Unit 10【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年九年級英語全一冊單元速記·巧練（人教版）（原卷版）

Unit10You’resupposedtoshakehands.Unit10話題風(fēng)俗禮儀詞匯1.customn.風(fēng)俗2.Braziln.巴西Braziliann.巴西的；巴西人3.greetv.和…打招呼;迎接4.Mexicon.墨西哥Mexicann.墨西哥的；墨西哥人5.relaxedadj.放松的;自在的relaxingadj.令人放松的relaxv.使放松；休息6.unexpectedadj出乎意料的expectationn.期待；期望7.valuev.重視;珍視n.價值valuableadj.貴重的；寶貴的；有用的8.capitaln.首都;國都9.madadj.很生氣;瘋的(madder-maddest)madnessn.瘋狂，愚蠢的行為10.passportn.護照11.tiev.捆綁；系n.領(lǐng)帶12.blackboardn.黑板13.coastn.海岸;海濱14.seasonn.季;季節(jié)15.northernadj.北方的；北部的16.southernadj.南方的；南部的17.knockv.敲;擊n.敲擊聲;敲擊18.worthadj.值得;...價值(的)19.mannern.方式;方法(pl)禮貌;禮儀20.emptyadj.空的;空洞21.basicadj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的basen.基礎(chǔ)；底部v.以…為基礎(chǔ)22.hostn.主人；主持人23.summarizev.總結(jié)summaryn.總結(jié)24.teenageadj.十幾歲的;青少年的teenagern.青少年25.granddaughtern.(外)孫女26.behavev.表現(xiàn);舉止behaviorn.行為8.exceptprep.除...之外conj.除了;只是27.elbown.肘;胳膊10.graduallyadv.逐步地;漸進地gradualadj.逐步的;漸進的28.platen.盤子短語besupposedtodo應(yīng)該做…beexpectedtodo應(yīng)該做/被期望做…shakehandswith和…握手bowtosb.向…鞠躬greetsb.inthewrongway以錯誤的方式問候某人assoonas…一…就…assoonaspossible/sbcan/could盡可能快holdout（myhand）伸出（我的手）kisssb.onbothsidesofone’sfaces親某人的雙頰tomysurprise/joy/excitement令某人驚訝、開心、興奮的是berelaxedabout對…隨意、放松inoureverydaylives在我們的日常生活中dropby…順便拜訪，隨便進入dropin(onsb./atsp.)順便拜訪(某人/地)…thecapitalofclocksandwatches鐘表之都atnoon在中午get/bemadat…對…生氣/氣憤get/bemadabout…對…著迷makeaneffort(todosth.)努力做某事avoidheavytraffic避免交通擁擠withoutcallingfirst沒有事先打電話goabroad出國abroadandathome在國內(nèi)外thenortherncoastofNorway挪威的北海岸duringthewinterseason在冬季knockat/on敲（門，窗…）takeoff脫下，起飛beworththetrouble值得費事beworthdoing值得做…insocialsituations在社交場合wearashirtandtie穿西裝打領(lǐng)帶afterall畢竟cleanthechalkoff擦掉粉筆灰It’snobigdeal.沒什么大不了mindyourmanners注意你的禮儀sticktoyourdream堅持夢想stick…into…把…插進…starteatingfirst先吃33.hitanemptybowl敲空碗34.pointat指著，pointto（側(cè)重方向）35.atthetable在餐桌旁attable在吃飯atwork在上班36.basictablemanners基本的餐桌禮儀37.bebasedon…基于…/在…基礎(chǔ)上38.hostfamily寄宿家庭39.onmystudentexchangeprogram在我的交換生項目中40.thebiggestchallenge最大的挑戰(zhàn)41.Thereisnoreasontodosth.沒有理由做某事42.gooutofone’sway(todosth.)特地的做…,格外努力地做…43.makesb.feelathome使某人感到賓至如歸44.ateenagegranddaughter一個十幾歲的（外）孫女45.becomfortabledoin=feelgoodaboutdoing舒服、輕松、自在地做某事46.worrysb使某人擔(dān)憂worryabout…擔(dān)心，憂慮…beworriedabout…擔(dān)心，憂慮…47.behavewell/badly/politely/properly舉止得體/糟糕/禮貌/恰當(dāng)behaveoneself舉止規(guī)矩48.cutitupandeatitwithafork把他切開用叉子吃49.putyourelbowsonthetable把肘部放在桌子上50.graduallygetusedto(doing)…逐漸習(xí)慣于做某事51.haveasafetrip一路平安52.showup出席、露面、到場53.afine-diningrestaurant一個高級餐廳54.inmyculture在我的文化里句型1.Youaresupposedtoshakehands.你應(yīng)該握手。2.Inyourcountry,whatareyousupposedtodowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?在你們國家,你與某人初次見面時,你應(yīng)該做些什么?3.ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand,hebowed.我遇到了一個名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。4.SoIjuststoodtherewithmyhandout.所以我就伸著手站在那里。5.WhereI’mfrom,we’reprettyrelaxedabouttime.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，我們對時間的要求相當(dāng)寬松。6.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamily…我們珍惜與家人在一起的時間…7.Weoftenjustdropbyourfriends’homeifwehavetime.