Unit5EducationLesson3Understanding課件高中英語(yǔ)北師大版2019選擇性

Unit5EDUCATIONAristotle伽利略·伽利雷GalileoGalileiLesson3UnderstandingWhichofthefollowingmayhelpyouacquireknowledgemoreeffectively?Discussinpairsandgiveexplanations.tobeinterestedinthetopictoaskquestionstodiscusstopicswithfriendstoberelaxedandhappytohavetimetothinkaboutwhatyouhavelearntAskingquestionsmayhelpmeacquireknowledgemoreeffectively.IndoingthisIwillbeabletoclearawaythebarriersonmyroadtounderstanding,whichmakesitquickertoacquireknowledgeandsuitsmyspecificneeds.Beingrelaxedandhappyhelpsmeacquireknowledgemoreeffectively.Letmepresentanexample.WhenIamtiredordepressed,Ican’tfocusonwhatI’mlearning,andthenhowcouldIevenpossiblyacquireknowledge.Readparagraph1.Accordingtothewriter,howdoweacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstanding?Completetheflowchart.Tostartwith,weneed__________.Then,tofindanswers,we__________________________________________.Afterthat,we___________________________________________________________.questions

observe

theworldaroundusandstudythefactsconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightonesReadfordetails觀察考慮Readparagraphs2-3.Completethesentences.(Ex3)Fastreading:Readandexplore1.FrancisBaconbelievedthatthewaytogainknowledgeis_________.Butmostpeopleinhisdaysbelieved____________.2.GalileoGalileiprovedthat____________________________________;Butmanypeopleinhisdays______________________________________________________________________________________________.thinkingmoreinreligiontheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniversetendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved3.Aristotle’sunderstandingoftheuniversewasthat______________________________________because_____________________________________.4.Itisstilloftentruetodaythat________________________________________________________________.peopledon’twanttotheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniverseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstillabandonwhatthey’vealwaysthoughtastrueAnswerthequestions.(Ex4)1.WhatpositiondidBaconholdduringhisdaysandwhatwashistrueinterest?2.AtfirstpeopleapprovedofGalilei’sstudies,butlatertheygotangry.Why?3.Whydidpeoplechoosetobelieveviewsthatwereabout2,000yearsold?4.Weregreatmeninhistoryalwayscorrect?Giveexamples.5.Accordingtothewriter,willanyonebeinthepositiontosay“Weknowitall.”?Useexamplestoexplain.Answerthequestions.1.WhatpositiondidBaconholdduringhisdaysandwhatwashistrueinterest?2.AtfirstpeopleapprovedofGalilei’sstudies,butlatertheygotangry.Why?BaconheldanimportantrankunderKingJames(1566-1625)ofEngland.Histrueinterestwastheworthysearchforknowledge.Theydidn’twanttoabandonwhattheyhadalwaysthoughtwastrue.para.2para.33Whydidpeoplechoosetobelieveviewsthatwereabout2,000yearsold?4Weregreatmeninhistoryalwayscorrect?Giveexamples.Becausetheywereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.No.Galileimademistakes.HebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircles.Buthewaswrong.5Accordingtothewriter,willanyonebeinthepositiontosay“Weknowitall.”?Useexamplestoexplain.Noneofuscansay“Weknowitall”.BaconandGalilleiknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor.para.2para.3para.4SkillBuilderUnderstandingCoherenceincontextTherepetitionofkeytermsorphrasesmakesmeaningcoherentinatext.Theuseofsynonymsandantonymshelpsenhancecoherenceinatext.Linkingwordssuchassince,so,afterwards,then,although,but,however,etc.canhelpconnectmeaningsinsentences.Pronounssuchashe,she,it,they,etc.helpcarrymeaningonintothenextpointinatext.Readforskills重復(fù)同義詞和反義詞連接詞代詞銜接

Findoutwhateachpronounreferstointhetext.Example

Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.(Para.1)

ones=answers1....he

wasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(Para.2)

he=________________2.Thiswascertainlynottheinterest...(Para.2)This=______________________3....whattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.(Para.2)they=______________________

thesearchforknowledge

FrancisBacon

thechurchandmostpeople4.…theygrewangryandputhiminprison(Para.3)

they=__________5.…thenitmustbeso.(Para.3)it=_____________6.Heisnowknownas…(Para.3)He=___________peopleassumptionGalileiReadthetext.Whichofthelinkingwordsmeanthesameasthese?Example:as=forafterwards,but,since,sohecould,so,tostartwith,when,nextlater=afterwardshowever=butbecause=sinceinorderto=sohecouldtherefore=soatfirst=tostartwiththen=next

Circlethelinkingwordsinthetextthatthewriterusedinordertoexpresshis/heropinioncoherently.Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.Tostartwith,weneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,weobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefacts.Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreusedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettogiveusananswer,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBacon(1561-1626)suggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.AlthoughBaconheldanimportantrankinKingJames’royalcourtofEngland,histrueinterestwasnottheday-to-day,slowandinefficientworkingstyleofthegovernment,buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisdays.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564-1642),whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold!ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BCE).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn’twanttoabandonwhatthey’dalwaysthoughtastrue.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplemaketheassumptionthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileialsomademistakes.HeisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.

Therefore,ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom.Theyunderstoodthatwedon’tknoweverythingandprobablyneverwill,asthiswouldmeanaworldwithquestions.WeowesomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday’scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.1Whatdoyouthinkthelastsentenceofthepassagemeans?2Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthewayofacquireknowledge?Howdidthewritermakehis/heropinioncleartothereaders?Findtheexpressionsthatshowthewriter’sattitude.AfterreadingThinkandshare1Whatdoyouthinkthelastsentenceofthepassagemeans?Ithinkthelastsentenceofthetextmeansthatknowledgeandunderstandingaremoreimportantthanmoney.Theyaremorehelpfulandusefulbecausetheycanguideourwaysoflearningabouttheworldandhelpussolveproblemsallthetimewihlemoneycanjustbuycertaingoodsandsolveproblemsforsometime.2Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthewayofacquireknowledge?Thewriter’sattitudetoacquiringknowledgeistokeepaskingquestionsandrespectfacts.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainfalseinformation.Usethewordsandphrasesbelowtocorrectthem.inefficientapproveof

didn’twanttoabandonconstantlygrowingandchangingcontinue1.InBacon’sdays,theworkingstyleofthegovernmentwasveryefficient.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________InBacon’sdays,theworkingstyleofthegovernmentwasveryinefficient.Readfordeepunderstanding2PeoplewerestronglyagainstGalilei’sstudiesatfirstandthentheyurgedhimtogiveup._____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________3Ourunderstandingoftheworldisstable.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________PeopleapprovedofGalilei’sstudiesatfirstandthentheyurgedhimtocontinue.Ourunderstandingoftheworldisconstantlygrowingandchanging.4Peopleinthepastwerewillingtogiveupwhattheyhadalwaysthoughtastrue.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Peopleinthepastdidn’twanttoabandonwhattheyhadalwaysthoughtastrue.

AfterreadingLookattheWordBuilder.Findtheverbsorphrasesfromthetextthatcangotogetherwiththenou