.約會;預(yù)約;委任2.declarevt.表明;宣稱;公布→____________n.(納稅品等的)申報(bào);宣布;公告;申訴書3.presumevt.&vi.假設(shè);假定→____________adj.假定的;推測的→____________n.放肆,傲慢;推測4.calculatevt.推測;計(jì)算;核算→____________n.計(jì)算器→____________n.計(jì)算;估計(jì);計(jì)算的結(jié)果5.actvt.&vi.行動;表現(xiàn);起作用;扮演(角色)→____________n.男/女演員→____________n.行為;行動;活動→____________adj.積極的;活躍的;主動的;有效的→____________n.活動;行動;活躍6.dividevt.&vi.(使)分開;分成;除→____________n.分開;分離;差異;除(法)7.urgen.沖動vt.催促;力勸→____________adj.緊急的,急迫的→____________adv.緊急地,急迫地→____________n.緊急;催促;緊急的事8.explodevt.&vi.爆炸;爆破→____________n.爆炸→____________adj.爆炸性的;爆發(fā)性的;n.炸藥;爆炸物9.staten.國家;州;情境;vt.規(guī)定;聲明;陳述→____________n.聲稱;聲明;陳述→____________n.夸大;夸張10.alienn.外星人(生物);外國人adj.陌生的;外星的;外國人的→____________vt.使疏遠(yuǎn),離間III.核心短語1.____________科幻小說(或影片等)

2.____________ 檢測;測試

3.____________ 更像是;更接近

4.____________ 根據(jù);以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))

5.____________ 事物的利與弊;支持與反對

6.____________ 比……更好;更勝一籌

7.____________ 占上風(fēng);取而代之;接管;接手

8.____________ 與……沖突或抵觸

9.____________ 關(guān)掉;熄滅;在場;使朝外;結(jié)果是

10.____________ (逐漸)減少;消失

11.____________ 有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事

IV.經(jīng)典句式1.句型公式:it作形式主語的主語從句Clairethought____________________shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.

克萊爾覺得機(jī)器人對她表示同情很可笑,但她漸漸欣賞他的智慧和正直,并開始信任他。2.句型公式:“therebe”句型的變形Assheturnedaround,____________________GladysClaffern.

她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過身來,就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那里。3.句型公式:Itis/was...that強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)____________________thefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.

就在今天十點(diǎn)時,第一臺時間機(jī)器開始工作了。參考答案Ⅰ.1.dismissvt.讓(某人)離開;解散;解雇;消除2.presume vt.&vi.假設(shè);假定3.superior adj.更好的;更高的;占優(yōu)勢的4.labour n.勞動(者);體力勞動 vi.奮斗;努力工作Ⅱ.1.appointvt.&vi.委派;任命→appointmentn.約會;預(yù)約;委任2.declarevt.表明;宣稱;公布→declarationn.(納稅品等的)申報(bào);宣布;公告;申訴書3.presumevt.&vi.假設(shè);假定→presumedadj.假定的;推測的→presumptionn.放肆,傲慢;推測4.calculatevt.推測;計(jì)算;核算→calculatorn.計(jì)算器→calculationn.計(jì)算;估計(jì);計(jì)算的結(jié)果5.actvt.&vi.行動;表現(xiàn);起作用;扮演(角色)→actor/actressn.男/女演員→actionn.行為;行動;活動→activeadj.積極的;活躍的;主動的;有效的→activityn.活動;行動;活躍6.dividevt.&vi.(使)分開;分成;除→divisionn.分開;分離;差異;除(法)7.urgen.沖動vt.催促;力勸→urgentadj.緊急的,急迫的→urgentlyadv.緊急地,急迫地→urgencyn.緊急;催促;緊急的事8.explodevt.&vi.爆炸;爆破→explosionn.爆炸→explosiveadj.爆炸性的;爆發(fā)性的;n.炸藥;爆炸物9.staten.國家;州;情境;vt.規(guī)定;聲明;陳述→statementn.聲稱;聲明;陳述→overstatementn.夸大;夸張10.alienn.外星人(生物);外國人adj.陌生的;外星的;外國人的→alienatevt.使疏遠(yuǎn),離間III.1.sciencefiction科幻小說(或影片等)

2.testout 檢測;測試

3.morelike 更像是;更接近

4.ona...basis 根據(jù);以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))

5.prosandcons 事物的利與弊;支持與反對

6.superiorto 比……更好;更勝一籌

7.takeover 占上風(fēng);取而代之;接管;接手

8.conflictwith 與……沖突或抵觸

9.turnout 關(guān)掉;熄滅;在場;使朝外;結(jié)果是

10.fallaway (逐漸)減少;消失

11.haveanurgeto 有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事

IV.1.句型公式:it作形式主語的主語從句Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.

