高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊改編語法填空題百日Day+19+ +Day+20

原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day19 Globalhealth Apaperinthe

Lancet（柳葉刀）,comparescountries'ratesofphysicalactivity.Thestudyitdescribes,ledbyPedroHallaloftheFederalUniversityofPelotas,inBrazil,is_____1_____(complete)portraityetoftheworld's

busybeesandcouchpotatoes.Itsuggeststhatnearlyathirdofadults,31%,arenotgettingenoughexercise. Thatratesofexercisehavedeclinedishardlyanewdiscovery.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,technologyandeconomicgrowthhave

conspired_____2_____(create)aworldin_____3_____the

flexingofmusclesismoreandmoreanoptionratherthana_____4_____(necessary).Butonlyrecentlyhaveenoughgooddata_____5_____(collect)fromenoughplacesto

carryout

thesortofanalysisDrHallalandhiscolleagueshaveengagedin. _____6_____all,theywereabletopooldatafrom122countries,covering89%oftheworld'spopulation.Theyconsideredsufficientphysicalactivitytobe30minutesof

moderate

exercisefivedaysaweek,20minutesof

vigorous

exercisethreedaysaweek,orsomecombinationof_____7_____two.Therearecommonthemesindifferentplaces.Unsurprisingly,peopleinrichcountriesarelessactivethanthoseinpoorones,andoldpeoplearelessactivethanyoungones.Lessobviously,womentendtoexerciselessthanmen—34%areinactive,comparedwith28%ofmen. _____8_____thereareexceptions.ThewomenofCroatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg,forexample,movemorethantheirmalecountrymen.Maltawinstheraceformost

slothful

country,with72%ofadultsgettingtoolittleexercise.SwazilandandSaudiArabia

slouchinclosebehind,with69%.InBangladesh,bycontrast,just5%ofadultsfailtoexerciseenough.Surprisingly,Americadoesnot

liveupto

its

sluggish

reputation.SixAmericansintenaresufficientlyactivebyDrHallal'sdefinition,comparedwithfewerthanfourintenBritons. Inanaccompanyinganalysisofpeople'shabits,DrHallalfoundequallywidedifferences.InSouth-EastAsiafewerthanaquartersitforatleastfourhourseachday;inEurope64%do.Andevenneighboursmaydiffer.Only2%ofSwisswalktowork,whereas23%ofGermansdoso. Thesehighratesofinactivityare_____9____(worry).

Paradoxically,humanbeingsseemtohaveevolvedtobenefitfromexercisewhile

_____10____(eschew)

itwhenevertheycan.Inastateofnatureitwouldbeimpossibletolivealifethatdidnotprovideenoughofittobebeneficial,whileover-exercisingwoulduseupscarcecaloriestolittleadvantage.Butthatnolonger

pertains.AccordingtoanotherpaperintheLancet,insufficientactivitythesedayshasnearlythesameeffectonlife

expectancy

assmoking.Globalhealth Apaperinthe

Lancet（柳葉刀）,comparescountries'ratesofphysicalactivity.Thestudyitdescribes,ledbyPedroHallaloftheFederalUniversityofPelotas,inBrazil,isthemostcomplete(complete)portraityetoftheworld's

busybeesandcouchpotatoes.Itsuggeststhatnearlyathirdofadults,31%,arenotgettingenoughexercise. Thatratesofexercisehavedeclinedishardlyanewdiscovery.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,technologyandeconomicgrowthhave

conspiredtocreate(create)aworldinwhichthe

flexingofmusclesismoreandmoreanoptionratherthananecessity(necessary).Butonlyrecentlyhaveenoughgooddatabeencollected(collect)fromenoughplacesto

carryout

thesortofanalysisDrHallalandhiscolleagueshaveengagedin. Inall,theywereabletopooldatafrom122countries,covering89%oftheworld'spopulation.Theyconsideredsufficientphysicalactivitytobe30minutesof

moderate

exercisefivedaysaweek,20minutesof

vigorous

exercisethreedaysaweek,orsomecombinationofthetwo.Therearecommonthemesindifferentplaces.Unsurprisingly,peopleinrichcountriesarelessactivethanthoseinpoorones,andoldpeoplearelessactivethanyoungones.Lessobviously,womentendtoexerciselessthanmen—34%areinactive,comparedwith28%ofmen. Butthereareexceptions.ThewomenofCroatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg,forexample,movemorethantheirmalecountrymen.Maltawinstheraceformost

slothful

country,with72%ofadultsgettingtoolittleexercise.SwazilandandSaudiArabia

slouchinclosebehind,with69%.InBangladesh,bycontrast,just5%ofadultsfailtoexerciseenough.Surprisingly,Americadoesnot

liveupto

its

sluggish

reputation.SixAmericansintenaresufficientlyactivebyDrHallal'sdefinition,comparedwithfewerthanfourintenBritons. Inanaccompanyinganalysisofpeople'shabits,DrHallalfoundequallywidedifferences.InSouth-EastAsiafewerthanaquartersitforatleastfourhourseachday;inEurope64%do.Andevenneighboursmaydiffer.Only2%ofSwisswalktowork,whereas23%ofGermansdoso. Thesehighratesofinactivityareworrying(worry).