如果有時間，我們會經(jīng)常到朋友家拜訪。8.Ifyou’reeven15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.如果你遲到15分鐘，你的朋友可能會生氣。9.SoImakeanefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.因此當(dāng)我去見朋友的時候我努力做到準時。10.Afterclass,studentsaresupposedtocleanthechalkofftheblackboard.下課后，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該把黑板上的粉筆字擦掉。11.InmanyeasternEuropeancountries,youaresupposedtotakeoffyourglovesbeforeshakinghands.在許多東歐國家,握手前你應(yīng)該先脫下手套。12....butitishelpfultolearnasmanyofthesecustomsaspossible.…但是盡可能多地學(xué)習(xí)這些文化風(fēng)俗是有幫助的。13....butitisworththetroubleifyouwanttounderstandanotherculture.…但是如果你想了解另一種文化，再麻煩也是值得的。14.InChina,it’simpolitetouseyourchopstickstohitanemptybowl.在中國，用筷子敲打空碗是不禮貌的。15.Theygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.他們盡力使我感到賓至如歸。16.Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareathome.正如你所能想象的，事情與在家里的情況大不相同。17.Anotherexampleisthatyou’renotsupposedtoeatanythingwithyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit.另一個例子是除了面包外，你不應(yīng)該用手拿著吃任何東西，甚至水果也不能。18.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’mgraduallygettingusedtoit.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難記住所有的東西，但我逐漸習(xí)慣了。語法動詞不定式；寫作風(fēng)俗禮儀考點1suppose的用法【教材原句】Youaresupposedtoshakehands.你應(yīng)該握手。【句型剖析】（1）動詞suppose意為“猜想、假設(shè)”，suppose后接that從句，that可以省略。例如：Isupposeheisnotyettwenty.我猜想他不到二十歲。（2）besupposedto后面用動詞原形，表示“被期望做某事、應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞should。例如：Youaresupposedtosayhellototheforeigners.你應(yīng)該跟這些外賓打招呼?！揪湫屯卣埂浚?）當(dāng)句子的主語是人的時候，besupposedto表示“應(yīng)該做某事、被期望做某事”，經(jīng)常用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)和責(zé)任等。這里besupposedto相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞should。例如：Youaresupposedtoaskourteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom.如果你要離開教室，應(yīng)該先問一問我們的老師。（2）當(dāng)句子的主語是物的時候，besupposedto表示“本應(yīng)該”的意思，經(jīng)常用來表示某事物本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生。ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwehavetoputitoff.這個會議本應(yīng)該在星期二舉行，但我們不得不把他推遲了。（3）短語besupposedtodosth.的否定形式是benotsupposedtodosth，表示“命令和禁止”，意為“不應(yīng)該做某事”。Youarenotsupposedtotalkloudlyinclass.你不應(yīng)該在課堂上大聲交談。（4）besupposedto的后面接have+過去分詞，表示“本應(yīng)該做完的事情而沒有做完”。Mymotherissupposedtohavearrivedanhourago.我的媽媽應(yīng)該一個小時前就到了。【經(jīng)典練】Drivers________consider________moreelectriccarsinsteadoffuelcars.A．a(chǎn)resupposeto;using B．should;touseC．a(chǎn)resupposedto;using D．should;used【寫作佳句】Wearesupposedtousebothsidesofpaper.考點2.forthefirsttime的用法【教材原句】Inyourcountry,whatareyousupposedtodowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?在你們國家,你與某人初次見面時,你應(yīng)該做些什么?【句型剖析】forthefirsttime意為“第一次(做某事)”,在句中常作時間狀語,它修飾的謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時,也可以用一般過去時。Ihavebeenhereforthefirsttime.我是第一次到這里。Imethimforthefirsttime.我第一次見到了他。【拓展】forthelasttime最后一次【比較】thefirsttime是名詞短語,后接一個分句時,thefirsttime相當(dāng)于連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas。如:ThisisthefirsttimeI'vebeenhere.這是我第一次到這兒。ThefirsttimeIsawyou,IfeltIseemedtohavemetyousomewherebefore.