必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷

必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2024·青海西寧·三模）It’smunityDayagain!TheeventthatMapleEstateresidentsareeagerlylookingforwardtoisjustaroundthecorner!Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.MapleEstatehasbeencelebratingmunityDayeverymonthformorethanayear.Bynow,wehopeallourresidentsunderstandtheimportanceofformingstrongbondswithourneighbours.Ifyouhavejustmovedtoourlovelyestateandhavenothadtheopportunitytoknowyourneighbours,youcandosobyjoiningatmunityDay!AugustHighlight:MapleEstateChefsCallallresidentswhoarekeentopracticeyourcookingskillsandletyourneighbourssampleyourcooking!Youwillbethestarsoftheupingevent!Visitmaplerc.sgformoreinformationandtoregisterforthisactivity.Kitchenequipmentandbasicingredientswillbeprovided.Youwillreceivea$50shoppingvoucherthatyoucanusetopurchaseotheringredientsfromMapleMartthedaybeforetheevent.Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024!Wearesureeveryonewillenjoythedeliciousdishes!Time:From10a.m.to6p.m,6Aug.,2024Place:MaplemunityClubEntry:FlashyourMapleResidentCard“MywifeandImovedtoMapleEstatewhenwegotmarried.Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.Eventhoughweknewthatourneighbourswerefriendlyandwouldsometimesinviteusfortheirgatherings,wewereoccupiedwithgettingthingsready.However,itwasn’tlongbeforewegrewcuriousaboutthemunityDaycelebrations.Afterwestartedattendingthemregularly,wemetmanyneighbours.Thefirsttimeweinvitedsomeofthemover,weplayedgamesthathelpedustogettoknowoneanotherbetter!”—Mr.Wang,aMapleEstateresidentsince20221．WhatdothemunityDayeventsaimtodo?A．Toteachhowtocookmeals. B．Todevelopmunityspirit.C．Tomeetdiverseneedsofneighbours. D．Tomakethemunitycleaner.2．WhatdoyouhavetodoifyouwanttotakepartintheMapleEstateChefs?A．Tosignupbefore21July,2024. B．Toprovidebasicingredients.C．Touseyourownkitchenequipment. D．Topayaregistrationfeeof$50.3．Mr.andMrs.Wangdidn’tsocializewiththeirneighboursmuchatfirstbecause______.A．theyspentalltheirtimeatworkB．theyweren’tinvitedforthegatheringsC．theywerebusybeautifyingtheirhomeD．theylackedinformationaboutthemunity【答案】1．B2．A3．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹munityDay的活動(dòng)詳情。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.(一如既往，楓葉社區(qū)委員會(huì)策劃了一個(gè)旨在弘揚(yáng)社區(qū)精神的活動(dòng)。)”可知，活動(dòng)目的是為了培養(yǎng)社區(qū)精神。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章方框內(nèi)“Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024.(請(qǐng)記得在2024年7月21日之前注冊(cè)報(bào)名。)”可知，如果你想?yún)⒓訔魅~莊園廚師大賽，你必須在2024年7月21日之前報(bào)名。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.(幾個(gè)月來，我們把下班后的所有空閑時(shí)間都用來裝修房子。)”可知，王先生和王先生太太起初不怎么和他們的鄰居交往，因?yàn)樗麄兡菚r(shí)在忙著裝修房子。故選C。B（2024·湖南長沙·三模）In2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandboundfortheWinterOlympics.Butinaninstant,itcametoanend.Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的)braininjury.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22yearold’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamquithisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrehab.Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”AdamPearcesaid,“Wewerelike,‘Weneedtofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.’”Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.“Ithinkpeoplefeelisolatedafterbraininjurybecausetheydon’tfeelable,andwhenyoudon’tfeelable,yougenerallyretreatbackinside.”Adamsaid,“Attheseretreats,peoplearegiventhespacetoleanintothosedeepchallengesandexpressthemandtalkaboutthem.”Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.“Connectionhappensquicklybecausethere’ssuchasharedmonunderstandingamongthegroup.”Adamsaid.“Oncesomeoneseessomeonebevulnerable,itinstantlyallowsthenextperson(tobe).Bytheend,peoplestarttoseevulnerabilityasasuperpower.”4．