高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本概念（十大詞類；句子成分；基本句型；句子類型）課件

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本概念

十大詞類、句子成分、基本句型、句子類型制作：吳明科PART01十大詞類句子都是由單詞組成的。英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)詞類或詞性(PartsofSpeech)可分為：實(shí)詞NotionatWord名詞Noun

代詞Pronoun動(dòng)詞Verb形容詞Adjective副詞Adverb數(shù)詞Numeral虛詞FormWord冠詞Article介詞Preposition連詞Conjunction感嘆詞InterjectionPART02句子成分必須有的句子成分：主語(yǔ)(subject)

謂語(yǔ)(predicate)可以有的句子成分：賓語(yǔ)(object)

定語(yǔ)(attribute)狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement)表語(yǔ)(predicative)

同位語(yǔ)(appositive)

No.1主語(yǔ)1.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（

）2.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（

）3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（

）4.Whatbenefitsmosttotheirstudy

isreadingEnglishbooks.

(

)5.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.

（

）6.Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.（

）7.It’surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline（

）數(shù)詞不定式名詞化的形容詞主語(yǔ)從句名詞動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式roundout使變圓；使更完美；圓滿結(jié)束Hisfaceseemedtohaveroundedout.Hisfatherinsistedthathewenttouniversitytoroundouthiseducation.Chocolatecakeroundedoutthemeal.No.2謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comes

toLondon.（

）復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostart

providinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（

）（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.(

)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞拓展：系動(dòng)詞(6大類別）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的只有be動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste......表象系動(dòng)詞：表示外觀的概念主要有seem、appear、look......終止系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)結(jié)束了動(dòng)作，主要有prove、turnout......表示“證實(shí)”、“成為”的意思。持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或維持某種情況或態(tài)度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand......變化系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)是怎樣的，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run......1.FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonsto...”（

）2.I’dappreciateitifyoutakemyinvitationintoconsideration.（

）3....，dronescouldalsostart

providinghigher-valueservices

forrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（

）4.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

（

）5.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（

）6.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（

）7.Hepretendednottoseeme.（

）No.3賓語(yǔ)名詞代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ)，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀從為真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句數(shù)詞名詞化的形容詞不定式短語(yǔ)1.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance.（

）

2.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.（

）

3.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorning....（

）4.Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved.（

）5.MydreamistobecomeanEnglishteacher.(

)6.Hishobby

isplayingfootball.（

）7.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（

）No.4表語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)形容詞方位副詞過(guò)去分詞不定式動(dòng)名詞表語(yǔ)從句No.5定語(yǔ)1.

Fruitjuices,milk-based

drinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax.（

）2.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.（

）3.Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK.（

）4.Toperformthese

tasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.（

）5.With

their

abilitytoseeahead,

theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-moving

trainswouldbeabletoreactintime.（

）名詞，過(guò)去分詞，形容詞定語(yǔ)從句介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)代詞，介詞代詞，不定式，代詞，現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞VS現(xiàn)在分詞雖然現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞的格式完成相同，但它們?cè)诰渥又械淖饔脜s是有明顯的區(qū)別的。1.動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞，所以在句子中可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞峙c名詞類似，即主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。而現(xiàn)在分詞的作用類似于副詞和形容詞，在句子主要充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Hearingthenoise,theyimmediatelystoppedtalking.一聽(tīng)到有聲音，他們立刻就停止談話。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ))Growingrosesisherhobby.種玫瑰是她的愛(ài)好。(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）Sheliketalkingverymuch.她很喜歡講話。(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）1.Additionally

fromtimetotime

Iwillassigngroupworktobecompleted..（

）2.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.（

）No.6狀語(yǔ)副詞讓步狀語(yǔ)從句No.7補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

meaningful.（

）2.

Wesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturn

toChina.（

）3.BeijingwillmaketheChineseculturebetterknowntoBritishstudents.（

）形容詞作賓補(bǔ)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)No.8同位語(yǔ)1.ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.（

）2.ThenewsthatPremierLiKeqiangpassedawayonOct.27madeChinesepeopledeeplysad.（

）名詞同位語(yǔ)從句PART03簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞）1.可以獨(dú)立完成的動(dòng)作Michaelsleeps.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞2.有1個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者M(jìn)ichaellikesyou.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)3.有2個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者IteachyouEnglish.主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓4.有1個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者（但需補(bǔ)充）單Iconsideryousmart.主語(yǔ)+復(fù)雜及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)5.非“動(dòng)作”Michaelisintheroom.連系動(dòng)詞Michaelistall.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)SVSVOSVOOSVOCSVPMichaellookstall.FivebasicpatternsofsentencesSubject+Verb(SV)Michaelsleeps.Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Michaellikesyou.Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)IteachyouEnglish.Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Iconsideryousmart.Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Michaelistall.PART04句子類型按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1.簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence)2.并列句(CompoundSentence)3.復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence)簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.He

isaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.并列句(CompoundSentence)≥2個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，由并列連詞或分號(hào)連接用分號(hào)：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列連詞：（but,or,yet,so,for,and,nor[記憶口訣：boy’sfan]）Fieldshaveeyes,andwoodshaveears.隔墻有耳。復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence)主句+從句（≥1）主句：獨(dú)立存在&完整意思從句：