Paradoxically,humanbeingsseemtohaveevolvedtobenefitfromexercisewhile

eschewing(eschew)

itwhenevertheycan.Inastateofnatureitwouldbeimpossibletolivealifethatdidnotprovideenoughofittobebeneficial,whileover-exercisingwoulduseupscarcecaloriestolittleadvantage.Butthatnolonger

pertains.AccordingtoanotherpaperintheLancet,insufficientactivitythesedayshasnearlythesameeffectonlife

expectancy

assmoking.全球健康 《柳葉刀》的一篇文章對世界各國人民進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的比率做了一個(gè)比較。文章中的研究由巴西佩洛塔斯聯(lián)邦大學(xué)的PedroHallal主導(dǎo)，是迄今為止對世界上的勤勞之人和懶蟲最為完整的描繪。研究顯示，世界上有將近三分之一的成年人缺乏鍛煉。 人們的鍛煉比率有所下降這并不是什么新發(fā)現(xiàn)。自從工業(yè)革命開始后，科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展合謀創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新世界，在這個(gè)世界里，鍛煉身體越來越成為人們的一種選擇，而非迫切的需要。但直到最近，Hallal博士和他的同事才從足夠多的地區(qū)收集到了充足的數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行這類分析研究。 Hallal博士和他的同事總共收集了122個(gè)國家的數(shù)據(jù)，覆蓋了89%的世界人口。他們認(rèn)為，充足的體育鍛煉應(yīng)該是每周五天進(jìn)行半小時(shí)的適量運(yùn)動(dòng)，或是每周三天進(jìn)行20分鐘的激烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，或者對這兩者進(jìn)行適當(dāng)結(jié)合。不同的地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了同樣的模式。富裕國家的人比那些貧窮國家的人鍛煉得更少，老人比年輕人鍛煉得更少，這一點(diǎn)在意料之中。但較為隱秘的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象是，女性通常比男性鍛煉得少。女性懶惰人數(shù)占總?cè)藬?shù)的34%，而男性卻只占了28%。 但是也有例外情況，如克羅地亞、芬蘭、伊拉克、盧森堡這幾個(gè)國家的女性鍛煉得就比本國男性同胞多。馬耳他有72%的成年人缺乏鍛煉，成為世界上最懶的國家。斯威士蘭和沙特阿拉伯緊隨其后，懶惰人數(shù)占全國的69%。相比之下，孟加拉國只有5%的成年人缺乏鍛煉。讓人吃驚的是，美國竟然沒有人們所說的那么懶。根據(jù)Hallal博士的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，十個(gè)美國人中有六個(gè)擁有足夠的鍛煉，而相比之下，十個(gè)英國人中擁有足夠鍛煉的人還不到四個(gè)。 同時(shí)Hallal博士還對人們的生活習(xí)慣進(jìn)行了分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)在這方面不同地區(qū)的人差別也很大。在東南亞，每天至少坐四小時(shí)的人不到四分之一，但在歐洲這樣的人卻占了總?cè)丝诘?4%。而且即使是鄰國之間差別也很大。在瑞士，只有2%的人走路上班，但在德國卻有23%的人這樣做。 這么高的懶惰率實(shí)在令人擔(dān)憂。人類似乎已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到一種自相矛盾狀態(tài)，盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)十分有益，但人類卻唯恐避之不及。在自然狀態(tài)下，缺乏鍛煉的生活是不可能對人有益的，但過度鍛煉又可能耗盡寶貴的卡路里，對人體無益。但現(xiàn)在這種說法已經(jīng)不再適用現(xiàn)代人了。《柳葉刀》中的另一篇文章稱，缺乏鍛煉對壽命造成的影響幾乎和抽煙差不多。 生詞積累portraitn.（尤指只刻畫臉、頭和肩部的）肖像，照片，雕像；描繪couchpotato指那些喜歡在家里看電視、玩電子游戲或者上網(wǎng)，而不愿意進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)的人。conspirev.密謀，共謀；共同導(dǎo)致flexv.彎曲，曲折（四肢，關(guān)節(jié)）；necessityn.必需品，必需的事物；必要，需要；必然性moderateadj.普通的，中等的；不偏激的，溫和的；有節(jié)制的，slothfuladj.怠惰的，懶惰的；遲鈍的slouchinclosebehind緊隨其后sluggishadj.緩慢的，遲鈍的，懶惰的sufficientlyadv.充分地，足夠地paradoxicallyadv.自相矛盾地；eschewvt.避免；避開；遠(yuǎn)避lifeexpectancy預(yù)期壽命pertainv.適用原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day20TheclimatecrisisisraisingyourgrocerybillsFrom:TheGuardian Familiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingwithhighergrocerycostsandelectricityandheatingbills._____1_____theymaynotrealizeisthatrisinginflationis_____2_____(increase)drivenbyanotherglobalcrisis:climatechange. Lastyear,theUnitedStates_____3_____(incur)over$2bnincostsdueto20climate-relatedextremeweatherevents,fromHurricaneIantoheatwavesanddrought.