當(dāng)我第一次見到你時,我感覺似乎以前在哪里見過你?！就卣埂坑蓆ime構(gòu)成的其他短語:intime及時ontime準時attimes/fromtimetotime有時;偶爾bythetime..到時候;到之前allthetime總是;一直【經(jīng)典練】Wehavebeengoodfriends________wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.A．until B．before C．though D．since【寫作佳句】Atlast,Ifinishedmyhomeworkbymyselfforthefirsttime.考點3.assoonas的用法【教材原句】ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand,hebowed.我遇到了一個名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。【句型剖析】assoonas意為“一......就......”常用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候,從句也用一般過去時?！就卣埂吭诤衋ssoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,若主句是一般將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。IllcallyouassoonasIarrivehome.我一到家就會給你打電話。Pleasecallmeassoonashecomesback.他一回來就請給我打電話。YoucanwatchTVassoonasyoufinishyourhomework.你一完成作業(yè)就可以看電視了?！窘?jīng)典練】Thesongremindsmeofthoseunforgettabledaysassoonasit______.A．isplayed B．plays C．willbeplayed D．willplay【寫作佳句】Assoonasyoufoundmyproblem,youhadatalkwithmeabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.考點4.withmyhandout的用法【教材原句】SoIjuststoodtherewithmyhandout.所以我就伸著手站在那里。【句型剖析】withmyhandout意為“伸出我的手”。“with+名詞+副詞形容詞”是介詞with的常見復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作伴隨狀語。Shewassleeping,withthetelevisionon.她睡著了,電視機開著?！就卣埂縲ith還可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):with+名詞+介詞(短語)Jimcamebackwithaletterinhishand.吉姆手里拿著一封信回來了。with+名詞+不定式短語Withsomuchhouseworktodo,shecan'tgototheparty.有這么多的家務(wù)活要做,她不能去參加聚會。with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)Ican'tgettosleepwithallthisnoisegoingon.這么吵,我睡不著。with+名詞+過去分詞(短語)Withherhomeworkfinished,shewentouttoplay.完成了家庭作業(yè)后,她便出去玩了。"with+名詞短語”,在句中作定語,位于所修飾的名詞之后Sheisagirlwithlonghair.她是個長頭發(fā)的女孩。【經(jīng)典練】Mr.Smithissleepingintheroomwiththedoor________.A．closed B．close C．closing D．toclose考點5.value的用法【教材原句】Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamily…我們珍惜與家人在一起的時間…【句型剖析】（1）value作動詞，表示“看重，重視”。例如：Iftheyvaluethesedata,letthempayforthem.他們要是看重這些數(shù)據(jù)，就讓他們出錢買。Ifyouvalueyourhealththenyou’llstartbeingalittlekindertoyourself.如果你重視自己的健康，你就要開始對自己好一點。（2）value作及物動詞，表示“評價，估價”。后接名詞或代詞作賓語，當(dāng)賓語后接具體價格時，常用介詞at。例如：Ivaluedthebikeat200yuan.我估計這輛自行車值200元。Theusedcarhasrecentlybeenvaluedat3750pounds.這輛二手車作價為3750英鎊?！就卣埂浚?）value用作名詞，基本意思是“價值，價格”，引申還可表示“用處，益處，重要性”。例如：Becauseofcontinualpriceincreases,thevalueofthepoundhasfalleninrecentyears.近年來由于物價不斷上漲，英鎊貶值了。Thevalueofthisworkexperienceshouldnotbeunderestimated.這種工作經(jīng)驗的重要性不應(yīng)該被低估。（2）value常用于ofvaluetosb.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“對某人有……價值”。例如：Goodbooksareofgreatvaluetostudents.好書對學(xué)生非常有用。【經(jīng)典練】Ifelt____________necessarytoaccepthisadviceatthattimebecauseitwasofgreat____________.A．it’s;valuable B．it;value C．that’s;value D．that;valuable考點6.條件狀語從句【教材原句】Ifyou’reeven15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.如果你遲到15分鐘，你的朋友可能會生氣?！揪湫推饰觥窟@是含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句，if譯為“如果”。條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，要注意if條件句的時態(tài)搭配：（1）if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。例如：

