2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第二冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 3 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT3

FitforlifeGrammarandusageGrammarandusagePresentperfectcontinuoustenseAExploringtherulesBelowisapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.Findthesentencesthatusethepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,...Workingouttherules?Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandis

stillcontinuingnow,oranactionthathasjustfinishedbutisstillconnectedwith(1)

_________________(thepast/thepresent/thefuture)insomeway.?Theverbformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseis“(2)_________________”.·OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand...·Forexample，IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.thepresent

have/hasbeendoingBApplyingtherulesB1

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1I_________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2I_________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3Mymother_________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.Shehopestofinishittonight.4Thecompany_________________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5Scientists_________________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly

20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmaking

havebeendoingB2

Belowisanarticleaboutroboticlimbs.Circlethecorrectexpressionstocompleteit.It(1)isbeingestimated/hasbeenestimatedthatover30millionpeopleworldwidehavelostarmsorlegs,andmanyofthemfailtogetthehelpthattheyneed.Forsometime,they(2)arehopingfor/havebeenhopingforbetter-qualityartificiallimbs.Fortunately,oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain:roboticlimbs.Overthelastfewyears,scientists(3)havebeendeveloping/willbedevelopingnewkindsofartificiallimbstohelppeopleovercometheirdisabilities.Roboticlimbscandomuchmorethanconventionalartificiallimbs.Someoftheearliestartificiallimbsweremadeofwoodandleather,anduntilrecently,artificiallimbs(4)haveonlyserved/haveonlybeenservingbasicfunctions.Withtheadvancementinrobotictechnology,artificiallimbscannowperformmuchmorecomplextasksandcomeclosertorealhumanlimbs.Notonlycantheymakeamuchwiderrangeofmovements,buttheycanalsobecontrolleddirectlybythebrainandfeedsensoryinformationbackintoit.DavidJonesisoneofateamofscientistsdevotedtomakingevenbetterroboticlimbs.“We(5)havedone/havebeendoingeverythingwecantoadvancethistechnologyandwewillnottakeoutapatentonit,”saidDavid.“Hopefully,moreandmorepeopleinneedofroboticlimbswillbeequippedwiththemandenjoyahigherqualityoflife.”B3

AstudentisinterviewingDavidJonesabouttheresearchhisteamhasbeendoing.Inpairs,role-playtheinterviewusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thebeginninghasbeengiven.

Student:Whathaveyoubeendoing,DrJones?DavidJones:Wehavebeendeveloping…單元語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的特征現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，由“have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示“某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行中，有可能繼續(xù)下去”?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合體，既有完成的特點(diǎn)，也有進(jìn)行的特點(diǎn)，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)是“一直在做某事”。二現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1.表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去”。用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞，一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并常和allthetime，thisweek，thismonth，allnight，allmorning，recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：附：?jiǎn)卧Z(yǔ)法精講精練Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你住在這兒多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？Hehasbeenteachinginthisschoolsince1990.他自1990年以來(lái)就一直在這所學(xué)校教書(shū)。FormanyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenhelpingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.多年來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)·古道爾一直在幫助世人了解并尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活。Theyareverytiredandthirsty，becausetheyhavebeenplantingtreesallmorning.他們又累又渴，因?yàn)樗麄冋麄€(gè)上午都在種樹(shù)。Nowthatsheisoutofajob，Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.由于露西失業(yè)了，所以她一直在考慮回學(xué)校，但她還沒(méi)有決定下來(lái)。2.表示動(dòng)作重復(fù)發(fā)生