克萊爾覺得機(jī)器人對她表示同情很可笑,但她漸漸欣賞他的智慧和正直,并開始信任他。2.句型公式:“therebe”句型的變形Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.

她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過身來,就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那里。3.句型公式:Itis/was...that強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.

就在今天十點(diǎn)時,第一臺時間機(jī)器開始工作了。II.綜合練習(xí)一、單句填空1.Tomhadtoturntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.2.Theirhouse(break)whentheywereawayonholidays.3.UkrainianPresidentsaidthatRussia’sattacks(destroy)about30percentofUkraine’spowerstations.4.Weighttrainingclasses,forexample,(design)andwillbeaddedtoourprogrammesoon.5.Thisessaygainedallthereviewers’goodmentsandwasafullmark.(grade)6.Thegovernmenthas(declare)warondrugdealers.7.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere(decorate)withhouseplants.8.Thoughtheylostthegame,theyrefusedtoacknowledgethatthey(defeat).9.Halfofthebuilding(destroy)bytheearthquake.10.Eachswimmer(equip)withawetsuitthatcanprotectthemselvesduringthecrossStraitsswim.11.Youareexpectedtocopythewordsinthepassagethat(underline).12.Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,which(surround)byahighfence.13.Inthepast,moners(平民)(prohibit)fromenteringtheForbiddenCitywithoutpermissionandonlyimperialfamiliesandinvitedhighofficialscouldenter.14.Thecars(produce)inHubeiProvincelastyear.15.Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities(establish)since1949.16.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)that?(leave)onthefootpath.17.Largeamountsoffood(transport)totheearthquakestrikenareainthepastfewweeks.18.Somenicecakes(make)bymymotherfrom7to10lastnight.19.Though(urge)togotobedmanytimes,thelittleboyjustturnedadeafearandfixedhiseyesonthecartoons.20.Thescenerycaughtfire,then(explode)inaconflagrationthatengulfedtheauditoriumwithinaminuteortwo.21.Thelittleboywas(freeze)withfrightatthesightofthethief’sslippingintotheroom.22.Greatcontributions(make)byMr.Wangtothepanyinthepasttenyears.Sohedeservesthepraise.23.Micelong(use)tofindoutmoreabouthowthehumanbody(affect)bythetravel.24.Iknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwe(defeat).25.Amy,alongwithhisbrothers,(give)awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.26.Ourrelationship(strength)overthepastthreeyears.27.Robintoldmefirmlythathehadanimportantbusiness(appoint)thenextday.28.Everypossiblemeans(try)sofar,andwefindonlythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.29.Todaythepublicismuchconcernedaboutthewaynature(ruin).30.Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdedintomymindasifthey(happen)yesterday.31.Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.32.—Whatisthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyouthatthenewmachine(test).33.Atomicenergy(discover)inthetwentiethcentury,butsofarithasnotbeenwidelyusedinindustry.34.AftertheSecondWorldWar,Germanywas(divide)intotwoseparatecountries.35.Jacksonknewhewould(shout)atifhewenttoworklateagain.36.TheGreatWall(build)thousandsofyearsago.37.Bytheendoflastyear,anothermagicdesign(plete).38.Mybrotherhasan(appoint)withthedentistthisafternoon.39.He(educate)ataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.40.Asaresult,localfarmers(employ)tocatchtheinsects,whichledtotheirdisappearancefromthewholezone.41.Thiskindofknife(cut)well.42.Thecrew(rescue)safeandsound.43.Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood(need).44.Shewas(award)theprizeforbothfilms.45.Atthewindowsinherbedroom(hang)somebeautifulcurtainswhichwereboughtyesterday.46.Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,andallhisattention(fix)onit.47.He(invite)todinneryesterdayevening.48.Becauseofhumanactivities,thesoilinthisregionhasbeen(destroy)andturnedintodesert.49.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMary(appoint)asmanagersofthelocalstoressincetheywonthenationalsalespetitionattheendofOctober.50.That(sound)great.Dealmein!51.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnowishowtocutbackoncosts.52.Shouldthebrothershavebeen(qualified)orhighlypraisedfortheiractions?53.Animals(kill)fortheirfurandfeathers,especiallyinthepastfewdecadessimplybecausetheywereintheway.54.It(damage)partlybynaturalforceslikeearthquakes,butthegreatestdamageofallhasbeencausedbyman.55.Itwasthefirsttimethathisbook(translate)intomanylanguages.56.Measureshavebeen(take)topreventthechildrenfromthatkindofdanger.57.