Thecatwillscratchyouifyoupullhertail.如果你拉貓的尾巴，它就會抓你。Iftheraindoesn’tstop,wewillstayhere.如果這場雨不停的話，我們就呆在這兒。（2）if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用情態(tài)動詞。例如：If

you

want

to

lose

weight,

you

should

eat

less

bread.如果想減肥，你應(yīng)該少吃面包.（3）if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用祈使句。例如：Ifyouwanttogetthereontime,hurryup!如果你想準時到達那里，要快一點?！窘?jīng)典練】Ifhe________tomorrow,I’lltellhimaboutit.ButIdon’tknowifhe________.A．willcome,willcome B．willcome,comesC．comes,comes D．comes,willcome【寫作佳句】Itoldhimthatheshouldtellmeifhewantedtoreadthemagazine.考點7.makeanefforttodosth的用法【教材原句】SoImakeanefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.因此當(dāng)我去見朋友的時候我努力做到準時?！揪湫推饰觥縨akeanefforttodosth.意為“努力去做某事”Youshouldmakeanefforttolearnsomethingneweveryday.你應(yīng)該每天努力去學(xué)一點新東西?！就卣埂颗ceffort相關(guān)的常用短語:makeeveryefforttodosth.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力地做某事beyondeffort力所不能及inacommoneffort共同努力withouteffort毫不費力地;輕松地makenoeffort不努力with(an)effort艱難地【經(jīng)典練】Althoughitisadifficulttask,weshouldmakeaneffort________itontime.A．complete B．completing C．tocomplete D．tocompleting考點8.clean...off的用法【教材原句】Afterclass,studentsaresupposedtocleanthechalkofftheblackboard.下課后，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該把黑板上的粉筆字擦掉?！揪湫推饰觥縞lean...off意為“把…擦掉”Pleasecleanthedropsofwateroffthemirror.請把鏡子上的水滴擦掉。拓展:cleanup意為“打掃干凈”。Afterclass,thestudentscleaneduptheclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生們清掃了教室。【經(jīng)典練】Theclassroomisverydirty.Pleaseclean________.A．upit B．itup C．themup考點9.takeoff的用法【教材原句】InmanyeasternEuropeancountries,youaresupposedtotakeoffyourglovesbeforeshakinghands.在許多東歐國家,握手前你應(yīng)該先脫下手套?！揪湫推饰觥縯akeoff在該句中表示“脫下”,其反義短語為puton(穿上)。It'stoocold.Youshouldn'ttakeoffyourcoat.Putitonquickly.太冷了。你不應(yīng)該脫掉外套?？禳c穿上?！就卣埂縯akeoff還可表示“(飛機等)起飛”,此時其反義短語為landon降落;著陸)。Theplanewilltakeoffsoon.飛機馬上就要起飛了?！窘?jīng)典練】—Hurryup!Theplane______inanhour.—Don’tworry.Iwilldriveyoutotheairportimmediately.A．willtakeoff B．tookoff C．hastakenoff D．wastakingoff考點10.worth的用法【教材原句】butitisworththetroubleifyouwanttounderstandanotherculture.......但是如果你想了解另一種文化,麻煩一點也值得?！揪湫推饰觥縲orth為形容詞,意為“值得;有.價值(的)”,一般作表語，后面通常跟v-ing形式或表示金錢的名詞。其用法如下:①“beworthdoing”意為“值得做”,句子的主語一般是do的賓語。Theplaceisworthvisiting.這個地方值得參觀。②“beworth+錢”意為“值多少錢”。Thepictureisworth$30.這幅畫值30美元。③“beworth+名詞”意為“值得Idon'tthinkit'sworthourwork.我覺得這件事不值得我們付出勞動?！就卣埂縲orth前面可用well、reallyhardly、easily等詞修飾,但不可以用very修飾。表示“很值得”時,應(yīng)說wellworth,而不說veryworth。Thebookiswellworthreading.這本書很值得一讀。【經(jīng)典練】Iseldomdoubt____________itisworth____________somuchtimeonmyhobbies.A．that;tospend B．whether;tospend C．that;spending D．whether;spending考點11.empty的用法【教材原句】InChina,it’simpolitetouseyourchopstickstohitanemptybowl.在中國，用筷子敲打空碗是不禮貌的。【句型剖析】empty此處用作形容詞，意為“空的”，在句中可用作表語或定語，其反義詞是full（滿的）。e.g.Thereisanemptyboxinthethemiddleoftheroom.在房間的中央有一個空箱子。拓展：empty也可用作動詞，意為“倒空”；其反義詞為fill（裝滿）。Pleaseemptythecup.請把杯子倒空?！窘?jīng)典練】I’vekept________emptybottleallthetimebecauseit’s________unusualoneforme.A．a(chǎn);an B．the;an C．a(chǎn)n;the D．the;the考點12.gooutofone’swaytodosth和make的用法【教材原句】Theygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.他們盡力使我感到賓至如歸?！揪湫推饰觥縢ooutofone’swaytodosth.意為“特地（不怕麻煩地）做某事”。Hewentoutofhiswaytohelpme.他竭力幫助我。【句型剖析】makesb.feelathome意為“使某人感到賓至如歸”Doyouknowhowtomakeeveryguestfeelathome?你知道如何使每位客人都感到賓至如歸嗎？【經(jīng)典練】—EveryoneofyourclassmatestriestheirbesttolearnEnglish.Ithinkifyoudon’t,you’llbe________.—Iwill________tocatchupwiththem.A．runout;makemyway B．laidout;getintheway C．leftout;gooutofmyway考點13.imagine的用法【教材原句】Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareathome.正如你所能想象的，事情與在家里的情況大不相同?！揪湫推饰觥縤magine是動詞，意為“想象，推測”，后面可接名詞、代詞、賓語從句、復(fù)合賓語，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：imaginedoingsth.想象做某事。例如：Wecan’timaginewhatChinawillbelikeinthefuture.我們無法想象將來中國是什么樣子。Ican’timagineleavingallmyfriends.我無法想象離開我所有的朋友。Noonecanimaginewhatwouldhappennext.沒有人能想象出下一步會發(fā)生什么?！窘?jīng)典練】—Canyouimagine________chesswithAIRobots?—Thatmustbeveryexciting.A．playing B．toplaying C．played D．toplay【寫作佳句】Asyoucanimagine,nothingmakesmeprouderthanfeelingmyprogressinEnglish.考點14.except的用法【教材原句】Anotherexampleisthatyou’renotsupposedtoeatanythingwithyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit.另一個例子是除了面包外，你不應(yīng)該用手拿著吃任何東西，甚至水果也不能?！揪湫推饰觥縠xcept介詞，意為“除……之外”Weallwenttotheoldpeople’shomeexceptJohn.