WhatpreventedKevinfromcareerdevelopment?A．Aseverebraincancer. B．Anewtrainingroutine.C．Adevastatingaccident. D．Asnowboardingtest..5．WhydidKevinstartdoingyoga?A．Topickupsnowboarding. B．Toregainrespect.C．Torecoverfrombraininjury. D．Tolearnhowtomeditate.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A．Costly. B．Ambitious. C．Diverse. D．Healing.7．Whatsectionofthewebsitemightthetextbefound?A．Natureanduniverse. B．Socialinnovations.C．Technologicaldiscoveries. D．Themagicalworld.【答案】4．C5．C6．D7．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了突發(fā)意外重傷的Kevin在瑜伽的幫助下逐漸恢復(fù)健康，Kevin和哥哥創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)為腦部受傷人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服務(wù)的非營利性組織。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的)braininjury.(在訓(xùn)練中，他的頭撞到了管子的邊緣，導(dǎo)致了創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷)”可知，Kevin在訓(xùn)練中意外受傷，腦部重創(chuàng)。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的)braininjury.(在訓(xùn)練中，他的頭撞到了管子的邊緣，導(dǎo)致了創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷)”、第二段“Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.(他必須重新學(xué)習(xí)走路和說話，從頭開始)”以及第三段“Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”(他最終開始練瑜伽，他的家人看到了瑜伽如何改變了他，給了他希望：“這是我第一次如此清楚地記得和他一起上完課，在他的臉上看到了這種新的表情，這個(gè)新的人?！?”可知，為了從腦部損傷中恢復(fù)，Kevin開始練習(xí)瑜伽，故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.(最終，該組織的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的空間和支持性的社區(qū)，在這里，與大腦相關(guān)的殘疾人可以一起治愈)”可知，LoveYourBrainFoundation是有治愈作用的。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.(希望通過瑜伽和冥想給他人帶來希望和治愈。Adain和Kevin在2014年共同創(chuàng)立了“愛你的大腦”基金會(huì)。這家非營利組織在美國各地為長期患有腦相關(guān)殘疾的人提供為期一周的冥想和社區(qū)瑜伽課程)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文講述了兩兄弟創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)為腦部受傷人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服務(wù)的非營利性組織，這屬于社會(huì)創(chuàng)新范疇。故選B。C（2024·廣東廣州·三模）InSwitzerland,anambitiousproposalcouldseetheconstructionofanexpansiveundergroundnetworkthroughwhichselfdrivingpods(吊艙)wouldtransportgoodsacrossthecountry.Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(貨物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(樞紐)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin,earlierin2023CSTbeganitspreliminaryworkinthefield—exploratorydrillingalongtheH?rkingenNiederbipproute.ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.Althoughahugeamountoffundingstillneedstobefound,muchofthetechnologyfortheautomationandoperationofthenetworkalreadyexists.Anotherkeychallengeisworkingouthowtotransportfreightabovegroundfromthetunnelstostoresincities—withoutaddingtoroadtraffic.Despiteallthehurdles,PatrikAellig,headofmunicationforCST,remainsoptimistic.CSTis“attheforefront”ofundergroundfreighttransport.8．WhatmainlyledtotheprojectCST?A．Expensivetruckdrivers. B．Seriousshortageoffuel.C．Environmentalconcern. D．Heavyfreighttransportation.9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Topresentthewaythenetworkwillwork. B．Toprovideablueprintofthenetwork.C．Toprovetheefficiencyofthenetwork. D．Toshowtheadvancementofthenetwork.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preliminary”meaninparagraph4?A．Innovative. B．Significant. C．Preparatory. D．Constructive.11．WhatisagreatchallengeforCST?A．Absenceoffund. B．Lackoftechnology.C．Lastmiledelivery. D．Transportsafety.【答案】8．D9．B10．C11．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了瑞士要建設(shè)一個(gè)龐大的地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在全國范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)輸貨物。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(貨物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.(該項(xiàng)目被稱為貨運(yùn)地面（CST），旨在減少對(duì)卡車運(yùn)輸貨物的依賴。全球貨運(yùn)需求正在增長，就像世界上許多地方出現(xiàn)卡車司機(jī)短缺一樣。