專題08 主謂一致典型用法歸納（講案） 原卷版

高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專題08主謂一致典型用法歸納（講案）原卷版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+精講精練+真題分類+作文升格+原創(chuàng)語填）目錄一、狀語從句快問快答P1二、狀語從句思維導(dǎo)圖P2考點(diǎn)清單一：語法一致八種典型用法P2考點(diǎn)清單二、就遠(yuǎn)一致典型用法P4考點(diǎn)清單三、意義一致五種典型用法(表解)P4考點(diǎn)清單四、就近一致兩種典型用法P5分層訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P6分層訓(xùn)練（二）單句填空（模擬試題）P6分層訓(xùn)練（三）單句改錯(cuò)（高考真題）P7分層訓(xùn)練（四）主謂一致助力應(yīng)用文寫作P7分層訓(xùn)練（五）語法填空P8（一）主謂一致語篇填空（20空）P8（二）主謂一致語篇填空（10空）P8一、主謂一致快問快答Q1：什么叫主謂一致？A1：顧名思義，主謂一致就是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞需要在人稱和數(shù)方面與句子主語保持一致。Q2：主謂一致分哪九大類型？A2：根據(jù)功能，分就遠(yuǎn)一致、就近一致、意義一致和語法一致等。Q3：學(xué)習(xí)主謂一致難點(diǎn)在哪里？A3：一是判斷主謂一致屬于哪種場(chǎng)合，二是在語法填空和寫作中正確運(yùn)用主謂一致。Q4：學(xué)好主謂一致有什么意義？A4：一能做好語法填空試題，二能在書面表達(dá)巧妙運(yùn)用主謂一致提升句子表達(dá)效果。Q5：如何才能學(xué)好主謂一致？A5：一是努力掌握主謂一致基本知識(shí)框架，二是加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練和背誦，積少成多，見多識(shí)廣。二、主謂一致考點(diǎn)思維導(dǎo)圖考點(diǎn)清單一：語法一致八種典型用法要點(diǎn)精講1：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingyesterdayisbeingquestioned.Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense----somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______________(not,decide)yet.2.Whatweneed_______(be)enoughwater,butwhattheyneed_______(be)houses.3.(2006天津)Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossiblenowdoesseempossible.4.(2010湖南)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts___________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.要點(diǎn)精講2：分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù),some,all,most,therest等修飾名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與修飾的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。Mostofhisincomehasbeenspentonbooks.Whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?Seventypercentofthepopulationinthatcountryarestillinpoverty.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。5.40%ofthepopulationinthatcountry________(be)young,andtwothirdsofthem_________(not)knowhowtoreadandwrite.6.(2006浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third__________(use)regularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.7.(2011湖南)One-thirdofthecountry__________(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______(be)blackpeople.要點(diǎn)精講3：and連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如果并列主語指同一個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語的前邊如果分別有each,

every,

或no修飾時(shí)，其謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Acartandhorsewasseeninthedirectionofthetown.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmadethesamemistakeinthemathexam.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。8.Butterandbread________(be)theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter__________(eat)upsofar.9.Earlytobedandearlytorise__________(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.10.In

our

country

every

boy

and

every

girl

________(have)the

right

to

receiveeducation.

