《高水分禾草青貯飼料質(zhì)量分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》編制說明

《高水分禾草青貯飼料質(zhì)量分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》編制說明 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 3的調(diào)控機(jī)理”(2021YFH0155)、“飼料飼草化學(xué)成分遷移與種養(yǎng)循環(huán)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”(2023YFD1301400)、“優(yōu)質(zhì)青粗飼料資源開發(fā)利用示范項(xiàng)目”(16200157)、套較為完善的高水分禾草青貯飼料青貯技術(shù)及評(píng)價(jià)體系。4本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T1.1-2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)《GB/T10468水果和蔬菜產(chǎn)品pH值的測(cè)技術(shù)及品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)相關(guān)內(nèi)容開展了多年研究工作，對(duì)青貯高水分牧草的適宜收獲點(diǎn)的高水分禾草青貯飼料加工技術(shù)示范獲得成功，于2016年到2021年在瀘州、常年從飼草青貯調(diào)制加工與利用相關(guān)研究，5GB/T1.1-2020的制定程序和編寫要求《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件準(zhǔn)報(bào)批稿紙質(zhì)文本和電子文本及專家意見匯總表等交北京華夏草業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新6推動(dòng)南方濕熱地區(qū)高水分牧草青貯料利用效益最本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編寫學(xué)術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)主要來自四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和參考他人纖維含量低，但其青貯后氨態(tài)氮/總氮高，蛋白損失高；而狼尾草屬牧草粗蛋白含量低，纖維含量高，但其青貯后氨態(tài)氮/總氮低，營(yíng)養(yǎng)損失少。此外，不同生育階其pH含量逐漸增加，而高水分燕麥與之相反，三種高水分牧草乳酸及氨態(tài)氮含量7收獲期干物質(zhì)pH氨態(tài)氮(%TN)乳酸(%DM)可溶性糖(%DM)粗蛋白質(zhì)(%DM)中性洗滌纖維(%DM)孕穗期4.4121.9042.95抽穗期22.078.574.993.6846.03開花期24.594.238.273.420.8248.67數(shù)據(jù)來源：張文潔,董臣飛,丁成龍,許能祥,程云輝.收獲期對(duì)多花黑麥草營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和青貯品質(zhì)的影響[J].中國(guó)草地學(xué)報(bào),2016,38(05):32-37.收獲期干物質(zhì)(%)pH氨態(tài)氮(%TN)乳酸(%DM)可溶性碳糖(%DM)粗蛋白質(zhì)(%DM)中性洗滌纖維(%DM)抽穗期4.083.833.325.188.7143.89開花期25.554.255.073.097.366.4553.64乳熟期29.354.358.512.536.0153.50數(shù)據(jù)來源：甘麗,李海萍,汪輝,陳有軍,陳仕勇,蔣永梅,張珈敏,梁驥,關(guān)皓,周青平.生育期和混播比例對(duì)四川冬閑田燕麥/箭筈豌豆混合青貯品質(zhì)的影響[J].草地學(xué)報(bào),2023,31(06):1867-1877.表3不同收獲時(shí)期對(duì)高水分雜交狼尾草青刈割時(shí)期DM(%)CP(%DM)ADF(%DM)NDF(%DM)pH乳酸(%DM)(%DM)氨態(tài)氮(%TN)40d18.21c13.24a43.18c63.22d4.267.21e2.62a13.84b50d20.21a45.33b66.38c4.139.29a5.44e17.83ba60d19.34b10.03d45.13b73.51b3.958.75b13.83b70d19.73b12.53b48.63ab72.46b3.958.76b10.28c880d19.43b8.40e53.37a76.44a4.038.47c13.37b90d10.35d49.71ab76.71a8.02d13.26b數(shù)據(jù)來源：王欣,王玉培,曾憲競(jìng),等.