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriageanditmustbefairlyunpleasantforthepassengers.However,therailwaysquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess.58.Thepoliceman(suspend)whiletheplaintwasinvestigated.59.Thereporturgedthatallchildren(teach)toswim.60.Thehistoricbuilding(destroy)byfireinthepasttwoyears.61.Everypossiblemeans(use)topreventthecrash,buttheputerstilldoesn’twork.62.Theirmilitarycapability(bereduced)becausetheirairforceprovesnottobeeffective.63.AsfarasIamconcerned,thiswasoneofthemostspecialquestionsthat(everraise)atsuchameeting.64.Todate,noconvincingevidence(be)foundthattheEarthwasonceasupergreenhouse.65.Littleisknownoftheyoungestson;it(presume)thathediedyoung.66.Traffic(interrupt)bythedensefog.67.Muchtotheirdelight,theirnewproject(approve)attheconference,theexcitedscholarsdecidedtohaysabarbecuetocelebratethefantasticmoment.68.Muchprogress(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople’shardwork.69.Thegettogetherintheteahouse(cancel)bythetimewearrived.70.Theceremony(transmit)bysatellitetooverfiftycountries.71.Astudyin1970foundthat80,000puters(use)inbusinessthenintheUnitedStates.72.Hishome(break)intolastnightandhelosthisnewbike.73.Itisreportedthatover1,000sharks(fin)lastyear.74.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people(kill).75.Anewbridge(build)acrosstheriver.Itwillbefinishednextyear.76.Thisisoneofthefarthestplacesthat(explore)sofarinthatcountry.77.He’salwaysbeen(surround)bypeoplewhoadorehim.78.Foodprices(raise)inthepastfewmonths,butwedon’tknowwhetherthey(remain)so.79.ThenewsthatFlightMU5735crashed(confirm)bynow.80.Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholiday(decide).二、語法填空1閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Uptonow,anautonomousunderwatervehicle(AUV)developedbyaChineseuniversityteamhasobtainedabundantdataduringthecountry'slatestArcticexpedition,81(reveal)variousfeaturesbeneaththeNorthPole.Thered,fishshapedrobotcalled“XH1000”wasmadebyresearchersfromHarbinEngineeringUniversity.Duringthe13thArcticOceanscientificexpedition82concludedinlateSeptember,it83(plete)undericeenvironmentdetectionoperationsneartheChukchiSeaandrelayedplentyofdata,includingoceanwatertemperature,salinityandpHlevels.84(equip)withdomesticallydevelopeddetectionsonar(聲吶),thepolarobservingAUVexploredanareaof7,000squaremetersbeneaththeArcticice.OperationteamleaderZhuZhongben,85associateprofessor,saidthe86(inform)gatheredwillhelpscientistsimprovetheirunderstandingofthechangingprocessofseaiceandoceancurrentsinthisregion,providingdatasupportfor87(effective)copingwiththeimpactofglobalclimatechange88China.Chinesescientistssetoffforthe13thArcticOceanscientificexpeditiononJuly12aboardthepolaricebreakerXuelong2,travelling15,000nauticalmilesbeforereturning.ItreachedtheNorthPoleonSept.5,generating89(value)experienceforroboticships90(work)inthehighriskpolarareasandfillingthegapinthecountry'sscientificresearchonthepolarregion.2閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China’sfirstlargehomemadecruiseship(游輪),roughlytheheightofa25storybuilding,is91(schedule)tobedeliveredtoitsuseraroundtheendofthisyear.Constructionoftheship,whichhasyettobenamed,startedinOctober,2019.“Sofar,wehavepleted90percentofthecruiseship’sconstruction.Engineershavebeguntoinstallinner92(equip).WeplantomoveitoutofthedrydockinJune93(continue)thefittingprocess,”saidChenGang,chiefdesignerofthelargecruiseship.Aftertheconstructionfinishes,therewillbeatleasttwoseatrialsinthesummertotesttheship,andalsotocheck94theroomsandentertainmentfacilities(設(shè)施)arefortable.Therewillbe16storiesofliving,shoppingandentertainmentspace,whichwillofferavarietyofmusical95(performance),artshowsandfoodoptions.“Uponitspletion,therewillbeabout25millionponentsontheship,5timesthatofChina’shomedesignedC919planeand13timesthatontheFuxingseriesbullettrain.The96(bine)lengthoftheelectriccablesontheshipismorethan4,200kilometers,”Chensaid,97(note)thathisshipyardhasusedalotofadvancedtechniquesandmachinerytobuildtheship.TheprojectmarksthefirsttimeChinahasbuiltalargeadvancedcruiseship98itsown.Itisanewmilestoneforthecountry’sshipbuildingindustrybecauseitmarksanendtothetime99Chinacouldn’tdesignandconstructlargecruiseships100(independent).3閱讀下面短文,在空白處填人1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AIchatbotphenomenonChatGPTischangingtheworldandhaskickedoffanewglobalAIrace.Someexpertsregardeditasoneofthegreatest101(invent)sincetheinternet.Overthepastfewweeks,I102(find)thatChatGPThasseveraladvantagesoverushumans.103

