專題02 重點語法歸納【考點串講】-2023-2024學年八年級英語下學期期中考點大串講（牛津譯林版）

專題02

重點語法歸納【考點串講】主講人：小k君01模塊一U1語法清單02模塊二

U2語法清單03模塊三

U3語法清單04模塊四

U4語法清單05模塊五

語法專練01模塊一U1語法清單02模塊二

U2語法清單03模塊三

U3語法清單04模塊四

U4語法清單05模塊五

語法專練模塊一U1語法清單【核心語法考點一】現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

用法1：表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。Eddie

has

eaten

my

food.

Eddie吃了我的食物。用法2：表示一個從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。

He

has

lived

here

since

1995.

自從1995年以來，他一直住在這兒。用法3：表示到現(xiàn)在為止，某一個動作發(fā)生了多少次I

have

already

read

this

book

many

times

so

far.(到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)讀過這本書許多次了)【核心語法考點二】現(xiàn)在完成時的句式1.構(gòu)成

助動詞has/have

+動詞的過去分詞陳述句They

have

finished

their

homework.

He

has

finished

his

homework.否定句They

haven't

finished

their

homework.

He

hasn't

finished

his

homework.一般疑問句Have

they

finished

their

homework?

Yes,

they

have.

/

No,

they

haven't.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加-ed；例如：

work→workedlisten→listened

jump→jumpedvisit→visited1.在以-e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加-d；例如：

close→closedlike→liked

agree→agreedmove→moved3.在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加ed；例如：

study→studiedcarry→carriedtry→triedworry→worried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed；例如：

stop→stoppeddrop→dropped2.動詞的過去分詞：不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.

有些動詞的原形和過去分詞相同；例如：

put→puthurt→hurtbecome→becomerun→run2.改變單詞中間元音字母；例如：

sit→satwin→wonhold→held3.把單詞結(jié)尾的字母d改為t；例如：

lend→lentspend→spentsend→sent4.以eep結(jié)尾的動詞，把eep改為ept；例如：

keep→keptsleep→slept5.

過去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾；例如：

teach→taughtbuy→bought6.以ay結(jié)尾的動詞，把ay變成aid；例如：

say→saidpay→paid7.在原形詞尾加n或en；例如：

give→giveneat→eaten【核心語法考點三】現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語already(用于肯定句),

yet(用于否定句和疑問句),

since+一點時間,

for+一段時間,never,

ever,

three

times(其它表示頻率的詞,

once,

twice等)before,

recently,

in

the

past/last

few

years,

so

far,

this

month,

today,

now知識點1：already與yet用法區(qū)別already

用于肯定句，一般放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。yet用于否定句和疑問句，一般至于句末。例1：I

have

already

worked

out

this

math

problem?

(改為否定句)

I________________

worked

out

the

math

problem

________.

解析：already與yet的轉(zhuǎn)換.Key

：

have

not;

yet

知識點2：ever、never與before用法區(qū)別(1)ever表示曾經(jīng)(2)never表示從不(3)before表示以前例：--Have

you

ever

read

this

book?--No,

I

haven't.

I

have

never

watched

this

film.

He

has

never

been

so

happy

before.知識點3：since和for用法區(qū)別(1)since的用法①since

后面加點時間，如since

nearly

three

years

ago或since2008.②since引導時間狀語從句時，后面的時間狀語從句動詞用一般過去時.(1)for的用法：for后加一段時間。since/for

可以通過ago進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。1.They

have

worked

in

the

factory

since

ten

months

ago.=

They

have

worked

in

the

factory

for

ten

years2.We

have

learned

English

for

nearly

three

years.

=We

have

learned

English

since

three

years

ago.3.I

have

had

a

cold

________

last

Saturday,

I

have

had

a

cold

___

days.

I

have

had

a

cold

___

days

ago.

所以：________

5

days=________

5

days

agoKey

：since，for,

since,

for,

since55例：知識點4：just和just

now(1)just是剛剛，剛才。與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。The

boy

just

finished

his

homework.(2)just

now是剛才。與一般過去時連用。Mary

waited

for

you

just

now.【核心語法考點四】特殊句型①It

is/has

been

two

years

since

I

graduated

from

the

university.自從我畢業(yè)以來已經(jīng)兩年了。②This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.=

I

have

never

seen

a

better

film

before.這是我看過的最好的電影。③This

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

seen

the

pandas.這是我第一次看到大熊貓。例1This

is

the

nicest

park

I

_________________________________________________.(see)

have

seen

模塊二

U2語法清單【核心語法考點一】一、have/has

gone

to&

have/has

been

to/

has

been

in

三者的區(qū)別1)Have/has

gone

to

意為“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場。--Where's

Jim?--

he

has

gone

to

Guiling.