與此同時(shí)，燃料價(jià)格上漲使得公路運(yùn)輸成本更高，而公路貨運(yùn)占全球二氧化碳排放量的6%左右)”可知，嚴(yán)重的貨物運(yùn)輸壓力主要導(dǎo)致了CST項(xiàng)目。故選D。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(樞紐)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.(如果建成，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)將從瑞士西部的日內(nèi)瓦延伸到東北部的圣加侖，全長約500公里，并將于2045年左右完工。隧道網(wǎng)絡(luò)將位于地下40至80米，自動(dòng)駕駛艙將以每小時(shí)30公里的速度沿著三條車道行駛。貨物將在指定的集散地裝卸，使用升降機(jī)將貨物運(yùn)送到地面)”可知，作者在第3段打算提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)的藍(lán)圖。故選B。10．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin”可知，該項(xiàng)目于2021年獲得瑞士政府批準(zhǔn)，而在施工開始之前還有很長的路要走，說明2023年初進(jìn)行的是準(zhǔn)備性的工作。故劃線詞意思是“準(zhǔn)備性的”。故選C。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.(CST面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)將是費(fèi)用。CST估計(jì)整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將耗資約300億瑞士法郎(340億美元)。該項(xiàng)目將完全由私人投資，投資者包括瑞士信貸、Coop和西門子。雖然還需要大量的資金，但大部分網(wǎng)絡(luò)自動(dòng)化和運(yùn)營的技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在)”可知，CST面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏資金。故選A。D（2024·河南信陽·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcement(強(qiáng)化)learning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(協(xié)議)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模擬)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.Accordingtothepany,Eurekadoesn’tneedplicatedremindersorevenprewrittenpatterns;instead,itsimplybeginsexperimentingwithaprogram,andthenfollowsanyexternalhumanfeedback.Inthepany’sannouncement,Linxi“Jim”Fan,aseniorresearchscientistatNVIDIA,describedEurekaasauniquebinationofLLMsandsimulationprogramming.“WebelievethatEurekawillenablerobotstocontrolitemsflexiblyandprovideanewwaytoproducephysicallyrealisticanimationsforartists,”Fanadded.Aftertestingitstrainingprotocolwithinanadvancedsimulationprogram,EurekathenanalyzesitscollecteddataanddirectstheLLMtofurtherimproveuponitsdesign.Theresultisaprotocolcapableofsuccessfullynumberingavarietyofrobotichanddesignstooperatescissors,turnpensandopencupboardswithinaphysicsaccuratesimulatedenvironment.Eureka’salternativestohumanwrittentrialanderrorlearningprogramsaren’tjusteffective—inmostcases,they’reactuallybetterthanthoseauthoredbyhumans.Intheteam’sopensourceresearchpaperfindings,Eurekadesignedrewardprogramsoutperformedhumans’codeinover80percentofthetasks—amountingtoanaverageperformanceimprovementofover50percentintheroboticsimulations.“Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”12．WhyisAIusedforthetraining?A．Tosimplifyrobots’tasks. B．ToadvertiseOpenAI’sGPT4.C．Tospeedupthetrainingprocess. D．Torecognizeartists’roleinartcreation.13．WhatdoesEurekaneedtodointhetraining?A．Designrewardprograms. B．Copyprewrittenpatterns.C．Getplicatedreminders. D．Avoidhumanintervention.14．HowdoesAnimaAnandkumarfindEureka?A．Itisstillpoorattherewarddesign. B．Itshouldlearnfromhardtasks.C．Ithasfewchallengestosolve. D．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Trialanderrorlearningprogramsarepromising.B．Robotscanfinishplextasksthroughlearning.C．Reinforcementlearningimprovesroboticsimulations.D．AIcanbetterteachasimulatedrobotichandtoperformtasks.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了NVIDIA研究團(tuán)隊(duì)使用OpenAI的GPT4大型語言模型來訓(xùn)練一個(gè)名為Eureka的AI代理，該代理能夠自主編寫基于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)軟件代碼，并成功指導(dǎo)模擬的機(jī)器人手執(zhí)行近30項(xiàng)復(fù)雜任務(wù)。文章詳細(xì)描述了Eureka的工作原理、優(yōu)勢(shì)以及在模擬環(huán)境中的測(cè)試結(jié)果，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)展示了Eureka編寫的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)程序在大部分任務(wù)上超越了人類編寫的代碼。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcementlearning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.

Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.