instance,ChatGPTcanrapidlylookthroughthewholeinternetbaseddatabase.Itcanalsoposesentencesandsummarizeinformationalmostaswellashumans,andimproveitselfthroughdeeplearning.ButthereisoneaspectwhereChatGPTfallsfarbehindhumans:Thepursuitofabetterlifeis104distinguisheshumansfromAL.Peoplegrewtiredofwalkingonfoot,sovehicles105(develop).Peopledreamedofflyinginthesky,soaircraftswereinvented.Inasense,itispeople’sseekingforabetterlife106

pusheshumanhistoryforward.ThatappliestothedevelopmentofAI,too.However,ChatGPTisonlyapileofcode,writtenas107

meansonlytosolveproblems.Theycannotraiseproblemstosolve,whichiswhytheycannotimprove108(dependent).YetAIiswithoutanygenes.Ithasbeencreatedasatooltoofferservice109(make)people’slivesbetter,aspartofthewholeeffortsofimprovinglives.That’swhythereisnoneedtoworryaboutAI110(replace)humans.4閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Delicate,bright,andsofttothetouch,thesilkhaspassedthewaythroughoutChina’shistory.Noonecanbe111(exact)certainofitsorigin.ButthehumbleancientChinesepeoplecreditedtheirownwisdomtoLeizu,wifeoftheYellowEmperor(thelegendaryancestorofChinesepeople),as112inventorofsericulture(養(yǎng)蠶).LikeallkindsofartonthevastlandofChina,thestyleandtexture(質(zhì)地)ofsilkarealsovarious.HangluofromHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,isknown113itsairyandthintexture,whileYunjinfromNanjing,JiangsuProvince,anexpensivecloth,114(represent)China’ssilktechniqueatitspeak.Yunjinisbestmadebyhandonlargemachines,inaplexprocedure115containsmorethanahundredsteps.Eventhemost116(experience)workerscanonlymakeafewcentimetersaday.Time,patienceandskillallplayanimportantroleinitsbeauty.IntheWesternHanDynasty,withZhangQian117(open)uptheroutestothewesternregions,silkwashighlypraisedincountriesofCentralAsia,laterextending118(it)reachtootherparts.InthehandsofChineseartists,thethinneststringcanmakepicturesofgreatpossibilitiesandthe119(soft)materialcanpassthroughthousandsofyears.Asoneofthemany120(wonder)ofancientChina,silkisnotonlyatypeofcloth,butalsoaculturalsymbolandarepresentationofeleganceandgrace.5閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Dannyhasahobbyplayinggamesonline.Heisinterested121solvingpuzzles.Heparticularlyenjoys122(chat)toothergamers.NowDanny123(sit)quietlyinfrontofhisputer.Hismotherthinksheisdoinghishomework,butsheiswrong.Dannyis124(actual)surfingtheInternet,solvingpuzzlesandtalkingtoothergamersaroundtheworld,125isprettyfun!Whyaregamesonlinesointeresting?“126Icanpretendtobeadifferentperson.Therearealsomanydifferent127(kind)ofgamesforme128(play),”saysDanny.“Otherpeoplelovetoplaythesegamesbecausetheycanpayatanytime.Theydonotneedtoorganizeagroup.Someoneinthewordalwayswantstopay.”Startingagameonlineisnoteasy.Somegamersdon’twelenewgamer.Theywillbee129(anger)whennewgamersaskthemquestions.Othergamersarehelpful.Theywanttomakenewfriends.WhenDannyhas130question,healwayssays,“Excuseme,areyoubusy?IamnewatthisgameandIneedsomehelp.”Sometimesthisworks.Atothertimes,however,thegamerattheotherendmakesyoufeellikeafool.參考答案一、1.down【解析】考查固定短語。句意:湯姆上周末因?yàn)樘Χ坏貌痪芙^參加聚會的邀請。此處為固定短語turndown,意為“拒絕”,故填down。2.wasbroken【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)他們在外度假時,家里被破門而入。根據(jù)were判斷時態(tài)為一般過去時,主語theirhouse和break之間是被動關(guān)系,故用wasdone,break的過去分詞是broken。故填wasbroken。3.haddestroyed【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:烏克蘭總統(tǒng)表示,俄羅斯的襲擊已經(jīng)摧毀了烏克蘭大約30%的發(fā)電站。said后接賓語從句,賓語從句的動作發(fā)生在said之前,屬于過去的過去,應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填haddestroyed。4.arebeingdesigned【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:例如,重量訓(xùn)練課程正在設(shè)計(jì)中,并將很快加入我們的課程。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,主語Weighttrainingclasses和design“設(shè)計(jì)”為被動關(guān)系,需用被動語態(tài),主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動詞用are。