She

has

gone

to

the

park

and

she

will

be

back

intwo

hours.2)have/has

been

to

表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地'常接次數(shù)，如once、twice、three

times等，表示“去過某地幾次”也可與just、ever、never連用。I

have

been

to

Hong

Kong

twice.I

have

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.【經(jīng)典易錯】遇到地點副詞要去掉to

,

如:here

,there

,

where,

somewhere,

anywhere,

home

,abroad等I

have

been

there

three

times.She

has

gone

abroad.3)have/has

been

in

強調(diào)當事人在某地待了一段時間；My

parents

and

I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.【總結(jié)】I

have

been

to

Beijing

twice.My

parents

and

I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.I

heard

you've

gone

to

Thailand.have/has

been(to)+地點+次數(shù)been(in)+地點+一段時間/句子gone(to)+地點【核心語法考點二】現(xiàn)在完成時可表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在、并且有可能還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，此時態(tài)常與for/since…

等時間狀語連用。其中for后面跟時間段，since后面跟表示過去的時間點?！竞诵恼Z法考點三】簡記：短(短暫性動作)不見段(時段)，見段換長(延續(xù)性動詞)。為了表述短暫性動詞的意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來替代它們。If

we

want

to

express

a

continuous

state,

we

can

use

another

way

like

this.Verb(短暫性動詞)Used

for

a

continuous

state(延續(xù)性狀態(tài))begin/starthave/has

been____finish/stophave/has

been_____come/go/arrivehave/has

been___/___leavehave/has

been

______borrowhave/has

_____joinhave/has

been

___;

have/has

been

_____________marryhave/has

been

________diehave/has

been

deadonoverinatawaykeptina

member

ofmarried

Kitty

has

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.(正確)

Kitty

has

gone

to

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.(錯誤：短動作go+時間段two

days)

Kitty

has

gone

to

Hong

Kong.√

Kitty

has

had

the

king

rings

since

two

hours

ago.

√

Kitty

has

bought

the

key

rings

since

two

hours

ago.

(錯誤：短動作buy+時段since+時間段ago)

Kitty

has

bought

the

key

rings.

√

注意區(qū)分：模塊三

U3語法清單【核心語法考點一】現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別一般過去時所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒有關(guān)系現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響，或一直持續(xù)著。e.g.I

lived

in

Shanghai

in

1990.I

have

lived

in

Shanghai

since

1990.【核心語法考點二】標志詞區(qū)別1.一般過去時yesterday,last

week,

three

days

ago,

last

Sunday,

just

now,

yesterday

morning,

in

1990等,明顯的表示過去的時間E.g.I

went

to

Beijing

yesterday.2.現(xiàn)在完成時already，表示：已經(jīng)(肯定句中，可放句中或句末),yet，表示：已經(jīng)、還…(否定句和疑問句中，用在句末),just，表示：剛剛(瞬間動詞)，before表示：以前

He

has

already

got

her

help.他已得到她的幫助。

He

has

just

seen

the

film.他剛剛看過這場電影。

Hehasn'tstarted

yet.他還沒有動身。never，表示從來沒有，ever，表示：曾經(jīng)(長用于否定和疑問句)，once,一次twice

兩次,three

times

三次(表示重復的次數(shù))，so

far

到目前為止。

She

has

never

been

late

for

school.

他上學從未遲到過。

Have

you

ever

lived

in

this

hotel?

你曾經(jīng)住過這個酒店嗎？

They

have

been

to

Beijing

twice.他們?nèi)ミ^兩次北京了。

She

has

passed

the

exam

so

far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。模塊四

U4語法清單【核心語法考點一】___________________疑問詞+動詞不定式做動詞的賓語。

疑問詞也包括疑問代詞what,

which,

who和疑問副詞how,

when,

where。常和此結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞及動詞短語有：know,

learn,

see,

hear,

ask,

tell,

decide,

explain,

find

out,

forget,

remember,

understand

等。【例句】I

don't

know

what

to

say

next.我不知道接下來該說什么。

I

can't

decide

which

to

take.我不能決定該拿哪一個。

Please

tell

me

how

to

go

there.請告訴我怎樣到哪兒。疑問詞+動詞不定式“疑問詞+動詞不定式”

結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫成由該疑問詞引導的從句?！纠洹縄

don't

know

what

to

do.

=

I

do

not

know

what

I

should

do.