刈割時(shí)間對(duì)雜交狼尾草青貯質(zhì)量與營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分含量的影響[J].中國(guó)奶牛,2009,(07):8-11營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)也顯著不同。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著壓實(shí)密度的增加，狼尾草屬牧草青貯pH值逐漸增加，而燕麥青貯pH值逐漸降低，但當(dāng)壓實(shí)密度在500kg.m-3-900kg.m-3時(shí)，所有青貯pH均低于4.5。此外，兩種高水分禾草青貯氨態(tài)氮含量均隨著壓實(shí)密度增加而增加。在不同壓實(shí)密度下，兩種高水分禾草青貯粗蛋白含量均趨于pH數(shù)據(jù)來源：路桂聰,許輝,玉永雄,蔣曹德.不同添加物和密度對(duì)雜交狼尾草青貯效果的影響[J].草業(yè)科學(xué),2021,38(11):2191-2199.pH數(shù)據(jù)來源：張紅玉.壓實(shí)密度和添加劑對(duì)飼用燕麥青貯品質(zhì)及有氧穩(wěn)定性的影響[D].沈9陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2023.AN/TN值和BA含量分別低于10%和10mg/g。乳酸菌添加劑對(duì)除LA含量外的各指AA含量、LAB數(shù)目顯著升高，PA、BA含量和Yeasts量都呈現(xiàn)出不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，其他處理則無明顯的變化草屬飼草青貯pH值和氨態(tài)氮含量低，顯著增加其乳酸含量，且糖蜜添加組的干物基于不同采集地域高水分燕麥青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，高水分燕麥飼草青貯pH、添加劑青貯天數(shù)pH乳酸乙酸丙酸丁酸氨態(tài)氮g.kg-1TNg.kg-1DMCon14.43a17.9jk8.56hi0.29jk0.00i11.5kl34.39ab25.1ghi12.8ef0.42ij0.52efgh23.6i74.36abc27.5efg13.6cde0.97defg0.73defg45.3ef4.28def29.0def0.87cd67.6c604.31bcd26.4fgh3.28a0.95cd78.4a1AC14.26defg16.4k9.13hi0.00k0.00i34.24defg23.6hi11.4fg0.38j0.00i74.23efg24.8ghi13.1def0.49ij0.39h40.4fg4.20fgh30.4de13.3def0.84efgh1.02bcd55.4d6031.2de14.3bcde1.56bv2.04a73.9ab1LPC14.38ab31.7d6.09j0.38j0.32h9.53l34.32bcd35.9bc7.39ij0.56hij0.43gh16.7jk74.22efg36.2abc8.22hi0.74ghi0.75cdef33.7h39.5ab8.34hi1.09def0.89cd48.6e604.21fgh39.8a8.75hi1.17de1.06bc69.8bc1LP14914.30cde21.4ij5.97j0.00k0.00i9.05l34.27def25.7fgh9.41gh0.32jk0.47fgh20.2ij74.25def27.7efg12.8ef0.48ij0.81cde37.8gh4.20fgh32.5cd15.0bcd0.76fghi0.94cd51.4de604.20fgh36.6ab15.4bc1.24cd72.6abc標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤SEM0.0100.850.4550.0940.0653.05添加劑Additives<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.083<0.001青貯天數(shù)Ensilingdays<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001交互作用Interaction<0.05<0.05<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001數(shù)據(jù)來源：陳晨，自選乳酸菌LP149和纖維素酶對(duì)雜交象草青貯品質(zhì)的調(diào)控機(jī)理，四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，2023表7不同添加劑對(duì)不同地區(qū)高水分燕麥飼組分添加劑取樣地點(diǎn)河北甘肅江蘇貴州pHCK4.27a4.05a3.91a4.38a4.47a5.37a5.18bLP3.92b3.86b3.90a3.98b4.29a4.18b6.23aM3.92b4.03a3.94a4.35a5.32a5.40bLP+M3.86b3.87b3.84b3.85