除了約翰沒去敬老院之外，我們都去了。辨析：except與besidesexcept表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指從整體中排除except所接的人或物。AllthestudentswenttothezooexceptJim.除了吉姆，所有的學(xué)生都去動物園了。besides表示“除……之外（還有）”，它的意思是在原有的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides除外的人或物。Ihaveafewgoodfriendsbesidesyou.除了你之外，我還有幾個好朋友。【經(jīng)典練】—Didyoustudyanyotherlanguages________Englishwhenyouwereatcollege?—Yes,Istudiedthree.ButIhaveforgottenall________afewwordsofeach.A．besides,besides B．besides,except C．except,except D．except,besides考點15.getusedto和it做形式賓語的用法【教材原句】Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’mgraduallygettingusedtoit.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難記住所有的東西，但我逐漸習(xí)慣了?！揪湫推饰觥縿釉~短語getusedto表示“漸漸習(xí)慣……”，后接名詞、代詞作賓語。與同義短語“beusedto”略有不同。getusedto強調(diào)的是由“不習(xí)慣”到“習(xí)慣”的這個過程，而“beusedto”所強調(diào)的只是“習(xí)慣了”這個狀態(tài)。例如：Thefoodhereisnotsotastybutyouwillgetusedtothat.這里的伙食不怎么樣，但你會慢慢習(xí)慣的。Thefoodhereisnotsotastybutheisusedtothat.這里的伙食不怎么樣，但是他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。Heisusedtogettingupearly.他習(xí)慣了早起?！揪湫推饰觥慨?dāng)不定式用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，通常會在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語移至句末，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動詞+it+賓語補足語+不定式短語”。例如：Ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這個工作不容易。Ifinditeasytogetonwithher.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很容易相處?！就卣埂慨?dāng)不定式、動名詞、從句等用作主語時，為避免頭重腳輕，通常在句首使用形式主語it，而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。例如：It’sapitytorefuse.拒絕是令人遺憾的。It’snousesayinganymoreaboutit.再談這事沒有用。It’snotknownwhereshewent.她到哪里去了沒人知道?！咀⒁狻縄tissaid/reported/believed/understoodthat…這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的it也是形式主語。It’sreportedthattwopeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.據(jù)報道這次事故中有兩人受傷。【經(jīng)典練】Iusedto________mydreams.ButnowIgetusedto________doingeverything.IthinkI’llsucceedoneday.A．givingup;keep B．givingup;keeping C．giveup;keeping一．語法精講——動詞不定式動詞不定式知識點01動詞不定式作主語【語法詳解】定義：動詞不定式，由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，為非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可以用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語等成分。動詞不定式作主語（1）動詞不定式用作主語時一般置于句首，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Toseeistobelieve（百聞不如一見）;Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous（身子探出窗外很危險）;TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportantforstudents（學(xué)好英語對于學(xué)生來說至關(guān)重要。）（2）以it置于句首為形式主語，其后所接的動詞不定式為真正的邏輯主語。如：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold（照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任）;It'sveryinterestingtoswiminsummer（夏天游泳很有趣）;Itisabitdifficulttofinishthetaskinthreedays（三天內(nèi)完成這項任務(wù)有點難度的）;Itisveryconvenienttousemobilephonesforself-study（用手機自學(xué)很方便）;It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus（你如此為我們著想，你真是太好了）;Ittakesmetwentyminutestowalkfrommyhometotheschool.（從我家走到學(xué)校得20分鐘.）（3）when，what，how，where等疑問詞后接不定式置于句首時，常用作主語。如：Wheretogoisstillbeingdiscussed（去哪里還在討論中）;Howtosolveitisstillaproblem（怎么解決它仍是個問題）;Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.（什么時候開會還沒有定下來。）知識點02動詞不定式作賓語【語法詳解】動詞不定式作賓語（1）在英語中，hope，learn，agree，refuse，start，afford，promise，afford，hate，decide等及物動詞后可以跟不定式作賓語。如：Ihopetobecomeanexcellentdoctor.（我希望成為一名出色的醫(yī)生）;Shepromisedtoguardthissecret.（她答應(yīng)保守這個秘密）;Wecan'taffordtogoabroadthisyear.（今年我們負擔(dān)不起出國的費用）;Sheofferedtogiveusalift.（她主動邀請我們搭車）;Theydecidedtogotothecountrysideonvacation.（他們決定去農(nóng)村度假。）（2）tell，learn，know，show，decide，forget，，wonder，explain，consider，remember，findout等動詞或詞組，其后可以用“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。如：Pleasetelluswheretomailtheseletters.（請告訴我們在哪兒寄這些信）;Hewillshowushowtoplaythegame.（他將給我們演示怎樣玩這個游戲）;Wemustfindoutwhattodonext.（我們一定得弄清楚下一步做什么）;TherearesomanykindsofmobilephonesonsalethatIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.（有這么多的手機在折價銷售，我拿不定主意買哪一種。）（3）在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容詞/名詞+todosomething”句型中，常用it表示形式賓語，而動詞不定式是真正的邏輯賓語。如：feelitimportanttostudyhard.（我覺得努力學(xué)習(xí)很重要）;Ithinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.（我認為保護環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任）;Shefounditdifficulttogetalongwiththatoldwoman（她發(fā)現(xiàn)那個老婦人很難相處）;Somepeoplebelieveitimpolitetoasksomeone'sage.