故填arebeingdesigned。5.graded【解析】考查語態(tài)。句意:這篇文章獲得了所有評論者的好評,被評為滿分。分析句子可知,grade作謂語,與主語essay是被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)空前的was可是,空處需要過去分詞,構(gòu)成一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。grade為動詞“評分”。故填graded。6.declared【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:政府向毒販宣戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句意可知,本句表達(dá)已宣戰(zhàn)之意,所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時,空前已有has,所以空處用過去分詞形式。故填declared。7.decorated【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:在另一項(xiàng)研究中,當(dāng)員工的工作場所裝飾有室內(nèi)植物時,他們的工作效率提高了15%。根據(jù)句意和空格前的were以及所給動詞decorate分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入decorate的過去分詞形式decorated構(gòu)成一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填decorated。8.weredefeated【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:盡管他們輸了比賽,但是他們拒絕承認(rèn)被打敗了。defeat和they是被動關(guān)系,且由lost可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。主語為they,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填weredefeated。9.hasbeendestroyed【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:建筑的一半被地震摧毀。表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在帶來的影響或結(jié)果,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時;句中主語building與動詞destroy“摧毀”之間存在被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),主語為單數(shù),故填hasbeendestroyed。10.wasequipped【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:每位游泳者都配備了潛水服,可以在橫渡海峽時保護(hù)自己。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處在句中作謂語,應(yīng)用動詞;主語為eachswimmer,與equip之間為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)bedone結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)句意可知,此處是在陳述過去發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用一般過去時,主語swimmer受each限定,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填wasequipped。11.havebeenunderlined/areunderlined【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:要求你們抄寫下文章中劃線的單詞。此處在that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作謂語,定語從句修飾先行詞words,從句中主語that指代先行詞words,words和動詞underline是被動關(guān)系,且從句既可以表示一般性事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示畫線發(fā)生在抄寫之前,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填havebeen/areunderlined。12.wassurrounded【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:饑餓的熊憑著嗅覺來到了我們的營地,營地被高高的鐵絲柵欄包圍著。該空是非限制性定語從句謂語部分,結(jié)合主句謂語followed,事情已發(fā)生,從句也用一般過去時,從句主語which指代先行詞ourcamp,從句謂語單數(shù)形式,從句主語和從句謂語動詞surround是被動關(guān)系,surround用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wassurrounded。13.wereprohibited【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:在過去,平民未經(jīng)允許不得進(jìn)入紫禁城,只有皇族和受邀的高級官員才能進(jìn)入。根據(jù)inthepast可知,句子為一般過去時,結(jié)合moners和動詞prohibit之間是被動關(guān)系可知,此處為被動語態(tài),主語為復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereprohibited。14.wereproduced【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這些車是去年在湖北省生產(chǎn)的。主語cars和動詞produce之間是被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合“l(fā)astyear”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù),be動詞用were。故填wereproduced。15.havebeenestablished【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:自1949年以來,建立了一大批高等院校。Since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,從句為一般過去時,主句為現(xiàn)在完成時。此外,Agreatnumberof…“大量的……”作主語時,謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。再次,universities和establish為被動關(guān)系。故填havebeenestablished。16.hadbeenleft【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:然后他說,他們在人行道上被遺棄的他們的垃圾桶里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一堆文件。分析句子可知,句子為賓語從句,根據(jù)句中“said”可知,主句為一般過去時,設(shè)空處為“that”引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句,從句中“l(fā)eave”的動作發(fā)生在“said”的動作之前,故應(yīng)用過去完成時,“that”代指先行詞“trashcan”,和“l(fā)eave”之間為被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài),謂語動詞為“hadbeendone”,“l(fā)eave”的過去分詞為“l(fā)eft”,故空格處應(yīng)填“hadbeenleft”。