有時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。這時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。She’sbeensayingthattwentytimes.那話她已經(jīng)說(shuō)了20遍了。Mygrandfatherhasbeenlosingthingsallthetime.我爺爺一直在丟東西。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherrecently.我們最近頻頻見(jiàn)面。Someonehasbeenknockingatthedoor.有人一直在敲門。Ihavebeenmeetingheratthelibrary.我多次在圖書(shū)館遇見(jiàn)她。3.表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一直在做某事。Ihavebeenexpectingmyhomeletterforalongtime.我期盼我的家信很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。Hehasbeendevotinghimselftothedesignforawholeweek.一周來(lái)他一直投身于這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。Shehasbeendoingthisinordertorepaytheboy’skindness.為了報(bào)答那個(gè)男孩的好意，她一直在這樣做。Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoseeingmyfamily.我一直期盼著見(jiàn)到我的家人。Mygrannyhasbeenwarningusofourstudies.我奶奶一直在提醒我們學(xué)習(xí)。4.表示與現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)有關(guān)Sorry，I’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?對(duì)不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？Youdon’tlookwell.Haveyoubeenworkingtoohard?你看起來(lái)不舒服。你工作是不是太辛苦了？Youhavebeenstandinghereforanhour.你已經(jīng)站在這里一個(gè)小時(shí)了。He’sbeenworkingonthisbookforsixyears，andallfornothing.六年來(lái)他一直在寫(xiě)這本書(shū)，但都是徒勞無(wú)功?！舯緯?shū)觀點(diǎn)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。①現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，均可表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，著重于結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作可能已完成也可能未完成，更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行。比較：

Ihavereadthebook.我讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。（已讀完）

Ihavebeenreadingthebook.我一直在讀這本書(shū)。（還在讀，沒(méi)讀完）Youhavewrittenyourpaper.你的論文寫(xiě)完了。（已寫(xiě)完）Youhavebeenwritingyourpaper.Pleasehavearest.你一直在寫(xiě)論文，請(qǐng)休息一下。（還

在寫(xiě)，未寫(xiě)完）②一般而言，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)叫靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞）跟一段時(shí)間（如for...，since...）連用時(shí)，其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思基本相同，意味著動(dòng)作到目前都沒(méi)有結(jié)束。這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ive，stay，remain，sit，stand，lie，wait，rest，work，learn，study，sleep，rain等。

Shehaslaininbedforaweek.

Shehasbeenlyinginbedforaweek.

（更常見(jiàn)）她已經(jīng)臥床一周了。

Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.

Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.（更常見(jiàn)）我已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。特別提示：通過(guò)上面的對(duì)比，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有如此大的差別。即用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“終止”，用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示“延續(xù)”。所以，時(shí)態(tài)的使用應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境作出正確選擇。③延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，若跟時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用，可表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今。如果沒(méi)有時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)，則表示該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去曾發(fā)生過(guò)或存在過(guò)。但現(xiàn)在已結(jié)束。試比較：

Theyhavelivedheresince1970.

Theyhavebeenlivingheresince1970.

自1970年以來(lái)，他們一直住在這兒。（現(xiàn)仍然住在這兒）

Theyhavelivedhere.他們?cè)?jīng)在這兒住過(guò)。（現(xiàn)已不住在這兒）以上例句說(shuō)明：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞跟時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用是“非終止用法”，也叫延續(xù)性用法，說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)尚未結(jié)束。不跟時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用是“終止用法”，也叫非延續(xù)性用法，說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。三語(yǔ)法全解訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完成以下各句，仔細(xì)體會(huì)其含義。1.Sincetheflubrokeout，thesephysicians，surgeonsandchemists

（specialize）invaccines.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］2.Anabnormalviruscalled2019-nCoVhasarisensuddenlyand

（spread）insomecountriesatafastpace.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］3.Somepeoplehavecontractedthisdisease，which

（affect）people’shealth.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］4.Medicalstaff

（wrestle）withtheviruseversince.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］5.They

（look）foreverymeanstocontrolthevirus.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］6.Medicalexperts

（identify）thesourceofthisvirusinthepasttwoyears.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］7.Thefundshortage

（restrict）thedevelopmentofhighereducation.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］8.We

（carry）outtheseplansthatthegovernmentputinplace.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］9.I’mnotgoingtodeletethefilesyou