（有些人認為詢問他人年齡是不禮貌的）;TheInternetmakesiteasytocommunicatewitheachother.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使彼此之間的交流變得很容易。）知識點03動詞不定式作狀語【語法詳解】動詞不定式作狀語（1）動詞不定式用作目的狀語，可以位于句首、句中，意思是“為了……”，具有突出和強調(diào)的作用，常用固定結(jié)構(gòu)則有inordertodo，soastodo等。如：Tocatchtheearlybus，wegotupat5：00.（為了趕上早班車，我們5點鐘就起床了）;Inordertoearnenoughmoney，heoftenworkslateintothenight.（為了賺到足夠的錢，他經(jīng)常工作到深夜。）Wewentearlysoastogetgoodseats.（為了占到好座位，我們早早就去了。）（2）動詞不定式用作結(jié)果狀語，常見結(jié)構(gòu)有“too…todo（太……而不）”、“enough…todo（有足夠…做……）”、“onlytodo（結(jié)果卻）”、“so/such…astodo”（如此……以至于）等。如：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.（這個箱子太重了，我搬不動）;Heisoldenoughtofinishitforhimself.（他已經(jīng)長大了，足以獨立完成這件事了）;Wewenttoseeheronlytofindherout.（我們?nèi)タ此?，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她出去了）;Sheissoproudastolookdownuponothers.（她如此驕傲以至于看不起別人）;（3）動詞不定式用作原因狀語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是“sb.+be+形容詞+todo”。如：I’m