故填hadbeenleft。17.havebeentransported【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:在過去的幾周里,大量的食物被運(yùn)送到地震災(zāi)區(qū)。動詞transport與名詞food之間是被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)時間狀語inthepastfewweeks可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。amountsof的意思是“大量的”,修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填havebeentransported。18.werebeingmade【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:我媽媽昨晚7點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)做了一些漂亮的蛋糕。設(shè)空處為謂語,主語和謂語之間是被動關(guān)系,用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)時間狀語可知是過去某一段時間正在做什么,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時,主語cakes,謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填werebeingmade。19.urged【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:盡管多次催促他上床睡覺,這個小男孩仍然充耳不聞,只是盯著那些動畫片看?!癟hough______(urge)togotobedmanytimes,”為though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略,當(dāng)從句和主句主語是同一主語時,且從句含有be動詞,從句可以省略主語和be動詞,主語thelittleboy和動詞urge是被動關(guān)系,從句完整句子為Thoughhewasurgedtogotobedmanytimes,省略主語和be動詞。故填urged。20.exploded【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:舞臺布景著了火,然后在一兩分鐘內(nèi)爆炸,吞沒了禮堂。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)填動詞作謂語,結(jié)合前文的caught可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,結(jié)合語意可知,此處意為“爆炸”,故應(yīng)填exploded。故填exploded。21.frozen【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:看到小偷溜進(jìn)房間,小男孩嚇呆了。freeze與邏輯主語Thelittleboy之間為動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)??涨坝兄鷦釉~was,故設(shè)空處需用過去分詞,freeze的過去分詞為frozen,此處考查短語befrozenwithfright,意為“嚇呆了”。故填frozen。22.havebeenmade【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:在過去的十年里,王先生為公司做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。所以他值得表揚(yáng)。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)后文inthepasttenyears可知為現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,助動詞用have。故填havebeenmade。23.havebeenusedisaffected【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:長期以來,人們一直用老鼠來研究旅行對人體的影響。use“使用”是動詞,在主句中作謂語,主語Mice是名詞復(fù)數(shù),與動詞use之間為被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合long“長期地”可知,主句中用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)havebeenused;affect“影響”是動詞,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中作謂語,從句中主語thehumanbody表示單數(shù)意義,與動詞affect之間為被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合句意可知,陳述客觀事實(shí),此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)isaffected。故填have;beenused;isaffected。24.weredefeated【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:我知道我們會贏,但令我失望的是我們被打敗了。主語we與謂語defeat構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合上文knew可知為一般過去時的被動語態(tài),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填weredefeated。25.wasgiven【解析】考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:艾米和他的兄弟們上周回到村里時受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)時間狀語lastweek可知,空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時;此處主語是動作的承受者,所以空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài):was/weredone;alongwith連接兩個并列名詞作主語時,謂語動詞需用“就遠(yuǎn)原則”,與前面的名詞保持人稱與數(shù)的一致,本句中前面名詞Amy是單數(shù),所以be動詞需用was。故填wasgiven。26.hasbeenstrengthened【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:我們的關(guān)系在過去三年中得到了加強(qiáng)。提示詞在句中作謂語,用動詞形式strengthen,意為“加強(qiáng),鞏固”,與主語relationship之間是被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合時間狀語overthepastthreeyears,描述從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),又因主語是單數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填hasbeenstrengthened。27.appointment【解析】考查名詞。句意:羅賓堅(jiān)定地告訴我,他第二天有一個重要的商務(wù)約會。作賓語,應(yīng)用名詞appointment,不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填appointment。