b3.91b3.96c5.66abLACK4.90b5.596.39c12.21a2.58(%DM)LP4.49b6.926.8911.44b9.84b6.18bM6.62b4.787.069.87b9.50b14.65a2.54LP+M9.28a7.296.4217.40a11.52abAACK0.810.48a3.82a2.52a3.40b(%DM)LP0.750.35c0.40ab1.55ab5.39aM0.410.82b0.40ab0.51b2.53b1.57ab4.33abLP+M0.400.37c0.32b1.04ab3.90bPACK0.91b0.28b0.06ab0.410.73a2.550.54(%DM)LP0.66b0.82a0.07ab0.010.21ab0.73M0.87b0.30b0.04b0.010.220.58LP+M0.76a0.000.00bBACK0.47a0.190.090.40ab0.005.50a0.81b(%DM)LP0.00b0.310.050.00b0.032.01bc4.05aM0.00b0.000.360.01c2.36abLP+M0.00b0.000.070.00b0.003.43ab3.87aNH3-NCK6.48a7.015.61a8.51c15.78a24.98a25.90b(TN%)LP2.36c6.672.19b7.55c6.64c64.96aM4.25b8.605.42a14.44a18.09a15.82b27.27bLP+M6.662.17b10.42b8.73b6.57c50.42a數(shù)據(jù)來源：陳菲，燕麥飼草青貯品質(zhì)近紅外光譜定量分析模型構(gòu)建，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，2022添加劑pH值LAAAPABADM(%)CP(%DM)ADF(%DM)NDF(%DM)CK5.32a0.68/21.29b5.68b43.67a綠汁發(fā)酵液5.53a0.690.41b/21.17b5.69b45.19a70.41a糖蜜4.40b2.97a0.75/22.72a5.90b42.75a66.98a纖維素酶5.42a0.470.0421.35b35.85b57.42b數(shù)據(jù)來源：李文楊，陳鑫珠，張曉佩，高承芳，劉遠(yuǎn)，吳賢鋒，董曉寧.不同添加劑對(duì)雜交狼尾草青貯品質(zhì)的影響[J].營(yíng)養(yǎng)與飼料,2016,36(01):37-42.基于高水分禾草的種類/品種、收獲期、添加劑等，青貯后各個(gè)指標(biāo)表現(xiàn)出了非常大的差異，青貯后pH最低可達(dá)到3.5，但發(fā)酵不好的高水分禾草青貯pH可達(dá)≤4.5；三級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯pH＞4.5，≤5.0和四級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯＞5.0。草青貯乙酸＞25，≤30和四級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯乙酸＞30；一級(jí)的高水分禾草青的高水分禾草青貯氨態(tài)氮＞5，≤10；三級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯氨態(tài)氮＞10，≤15和草青貯粗蛋白＞9；二級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯丁酸≤98；三級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯丁酸≤87；和四級(jí)的高水分禾草青貯丁酸＜7。纖維含量是表征動(dòng)物飼喂消化規(guī)定四個(gè)等級(jí)的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粗灰分都應(yīng)＜10，pH乳酸丙酸丁酸氨態(tài)氮粗蛋白NDF<3.800.95-8.841.19-3.190.47-2.272.20-2.776.53-17.7942.79-57.164.49-9.200.40-3.360.66-1.640.00-3.181.75-13.834.21-26.623.32-6.421.43-2.210.12-0.150.20-0.313.83-13.064.72-14.6143.89-58.2827.62.53-12.210.81-3.820.12-2.550.00-5.505.07-25.909.23-10.7343.44-58.8321.1.84-6.470.44-2.110.51-0.790.03-0.366.11-19.456.20-13.0841.28-60.021.85-4.990.31-2.31-0.01-0.256.58-11.7113.70-23.9448.66-60.732.04-4.350.62-1.750.25-0.336.58-7.8112.56-13.8659.63-63.85>5.002.35-5.680.77-1.57-0.01-0.356.21-8.6