gladtoseeyou（我很高興見到你）;Shewassurprisedtoseetheman（看到這個男子，她很吃驚）;Theywereexcitedtohearthenews.（聽到這個消息他們很激動。）總之，動詞不定式用法看似簡單，但易于出錯。在平時的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)們要認真學(xué)習(xí)，熟練掌握其用法，并適當(dāng)加強訓(xùn)練。知識點04“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”【語法詳解】1.“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”的構(gòu)成及用法。動詞不定式（todo）可以和疑問詞what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、賓語的補語，狀語，同位語等句子成分。(1)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作主語。Where

togois

still

a

question.

到哪里去還是個問題。(2)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語。Iknowwheretofindtheboy.我知道到哪里能找到這個男孩。(3)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作表語。ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.問題是怎樣學(xué)好英語。(4)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語補足語IaskedherhowtolearnEnglish.我問她如何學(xué)英語。(5)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作狀語Shedidnotknowwhattodo.她不知如何是好。(6)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”作同位語Thequestionwhethertogotroubledthegirl.是否要去的問題使姑娘很煩惱。2.常與“特殊疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用的詞常和“疑問詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞及動詞短語有：know,learn,see,hear,ask,tell,advise,decide,explain,findout,forget,remember,think,understand,wonder等。(1)有些動詞，如ask,tell,advise,show,teach等，其后可跟雙賓語。Pleasetellmehowtogetthere.請告訴我怎么去那兒。(2)有些疑問詞后面可以先接一個名詞，再接動詞不定式。如：what,which,whose,howmany,howmuch等。Shewonderedhowmuchmoneytospendonclothes.(3)在“特殊疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)前，有時也可以是如sure,clear等形容詞。Iamnotsurewhichwaytotake.3.“特殊疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)為簡單句。如：IdonotknowwhatIshoulddo.=

I

donot

knowwhattodo.【經(jīng)典練】1．healthy,youshouldeatmorevegetablesandlessfastfood.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Kept2．Idon’thaveapartner________practiceEnglish________.A．to...with B．to.../ C．for.../3．It’smyfirsttime_______China.It’ssowonderfulthatIloveit!A．visit B．tovisit C．visiting D．visited4．Jack________hisIDcardthismorning.Hewants________it.Callhim________289-6578.A．lose;find;for B．lost;found;at C．lost;tofind;at D．lost;find;on5．—WhyisNancycrying?—Becausehermotherforcesher________herteethtwiceaday.A．brush B．brushing C．tobrush D．brushed6．—Whatshouldwedowhenweplayinthepark?—Weshouldtryourbest________pollutingtheenvironmentthere.A．toavoid B．a(chǎn)voiding C．a(chǎn)void D．a(chǎn)voided7．Dannyalwaysmakeshisfriends________.A．laugh B．laughs C．laughing D．tolaugh8．BecauseofCOVID-19(新冠肺炎）inFebruary,thegovernmentadvisedus________athome.A．staying B．stay C．tostay D．went9．—Ifyouneedmyhelp,pleaseletmeknow.IwilldoanythingIcan________you.—No,thanks.Icandoitallbymyself.A．tosupport B．support C．supporting D．supported10．—Whyaretheseteenagerstrying________TVshows?—Becausetheyarereallybadfortheirstudyandhealth.A．towatching B．towatch C．tonotwatch D．nottowatch二．寫作精講——談?wù)摪l(fā)明物的歷史及用途本單元話題是“風(fēng)俗禮儀”，圍繞這一話題談?wù)摬煌瑖业亩Y儀，如見面禮儀、餐桌禮儀等，談?wù)撛诓煌膱龊蠎?yīng)該做什么，了解不同國家的文化習(xí)俗。要求同學(xué)們能簡單介紹不同國家人們見面時的禮儀習(xí)俗及日常生活中的習(xí)俗。最能體現(xiàn)本單元話題以及語言運用能力的作文為介紹不同國家風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的短文、書信或郵件等。體裁：應(yīng)用文(書信)；信的主體部分為說明文