28.hasbeentriedby【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)和短語。句意:到目前為止,每一種可能的方法都試過了,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有這種方法才有可能說服他。means“方式,手段”是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,其前有every修飾,謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式;句中時間狀語是sofar,故謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時;主語means與try是被動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),第一空填hasbeentried。第二空是固定短語bythismeans“用這種方式”。故填①hasbeentried②by。29.isbeingruined【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:現(xiàn)今,公眾非常關(guān)注大自然被破壞的方式。way后面的句子是定語從句,根據(jù)時間狀語today可知,句子描述正在發(fā)生的動作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,ruin與主語nature之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài),主語nature是不可數(shù)名詞,be動詞應(yīng)用is。故填isbeingruined。30.hadhappened【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:童年的一切都涌進(jìn)我的腦海,就像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。結(jié)合句意可知,asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過去完成時,故填hadhappened。31.wasnicknamed【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:顯然,一年中最令人沮喪的日子是一月的第三個星期一,這天外面又冷又黑。2004年,心理學(xué)家CliffArnall將這一天戲稱為“憂郁星期一”。根據(jù)后文in2004可知用一般過去時,主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語為Thisday,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填wasnicknamed。32.isbeingtested【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:——那是什么聲音?——哦,忘了告訴你新機(jī)器正在測試。分析句子可知,此處that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,從句的主語是thenewmachine,且為單數(shù)形式,故空處應(yīng)作謂語,空處與主語之間是被動關(guān)系,空處應(yīng)用動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)語意可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,表示事情正在發(fā)生,因此空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),即bebeingdone。故填isbeingtested。33.wasdiscovered【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:原子能是在二十世紀(jì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的,但至今還沒有被廣泛地應(yīng)用于工業(yè)。根據(jù)時間狀語“inthetwentiethcentury”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,且主語Atomicenergy與動詞discover之間是被動關(guān)系,用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasdiscovered。34.divided【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,德國被分裂為兩個獨(dú)立的國家。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合上文was可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填divided。35.beshouted【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意:杰克遜知道,如果他再加班到很晚,他會被罵的。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填謂語動詞,而would后應(yīng)加動詞原形,且及物動詞詞組shoutat與主語Jackson為被動關(guān)系。故填beshouted。36.wasbuilt【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:長城是樹千年前被建造的。根據(jù)時間狀語“thousandsofyearsago”可知,此處為一般過去時,主語TheGreatWall和build為被動關(guān)系,需用被動語態(tài),主語為單數(shù),謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填wasbuilt。37.hadbeenpleted【解析】考查動詞。句意:到去年年底,另一個神奇的設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)完成。分析句子,句中使用動詞作謂語,句中bytheendoflastyear為過去完成時時間標(biāo)志,同時design與plete之間為被動關(guān)系,故使用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填hadbeenpleted。38.appointment【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:我哥哥今天下午和牙醫(yī)有個約會。結(jié)合不定冠詞an可知,用單數(shù)名詞appointment作賓語。故填appointment。39.waseducated【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:他年輕時在一所很好的學(xué)校接受教育??仗帪橹骶渲^語動詞,主語與謂語educate構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)后文whenhewasyoung可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語為he,謂語用單數(shù)。故填waseducated。40.wereemployed【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:因此,當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民被雇傭來捕捉昆蟲,導(dǎo)致它們從整個地區(qū)消失。由從句中的謂語動詞ledto可知,空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時,空處主語是動作的承受者,所以空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài):was/weredone,主語是復(fù)數(shù)farmers,所以此處be動詞需用were。