Lumber,cotton,tomatoes,wheatandenergy–and_____4_____productstheygenerate,from

denim

jeanstoyourItaliantakeoutdinner–wereallaffectedbytheseeventsandarenowmoreexpensivethanthistimelastyear.

Climate-drivenextremeweatheranddisastersarenowmorefrequentlyresponsibleforproduction_____5_____(shortage),supplychaindisruptions,andlaborissuesthatleadtohighercostsofliving. Thecostoffoodisparticularlysusceptibletoclimate-relatedshockslikedroughts,floodsorwildfires.Forexample,the

costofeggs

intheUSroseby60%in2022.Inadditiontoincreaseddemandanda

spike

inavianflu,climate-fueleddroughtsandheatwavesmadegrowingchickenfeed30%moreexpensive.ClimatechangehasalsoharmedthegrowthofcottoninTexas,orangesinFloridaandtomatoesinCalifornia. Aroundtheworld,thisaffectslower-incomepeoplethemost;theytendtospendagreatershareoftheirincomeonfood.Indevelopingcountries,communitieswillfeeltheeffectsofclimatechangeontheirwalletsandlivelihoodseven_____6_____(severe):thepriceoffood_____7_____(soar)over

24%inNigeria

and

62.7%inEgypt

inthepastyears.

Aside_____8_____challengestofoodproduction,climatechangeisdisruptinglaborandtransportationintheglobalsupplychain.Heatwaves,wildfires,powerandinternet

outages

havealreadyaffectedworkersinwarehouses,ontheroadandinhomeoffices.Whileworkerhealthandsafetyshouldalwaysbeatop_____9_____(prior),theclimatecrisisiscreatinglabordisruptionsandshortages_____10_____can

driveup

prices.TheclimatecrisisisraisingyourgrocerybillsFrom:TheGuardian Familiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingwithhighergrocerycostsandelectricityandheatingbills.Whattheymaynotrealizeisthatrisinginflationisincreasingly(increase)drivenbyanotherglobalcrisis:climatechange. Lastyear,theUnitedStatesincurred(incur)over$2bnincostsdueto20climate-relatedextremeweatherevents,fromHurricaneIantoheatwavesanddrought.

Lumber,cotton,tomatoes,wheatandenergy–andtheproductstheygenerate,from

denim

jeanstoyourItaliantakeoutdinner–wereallaffectedbytheseeventsandarenowmoreexpensivethanthistimelastyear.

Climate-drivenextremeweatheranddisastersarenowmorefrequentlyresponsibleforproductionshortages(shortage),supplychaindisruptions,andlaborissuesthatleadtohighercostsofliving. Thecostoffoodisparticularlysusceptibletoclimate-relatedshockslikedroughts,floodsorwildfires.Forexample,the

costofeggs

intheUSroseby60%in2022.Inadditiontoincreaseddemandanda

spike

inavianflu,climate-fueleddroughtsandheatwavesmadegrowingchickenfeed30%moreexpensive.ClimatechangehasalsoharmedthegrowthofcottoninTexas,orangesinFloridaandtomatoesinCalifornia. Aroundtheworld,thisaffectslower-incomepeoplethemost;theytendtospendagreatershareoftheirincomeonfood.Indevelopingcountries,communitieswillfeeltheeffectsofclimatechangeontheirwalletsandlivelihoodsevenmoreseverely(severe):thepriceoffoodhassoared(soar)over

24%inNigeria

and

62.7%inEgypt

inth