(研究人員正在訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人通過試錯(cuò)強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)來完成越來越多的任務(wù)，而這種學(xué)習(xí)通常既費(fèi)力又耗時(shí)。為了提供幫助，人類現(xiàn)在正在使用大型語言模型（LLM）人工智能。)”可知，使用AI進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練是為了加快訓(xùn)練過程。故選C。13．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.(NVIDIA的新“人工智能代理”Eureka使用GPT4，要求大型語言模型編寫自己的基于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)軟件代碼。)”可知，Eureka在訓(xùn)練中需要設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)程序。故選A。14．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段““Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”(人工智能研究員AnimaAnandkumar表示：“在過去十年中，強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)取得了令人印象深刻的勝利，但仍然存在許多挑戰(zhàn)，比如獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)設(shè)計(jì)，這仍然是一個(gè)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)的過程?！薄癊ureka是開發(fā)新算法的第一步，它將生成和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)方法整合在一起，以解決困難的任務(wù)?！?”可知，AnimaAnandkumar認(rèn)為Eureka具有開創(chuàng)性意義。故選D。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(協(xié)議)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模擬)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.(NVIDIAResearch的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)指導(dǎo)了一項(xiàng)由OpenAI的GPT4驅(qū)動(dòng)的人工智能協(xié)議，以教授模擬機(jī)械手近30個(gè)復(fù)雜任務(wù)，包括扔球、推積木、按開關(guān)和其他一些令人印象深刻的能力。)”可知，本文主要講述AI能夠更好地教會(huì)模擬機(jī)械手執(zhí)行任務(wù)。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2024·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）It’snormalforteenagerstofeelnervous,butifnervousnesspreventsyoufromspeakingupinclassormakingfriends,youmayhaveamonconditionknownassocialanxietydisorder.Toovereit,youneedtotakesomemeasures.Practicedeepbreathingtoeaseanxiety.Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.16Trytomakeeyecontactandsmileatpeople.Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.17Brieflymakingeyecontactandflashingasmilehelpsyouseemcool,sotheymayeupandtalktoyou.Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.18Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.What’smore,creativeactivitiesalsoallowyoutoreleaseanxietyandturnitintosomethingspecial,likeasongorapainting.19Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings(兄弟姐妹)yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.Sharesomeofyourfearsandaskthemforsupport.Forexample,youmightaskyoursiblingifit’sokaytositwiththematlunchsoyou’renoteatingalone.Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.20Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.Forexample,youmightstartexposingyourselftoeatinginmonareasatschool.A．Signupforaband,drama,orart.B．Talktotrustedonesandaskfortheirhelp.C．Thus,avoidfacetofacemunicationatfirst.D．Youcan’texpecttobefreeofanxietyovernight.E．Youcanstartbytryingtopresentyourselfasapproachable.F．Sitdownwithatrustedpersonandlistthesituationsthatcauseanxiety.G．Thisisahandytoolyoucanalwaysusetogetahandleonyouranxiety.【答案】16．G17．E18．A19．B20．F【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文就如何克服社交焦慮提出了一些建議。16．根據(jù)上文“Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.”（如果焦慮在演講前或在改變的鈴聲響起之前襲來，做幾次深呼吸以平靜下來。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明深呼吸的作用。故G選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)方便的工具，你可以用它來控制你的焦慮?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)上文“Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.”（在學(xué)校里與其他孩子隨意交談似乎太難了）可知，空格處承接上文說明如何使交談變得容易。選項(xiàng)E“你可以從試著表現(xiàn)自己平易近人開始開始”切題。故選E項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)上文“Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.”（將你的焦慮轉(zhuǎn)化為創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)）和下文“Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.”（這些活動(dòng)不僅會(huì)帶來積極的自我價(jià)值，還會(huì)暫時(shí)讓你遠(yuǎn)離煩惱）可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下具體說明是哪些活動(dòng)。故A選項(xiàng)“報(bào)名參加樂隊(duì)、戲劇或藝術(shù)活動(dòng)”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)下文“Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings（兄弟姐妹）yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.”