故填wereemployed。41.cuts【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這種刀子很鋒利。這是描述事實(shí),謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時,Thiskindofknife是單數(shù),謂語動詞也用單數(shù),故填cuts。42.wererescued【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:船員們安全獲救。陳述過去發(fā)生的事情,使用一般過去時,thecrew和rescue為被動關(guān)系,主語為集體名詞,be動詞用were。故填wererescued。43.wasneeded【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的人均糧食比狩獵和采集來的多,因此人們能夠養(yǎng)育更多的孩子。而且,隨著更多的孩子出生,需要更多的食物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,morefood與need構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,使用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)“wereableto”和“produced”可知,需用一般過去時,加上food是不可數(shù)名詞,所以需填wasneeded。故填wasneeded。44.awarded【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:她因兩部電影被授予獎項(xiàng)。這里句子的主語是she,謂語動詞是award,主語與謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系,空前有was,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填awarded。45.werehung【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:她臥室的窗戶上掛著昨天買的漂亮窗簾。此處為全部倒裝,主語somebeautifulcurtains與謂語動詞hang構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合后文whichwereboughtyesterday可知為一般過去時的被動語態(tài),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填werehung。46.wasfixed【解析】考查動詞。句意:吉姆聚精會神地聽講座,他所有的注意力都集中在上面。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語,句子表述過去事實(shí),故使用一般過去時。同時fix意為“集中,固定”,其與attention之間是被動關(guān)系,故使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasfixed。47.wasinvited【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:昨天晚上他被邀請吃飯。主語He和動詞invite之間是被動關(guān)系,結(jié)合“yesterdayevening”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語表示單數(shù)意義,be動詞用was,故填wasinvited。48.destroyed【解析】考查語態(tài)。句意:由于人類的活動,這個地區(qū)的土壤被破壞,變成了沙漠。soil與destroy之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動態(tài)。故填destroyed。49.havebeenappointed【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:自從十月底贏得全國銷售競賽以來,不僅愛麗絲,簡和瑪麗也被任命為當(dāng)?shù)厣痰甑慕?jīng)理??仗帪橹骶渲^語動詞,結(jié)合語境和連詞since判斷主句為現(xiàn)在完成時;notonly...butalso...連接并列主語時,符合就近原則,謂語動詞的形式和最近的主語保持一致,該句和JaneandMary保持一致,且主語和appoint之間為被動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。綜上,故填havebeenappointed。50.sounds【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這聽起來太棒了。算我一個!講述現(xiàn)在一般情況,謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,that是單數(shù),謂語動詞也用單數(shù),故填sounds。51.beingdiscussed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:現(xiàn)在會議上正在討論的問題是如何減少成本。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非謂語動詞,作定語,Theproblem和discuss之間是被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)now可知,此處表示該動作正在進(jìn)行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式,作定語。故填beingdiscussed。52.disqualified【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:兄弟倆的行為應(yīng)該被取消資格還是受到高度贊揚(yáng)?根據(jù)句意和下文“highlypraisedfor”可知,此處表示“被取消資格”,disqualified“取消……的資格”符合句意,與主語thebrothers是被動關(guān)系,空前有havebeen,故填disqualified。53.havebeenkilled【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:動物因?yàn)樗鼈兊钠っ陀鹈徊稓?,特別是在過去的幾十年里,僅僅因?yàn)樗鼈儞趿说?。根?jù)時間狀語inthepastfewdecades可知,原因現(xiàn)在完成時;另外,謂語動詞kill與主語Animals之間是動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài);主語Animals為復(fù)數(shù),謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填havebeenkilled。54.hasbeendamaged【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:它的破壞部分是由地震等自然力量造成的,但最大的破壞是人為造成的。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以空格處的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)句意和句中的“butthegreatestdamageofallhasbeencausedbyman”可知,空格處的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果;主語為It,助動詞用has。故填hasbeendamaged。55.hadbeentranslated【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:這是他的書第一次被翻譯成多種語言。由空

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