我不知道該做什么?！咀⒁狻克幸蓡柧渲?，只有why不可以與動詞不定式連用。原則上說，why后不接不定式，不過若不定式不帶to，則可用why。即：Why

not

go

there

at

once?為什么不馬上去那兒呢？Why

argue

with

her?為什么要跟她爭論呢？注意：這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來，不用于談?wù)撨^去。你昨天為什么不打掃房間？誤：Why

not

clean

the

room

yesterday?正：Why

didn't

you

clean

the

room

yesterday?1.must表示說話人的主觀思想，強調(diào)個人意志和主觀的決心。主要用于肯定句和疑問句，“必須，得，要”?！纠洹縔ou

must

finish

your

homework

today.你今天必須完成家庭作業(yè)。must

的否定形式must

not表示禁止，“不能，不允許”。【例句】You

must

not

smoke

here.你不能在這里抽煙?！竞诵恼Z法考點二】must&haveto用法2.have

to

表一種客觀的需要，“不得不”。側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，強調(diào)客觀條件作用的結(jié)果。have

to

有人稱和數(shù)的變化?！纠洹縄t

is

getting

dark.

He

has

to

go

home

now.

天快黑了，你現(xiàn)在得回家了。have

to

的否定形式do

not

have

to,

相當于need

not

?！纠洹縏hey

do

not

have

to

buy

a

computer

at

the

moment.

他們目前沒有必要買電腦。注意：must

還可以表示肯定猜測，意思是

“一定”

。否定的猜測是can't?！纠洹縔ou

must

be

hungry

after

all

that

walking.

走了那么遠的路，你一定餓了吧。

That

can't

be

Lucy.

She

has

gone

to

American.

那肯定不是Lucy，她已經(jīng)去了美國。模塊五

語法專練1.(22-23八年級下·江蘇淮安·期末)I

have

trouble

working

out

the

Maths

problem.

I

don't

know

_______________

for

help.A.who

to

ask

B.how

to

ask

C.when

to

D.what

to2.(22-23八年級下·江蘇鹽城·期中)—I

have

collected

some

information

online.

Would

you

please

tell

me

________

________

to

do

next?

—Make

a

chart

and

it

will

help

you

understand

better.A.what

B.how

C.when

D.where3.(22-23八年級下·江蘇南通·期中)People

in

European

countries

are

worried

about

________

_______

to

buy

gas

and

oil

after

Russia

got

the

sanction

(制裁).A.where

B.when

C.what

D.howA_AA_4.(22-23八年級下·江蘇南通·期中)—Judy,

do

you

know

_______________?

—By

speaking

more

and

reading

a

lot.A.how

to

improve

English

B.who

to

ask

for

help

with

EnglishC.where

to

learn

English

D.when

to

learn

English5.(22-23八年級下·江蘇淮安·期中)They

didn't

know

_______________

to

deal

with

the

problem,

so

they

asked

us

for

help.A.where

B.what

C.how

D.which6.(2023·江蘇南京·一模)—Why

did

Eddie

leave

in

a

hurry?—I

think

there's

something

wrong

with

him

today.

Look,

he

_______________

his

food.A.isn't

touching

B.doesn't

touch

C.hasn't

touched

D.didn't

touch

A__CC_7.(21-22八年級下·江蘇南京·期中)As

the

COVID-19

was

found

in

Nanjing

again,

the

students

________________

study

online

at

home.A.could

B.should

C.must

D.had

to8.(21-22八年級下·江蘇南通·期末)Mum

is

out,

so

I

________________

look

after

my

younger

brother

and

play

games

with

him.A.must

B.have

to

C.can

D.may9.(22-23八年級下·江蘇南通·期中)—Must

I

return

the

book

on

time?—Yes,

you

________.

But

you

________________

come

to

our

desk

every

time.

Just

renew

it

online.A.need,

have

to

B.must,

don't

have

toC.mustn't,

needn't

D.must,

have

to

DB

B10.(22-23八年級下·江蘇南通·期中)—Doctor

Li,

I

cannot

stop

smoking.—But

for

your

health,

I'm

afraid

you

_______________.A.have

to

B.must

C.can

D.need11.(22-23八年級下·江蘇無錫·期中)—Shall

I

tell

her

the

change

of

time

right

now?—I'm

afraid

you

________________,

or

he

will

be

late

for

the

meeting.A.can

B.may

C.need

D.must12.(22-23八年級下·江蘇無錫·期中)—Must

I

finish

my

book

report

today?—No,

you

________________.

You

may

________

tomorrow.A.mustn't;

hand

it

in

B.don't

have

to;

hand

it

inC.needn't;

hand

in

it

D.mustn't;

hand

in

it_ADB13.(22-23八年級下·江蘇鹽城·期中)—Must

I

finish

my

homework

now?

—No,

you

________A________.

You

can

do

it

this

afternoon.A.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.may

not14.(22-23八年級下·江蘇南通·期中)—Can

we

play

ball

games

here?—Of

course

not.

If

you

________

B________,

please

go

to

the

open

space

there.A.can

B.must

C.may

D.will15.(22-23八年級下·江蘇無錫·期中)—Excuse

me,

do

you

mind

if

I

use

your

new

bike

today?—Well,

if

you

________

C________,

I

can

drive

to

work.A.can

B.m