（如果你有同齡的朋友或兄弟姐妹，可以考慮和他們談?wù)勆缃唤箲]。）可知，本段在講要向信任的人尋求幫助。故B選項(xiàng)“和你信任的人談?wù)?，尋求他們的幫助”切題。故選B項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)上文“Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.”（逐漸練習(xí)讓自己暴露在可怕的環(huán)境中）和下文“Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.”（制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃，讓自己接觸這些情況，從那些引起最少焦慮的情況開始。）可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下說明具體的做法是什么。故F選項(xiàng)“和一個(gè)值得信任的人坐下來，列出導(dǎo)致焦慮的情況?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·湖北襄陽·三模）Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003.I'dneversetfootin21before.I'vealwaysbeena(n)22—I'veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkabout.edy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,ediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It'shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam,Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage,I'mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakea35seatinlife.21．A．edy B．tragedy C．drama D．mime22．A．a(chǎn)udience B．performer C．worker D．producer23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque24．A．entertained B．seen C．a(chǎn)ctive D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation26．A．heldon B．gottogether C．tookup D．pluckedup27．A．make B．bee C．a(chǎn)pprove D．a(chǎn)llow28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally29．A．pull B．see C．get D．break30．A．a(chǎn)mused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．a(chǎn)pplause32．A．bored B．a(chǎn)ddicted C．disinterested D．unexpected33．A．reminder B．motivatione C．challenge D．inspiration34．A．reach B．a(chǎn)rrive C．a(chǎn)pproach D．surpass35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．A25．C26．D27．A28．B29．D30．C31．A32．B33．D34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名喜劇演員，在老年時(shí)期重新開始了表演生涯的經(jīng)歷，盡管面對(duì)年齡和性別上的挑戰(zhàn)，她通過勇氣和決心克服了困難，并贏得了觀眾的喜愛和尊重。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前從未涉足過喜劇。A.edy喜??；B.tragedy悲??；C.drama戲??；D.mime啞劇表演。由上文“Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003”中的edian可知，作者以前從未涉足過喜劇俱樂部。故選A項(xiàng)。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直是一名表演者—我曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家—但這一切都在9/11之后結(jié)束了。A.audience觀眾；B.performer表演者；C.worker工人；D.producer生產(chǎn)商。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician”可知，作者曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家，一直是一名表演者。故選B項(xiàng)。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我住在紐約，我們看著宏偉的塔樓從我的公寓樓倒塌。A.modern現(xiàn)代的；B.beautiful美麗的；C.grand宏偉的；D.picturesque優(yōu)美的。由上文“9/11”和常識(shí)可知，9/11事件中恐怖分子劫持客機(jī)撞擊世貿(mào)大廈，宏偉的塔樓被撞倒塌。故選C項(xiàng)。24．考查動(dòng)詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后的一年里，沒有人想出去或娛樂。A.entertained娛樂；B.seen看見；C.active積極的；D.public公共的。由下文“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle____5__Icoulddoit.”可知，911恐怖襲擊后人們回避外出或娛樂活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識(shí)到人們需要笑，重新享受生活，并認(rèn)為只要一點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練我就能做到。A.exercise鍛煉；B.practice練習(xí)；C.training訓(xùn)練；D.meditation冥想。由下文“Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine(我上了幾節(jié)課，試著找出一些套路)”可知，作者認(rèn)為開始喜劇表演只需稍加訓(xùn)練。故選C項(xiàng)。26．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我上了幾節(jié)課，試著找出一些套路，最后鼓起勇氣站上舞臺(tái)。A.heldon繼續(xù)；B.gottogether聚在一起；C.tookup占據(jù)；D.pluckedup鼓起勇氣、振作。由下文“thecouragetogetuponstage”和“Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.(第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者初涉喜劇，感到害怕，所以要鼓起勇氣站上舞臺(tái)。故選D項(xiàng)。27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道觀眾會(huì)怎么看我。A.make制作；B.bee變成；C.approve批準(zhǔn)；D.allow允許。由上文“finally6thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying(最后鼓起勇氣站上舞臺(tái)。第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者第一次站在喜劇舞臺(tái)上感到害怕，需要鼓起勇氣站上舞臺(tái)，該空應(yīng)表明作者產(chǎn)生此種心理的原因，擔(dān)憂觀眾對(duì)自己的看法，makeof(看待)。故選A項(xiàng)。28．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人。A.exclusively唯一地；B.typically通常；C.rarely很少；D.occasionally偶爾。