11.(2006江蘇)Apoetandartist_______(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteraturethisafternoon.要點(diǎn)精講4：alargequantity/amountof…作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；largequantities/amountsof…作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargeamountofmoneyisspentonadvertisementseveryyear.Largeamountsofspecialfuelareneededtolauncharocketintospace.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。12.(2005山東)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofearth________(wash)awayeachyear.13.(2009福建)---Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?---Becauselargequantitiesofwater__________(pollute).要點(diǎn)精講5：thenumberof…表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語用單數(shù)；anumberof表示“若干，許多”，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。ThenumberofthestudentsinClass7is65.Andanumberofthemarekeenonreading.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。14.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______(be)fifty,butanumberofthem_______(be)absentfordifferentreasons.15.(2006全國II)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads__________(keep)risingthesedays.要點(diǎn)精講6：oneof…后接定語從句，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；theonlyoneof后接定語從句，從句謂語用單數(shù)。Johnsonisoneofthefarmerswholiveinthevalley.Johnsonistheonlyoneofthefarmerswholivesinthevalley.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。16.(2010全國II)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.17.Tommywasoneofthedoctorswho________(be)devotedtosavingpeople’slivesinWuHan.要點(diǎn)精講7：all,both,each,every,either,neither,none等代詞作主語，視意思而定。EachstudentinClass29hasatleastthreedictionaries.Thestudentseachhaveatleastthreedictionaries.Allofthemoneywasgiventothepoorvillagerslastmonth.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。18.Thesummerholidayiscomingandweeach______(be)readyforthepicnicinthepastweeks.19."All_______(be)presentandall_______(be)goingonwell,"ourheadteachersaid.20.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.21.(2008陜西)–Didyougototheshowlastnight?–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___________(invite).22.(2012湖南)Allthescientificevidence_____(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_______(be)damagingourhealth.要點(diǎn)精講8：在Itis…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中也應(yīng)考慮主謂一致。ItwasJimthatwaspraisedbytheheadmasterthismorning.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。23.ItisI,who_______(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.24.Itiscuttingdownoftreesthat________(destroy)thehabitatsofanimals.25.It_______(be)MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.考點(diǎn)清單二、就遠(yuǎn)一致典型用法要點(diǎn)精講：主語后面跟有下列介詞或介詞短語with，alongwith，togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,including,like,but,except，謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)與前邊的主語一致。Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtomyforty-ninthbirthdaypartylastFriday.Alice,togetherwithherfriends,waspraisedforhavingwonhonorfortheirschool.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(2019江蘇)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.2.(2019天津)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.(2017天津)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4.NoonebutJohnandhisteachers_________(know)thetruthoftheexperiment.考點(diǎn)清單三、意義一致五種典型用法用法標(biāo)志詞示例family等集體名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)成員謂語用復(fù)數(shù)family,class,committee,team,group,crew,audienceThefootballteamismadeupof23members.足球隊(duì)有23名隊(duì)員組成。Thefootballteamaretrainingontheplayground.足球隊(duì)正在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)訓(xùn)練。某些集體名詞如people謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)people,police,cattle,oxenThepolicearesearchingtheforestfortheescapedprisoners.警察正在尋找逃逸囚犯。TheChinesepeoplearehard-workingandbrave.中國人勤勞勇敢。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義或限定詞決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,JapaneseSuchachemicalworksistobeclosednextyear.這樣一家化工廠將于明年關(guān)閉。Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.由于棲息地遭到破壞，這個(gè)物種幾乎滅絕了。the+形容詞（或分詞）主語表示一類人時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。rich,thepoor,thebrave,theinjured,theliving,thewoundedTherichofthedistrictareresponsible.這個(gè)地區(qū)的富人有責(zé)任。Thebeautifulisthetrue.美就是真。名詞短語作主語表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍等概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)24years,NewYorkTimesEighthoursofsleepisenoughforachild.八個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠對(duì)一個(gè)孩子來說已經(jīng)足夠了。TheUnitedNationswasfoundedonOctober24,1945.聯(lián)合國成立于1945年10月24日?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Herfamily_________(be)largerthanmineandherfamily__________(watch)TVnow.2.Afterhearinghisinspiringspeech,theaudience_____________(move)byhisstoryandhiswords.3.Thecommittee_________(make)upof20members,who_________(be)allexpertsinmedicine.4.Thepolice_____________(search)forthemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.5.Everypossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.6.Allpossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.7.Theelderly_____________(take)

goodcareofinourcountryatpresent.8.Threeyears___________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_____(be)reallyalongtime.9.(2017江蘇)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which___________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens,statusasaleadingnovelist.10.Thebeautiful_______(be)notalwaysuseful,whiletheyoung_______(be)alwaysstrivingforsomethinguseless.考點(diǎn)清單四、就近一致兩種典型用法要點(diǎn)精講1：并列連詞either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but,notonly…butalso…等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。Isneitherhenoryoutellingthetruth?Notonlyyoubutalsosheistoblameforthetrafficaccident.Neithertheleadernorthefarmersareresponsiblefortheheavylosses.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents_______(be)fondofplayingbasketball.2.Bothyouandhe_____(be)tohosttheTalentShowinourschoolthisyear?3.(2009湖南)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_______(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要點(diǎn)精講2：Therebe句型及Thefollowing句型語應(yīng)與最近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。Thereisapencilandtwodictionariesonthedesk.Therearetwodictionariesandapencilonthedesk.Thefollowingistheinformationaboutplayswhichwillbeonthesedays.