時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時人稱：回信主體內(nèi)容是給別人提建議，所以應(yīng)該以第二人稱you為主。見面禮儀：custom,meet,visit,should,bedifferentfrom,shakehands,be(not)supposedto,beexpectedto,first,second.then,finallysmileandsay“nihao",notkissorhug,·introduceyoungeronestoolderones,introducementowomen餐桌禮儀：starttoeatuntileveryoneisatthetable,notstarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable,notstickyourchopsticksintoyourfood,layyourchopsticksonyourplateorbowl,notpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks,notmakeanynoisewhenyoueatyoursoup,notspeakwithyourmouthfulloffood,nothitanemptybowlwithyourchopsticks,acceptitwhenthehost待客與做客禮儀：servesomefruit,offersometea,receivethegift/presentwithtwohands,notopenthegift/presentuntiltheguestsleave,useservingchopsticksorspoonstogiveoutfoodcallfirstbeforevisitingyourfriend,knockonthedoorbeforeenteringtheroom,notleavewithoutsayinggoodbye,arriveontime,bringsomegifts/presents,expressyourthankstothehostswhenyouleave“介紹風(fēng)俗類”作文常用句型:1.It'spoliteto...2.It'simpolite/rudeto.....3.Youshould/shouldn't...4.You're(not)supposedto...5.You're(not)expectedto...6.It'simportantto...7.Don't...8.Never...9.Remember(not)to...10.You'dbetter(not)...11.Oneimportantthingisthat…12.Anotherexampleisthat…13.Also,…/What’smore,/besides,/forexample,if,when,althouth,so…“介紹風(fēng)俗類”作文常用常用習(xí)語WheninRome,doasRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗?！癆fteryou”isgoodmanners.“您先請”是禮貌。Customistheguideoftheignorant.習(xí)俗是無知者的向?qū)?。Custommakesallthingseasy.若照習(xí)俗辦，萬事皆不難。列提綱寫句子中國禮儀習(xí)俗吃飯時1.it’simpolitetostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.You’resupposedtolaythemonyourplateorbowl.把筷子插進食物里是不禮貌的。你應(yīng)該把它們放在盤子或碗里。2.It’spolitetoacceptitwhenthehostaddsfoodtoyourplateorbowl.Don’tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks.Don’tmakeanynoisewhenyoueatyoursoup.當(dāng)主人把食物加到你的盤子或碗里時，接受是禮貌的。不要用筷子指著任何人。喝湯時不要發(fā)出任何聲音。在家3.you’resupposedtospeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.你應(yīng)該禮貌地和老人說話。4.Whenyougreetthehostandhisotherfamilymembers,youshouldn’tkissorhugthem.當(dāng)你問候主人和其他家庭成員時，你不應(yīng)該親吻或擁抱他們。5.Instead,you’resupposedtoshakehandswiththem.Weusuallydothat.Youshouldfollowourcustoms.相反，你應(yīng)該和他們握手。我們通常這樣做。你應(yīng)該遵守我們的習(xí)俗。約他人外出6.youshouldtellthehostwhereyouaregoingandwhoyouaregoingwith.It’simportanttocomebackhomeby10:00p.m.,orthehostwillworryaboutyou.你應(yīng)該告訴主人你要去哪里，和誰一起去。晚上10點之前回家很重要，否則主人會擔(dān)心你。DearMark,YoumustbeexcitedaboutcomingtoChinasoon.LetmegiveyousomesuggestionsandadviceaboutChinesecustoms.Whenyou’reeatingatthetable,it’simpolitetostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.You’resupposedtolaythemonyourplateorbowl.It’spolitetoacceptitwhenthehostaddsfoodtoyourplateorbowl.Don’tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks.Don’tmakeanynoisewhenyoueatyoursoup.Inourhouse,you’resupposedtospeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Whenyougreetthehostandhisotherfamilymembers,youshouldn’tkissorhugthem.Instead,you’resupposedtoshakehandswiththem.Weusuallydothat.Youshouldfollowo