由下文“It'shardenoughto____9____throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother”可知，作者已經(jīng)上了年紀(jì)的老婦人，要成為喜劇演員是一件非常難以突破的事情，難在喜劇演員通常是“youngmenwithbeards”可知，此處指喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人。故選B項(xiàng)。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)女人很難突破，對(duì)于一個(gè)年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人來說更是如此。A.pull拉動(dòng)；B.see看見；C.get得到；D.break打破。由上文“InNewYork,ediansare8youngmenwithbeards.(在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人)”可知，喜劇演員一般是男性，所以作為一位上了年紀(jì)的女性，很難取得突破(breakthrough)。故選D項(xiàng)。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們看到我顯然很驚訝。A.amused好笑的；B.expected預(yù)期的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.indifferent漠不關(guān)心的。由上文“InNewYork,ediansare8youngmenwithbeards.(在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人)”和“someoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother(一個(gè)年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人)”可知，喜劇演員一般是年輕男性，而作者是一位上了年紀(jì)的女性，所以她的登臺(tái)會(huì)讓觀眾感到驚訝。故選C項(xiàng)。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一片沉默。A.silence沉默；B.hesitation猶豫；C.disbelief不相信；D.applause掌聲。由下文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但當(dāng)我講到第三句話時(shí)，人們都笑得合不攏嘴)”中“But”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下文講說到第三句話時(shí)人們都在笑，說明在此之前大家都保持沉默，構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選A項(xiàng)。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我上癮了。A.bored無聊的；B.addicted上癮的；C.disinterested客觀的；D.unexpected出乎意料的。由上文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但當(dāng)我講到第三句話時(shí)，人們都笑得合不攏嘴)”以及下文“Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100”可知，大家認(rèn)可作者講的笑話，作者從第一次上舞臺(tái)感到緊張到現(xiàn)在可以在100人面前表演整整一個(gè)小時(shí)，說明作者有成就感，所以對(duì)表演喜劇上癮了。故選B項(xiàng)。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：演出結(jié)束后，年輕人和老年人都走到我面前，說我是一個(gè)多么鼓舞人心的人。A.reminder提醒；B.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.inspiration鼓舞人心的人(或事物)。由下文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme(他們說，他們想和我一樣活躍)”可知，作者的行為鼓舞了看表演的年輕人和老年人，他們才會(huì)想要成為和作者一樣活躍的人。故選D項(xiàng)。34．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們說，當(dāng)他們達(dá)到我的年齡時(shí)，他們想和我一樣活躍。A.reach到達(dá)；B.arrive到達(dá)；C.approach接近；D.surpass超過。由上文語境可知，高齡的作者仍然活躍在舞臺(tái)上，再結(jié)合上文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme”可知，看表演的年輕人和老年人想到達(dá)我的年齡時(shí)跟我一樣活躍，及物動(dòng)詞reach后面直接加賓語，arrive為不及物動(dòng)詞。故選A項(xiàng)。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興我能證明，作為一個(gè)老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二線。A.dominant占主導(dǎo)地位的；B.leading主要的；C.back后面的；D.passive被動(dòng)的。由上文語境可知，高齡的作者仍然活躍在舞臺(tái)上，并未在生活中退居二線，takeabackseat(讓權(quán)于他人、退居次要位置)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)（2024·山東濟(jì)南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Larou,orpreservedmeat,isawinterseasonspecialtyinChina.Theyarecustomarilymadeduringthelastlunarmonthonthe36(tradition)Chinesecalendarwhenthetemperatureiscool37notfreezingtodryandpreservethesestaples.Larou,generallyreferstoporkproductswhileothercuredmeat,lawei,ismadeacrossChina38(depend)onlocalavailability,usinggoose,duck,rabbit,andevenseafood.Thepreservedmeat39(consider)aformofculturalheritageinmanyplaces.Similartobacon,theChinesepreservedmeatismadewithlargequantitiesofsalt,someof40aresmokedoverwithfire41(achieve)moreflavor.TherearemanykindsofpreservedmeatinChinawith42(incredible)diverseingredientsandrecipes,bringingawiderangeofflavorsfromsweettohot.Eachregionhasitsownseasoningandflavorprofile.TheCantonese43(vary)issweet,flavoredwithsugar,ricewine,andsoysauce.InSichuan,ittendstobehotter,seasonedwithchilipepperandSichuanpepperpowder.Bothofthemaregreatchoices44ingredientsfordisheslikefriedriceandvegetablestirfry.CuredpoultryproductsaremonlyfoundinSouthChina.Theyareslaughtered,butchered,andrubbedwithalcoholbeforesalting,which45(dry)outthemeatandpreventsbacteriagrowingonit.【答案】36．traditional37．but/yet38．depending39．isconsidered40．which41．toachieve42．incredibly43．variation44．a(chǎn)s45．dries【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