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。4.Thefollowing_______(be)someotherexamplesforyoutoreferto. 5.There_______(be)millionsofwebsitesontheInternetandthere_______(be)alotofusefulinformationonthewebsites.6.Inthe1980s,buriedinthesands________(be)anancientvillage,likeatimecapsule.分層訓(xùn)練（一）高考真題用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(2022新高考II)Henry____________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.2.(2021北京)Asit____________(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.3.(2021天津)Currently,about35,000works____________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.4.(2020江蘇)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______(suit)everyone.5.(2020天津)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand__________(remain)aroundthatlevelsince.6.(2020全國II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.7.(2019全國Ⅰ)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six

_____

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

8.(2019全國II)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

_______

(make)overtheyears.9.(2019全國III)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we

__________

(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.

10.(2017全國Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt__________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.分層訓(xùn)練（二）模擬試題用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11.Here_______(be)apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.12.Nowmorethanonemember_______(be)againsttheplan.13.Thiskindofcartoons_______(sell)wellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkind___________badly(sell).14.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,_______(be)tobebuilthere.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________(be)playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.16.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_______(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.17.---Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirlessons

__________(read)thebook.---SohaveI.

18.Thenumberofthestudentswho________(possess)cellphones________(be)increasingrapidly,whichaffectsthenormalteachingbadly.19.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.20.Sofaraseriesofproblems_____________(bring)aboutbythisdecision.分層訓(xùn)練（三）單句改錯(cuò)下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并糾正。21.（2023全國甲卷）Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomemoremeaningfultome.22.Kate,oneofmyclosefriends,comefromGuangzhou.23.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishforaholiday.24.Thewriterandtranslatoraredeliveringaspeechinourschoolnow.25.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing.26.Largequantitiesoffoodhasbeensenttotheflood-strickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.27.Theteacher,aswellas6girlsand8boys,werevisitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.28.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIknowthatthedirectorwillresign.29.Thecountrylifetheelderlycouplewasusedtohavechangedgreatlysince1992.30.Whatthescienceteacherdoesandsaysareofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.分類訓(xùn)練（四）主謂一致助力應(yīng)用文寫作書面表達(dá)句式升級(jí)：請(qǐng)運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致翻譯下列各句。1.(2024新高考I卷)我們的任務(wù)是畫一些給我們印象最深的東西。___________________________________________________________________________________________2.(2023全國乙卷)學(xué)唱英文歌對(duì)我來說是難忘經(jīng)歷，這讓我藝術(shù)性欣賞人生之美。___________________________________________________________________________________________3.(2022全國乙卷)結(jié)果是說到學(xué)英語，學(xué)生們喜歡用娛樂的方式而不是傳統(tǒng)的方式。___________________________________________________________________________________________4.(2022全國甲卷)保護(hù)海洋就是保護(hù)我們自己。___________________________________________________________________________________________5.(2022全國甲卷)海洋對(duì)于我們?nèi)祟惥拖袼畬?duì)于魚類一樣重要。___________________________________________________________________________________________6.(2022全國甲卷)世界海洋日，排在6月8日，目的是提高我們海洋保護(hù)意識(shí)。___________________________________________________________________________________________7.(2022新高考I卷)首先，我們的節(jié)目每周工作日下午4：30開始，持續(xù)20分鐘。這突出校園生活、最新國內(nèi)國際新聞。___________________________________________________________________________________________8.(2022新高考I卷)我謹(jǐn)代表校廣播站邀請(qǐng)你擔(dān)任我們Talk-talk欄目訪談嘉賓。___________________________________________________________________________________________9.(2021全國乙卷)我在這里呼吁的是建立時(shí)間表，把線上學(xué)習(xí)和線下學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合起來。___________________________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)自從我訂閱你們報(bào)紙以來成為忠實(shí)的讀者。___________________________________________________________________________________________分類訓(xùn)練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）（一）主謂一致語法填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，注意主謂一致。MynewdeskmateJames,whoseparents1(teach)EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,2(come)fromtheUnitedStates,which3(be)oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparents4(enjoy)livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparents5(finding)itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhere6(be)easytounderstandandtenyears7(be)enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.I,togetherwithJames,8(be)extremelyfondofEnglishbutphysics9(seem)ratherdifficultforus.Besides,bothheandI10(be)crazyaboutreadingstorybooks,andtheArabianNights11(be)oneo