（save）.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］havebeenspecializinghasbeenspreadinghasbeenaffectinghavebeenwrestlinghavebeenlookinghavebeenidentifyinghasbeenrestrictinghavebeencarryinghavebeensaving10.ThesearethestampsthatI

（restore）formypersonalcollection.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］11.They

（equip）thecompanywiththelatestmachinesandotherfacilities.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］12.Itisreportedthattheenemy

（withdraw）allthetime.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］13.Hiscommentshaveaddedfueltothedebate.It

（go）onuntilnow.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］14.Nothingserioushappenedtoday，butthenoise

（disturb）mymind.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］15.Thegreenhand

（tackle）theproblemfortwoweeks，onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］16.Thecompany

（adjust）itsmarketingplanuntilitworks.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］17.Sheismygirlfriend.We

（date）forovertwoyearsnow.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］18.Researchers

（examine）humangenestofindabnormalgenesthatcausecellstobecomecancer.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］havebeenrestoringhavebeenequippinghasbeenwithdrawinghasbeengoinghasbeendisturbinghasbeentacklinghasbeenadjustinghavebeendatinghavebeenexaminingⅡ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)完成句子。1.—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You

（work）infrontofthatcomputertoolong.2.Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we

（try）tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.3.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportsand

（take）badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.4.Themanager

（tell）theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.5.—Whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?—ThisisthejobthatI

（look）forsincemygraduation.6.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI

（cough）alotlately.7.I’mtiredout.I

（shop）allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.8.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well，itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives

（come）aroundallthetime.9.Joseph

（go）toeveningclassessincelastmonth，buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.10.We

（work）onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.havebeenworkinghavebeentryinghasbeentakinghasbeentellinghavebeenlookinghavebeencoughinghavebeenshoppinghavebeencominghasbeengoinghavebeenworking11.—Why，Jack，youlooksotired!—Well，I

（paint）thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.12.Overthepastdecades，seaice

（decrease）intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.13.Excuseme，Marcia，areporterfromVanityFair

（phone）allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?14.—I’msureAndrewwillwinfirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He

（prepare）foritformonths.15.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool，whereshe

（study）Englishforayear.16.It

（rain）forthreedaysanditdoesn’tseemtostop.17.TheChinese

（make）paperforabouttwothousandyears.18.You

（write）yourhomework.Pleasehavearest.19.Tom’shandsareverydirty.He

（repair）thecarallmorning.20.Youknow，I

（hunt）forajobforthreemonths，andthisismyfirstformalinterview.havebeenpaintinghasbeendecreasinghasbeenphoninghasbeenpreparinghasbeenstudyinghasbeenraininghavebeenmakinghavebeenwritinghasbeenrepairinghavebeenhuntingLanguagepoints核心詞匯1AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago，Ibegantowithdrawintomyself...當(dāng)我兩年前在一起車禍中失去右手之后，我開(kāi)始變得不愛(ài)與人交往……withdraw

vi.&vt.（withdrew，withdrawn）脫離（社會(huì)），不與人交往；（使）撤回，撤離；（使）退出；停止提供；提，?。ㄣy行賬戶中的款）［→withdrawal

n.

撤走；收回；戒毒（或脫癮）過(guò)程；提款］（1）She’sbeginningtowithdrawintoherself.她開(kāi)始變得不愛(ài)與人交往了。Theywithdrewtheirforcesfromtheregion.他們把部隊(duì)撤離了這個(gè)地區(qū)。She’dexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse.她已經(jīng)預(yù)料到他會(huì)退出這門課程。Hewithdrewmoneyfromthebankinlargeamounts.他從銀行里取出了一大筆錢。（2）Thewithdrawaloftheproductfromthemarketmadecustomerscomplainaboutitsinconvenience.從市場(chǎng)上召回這種產(chǎn)品使顧客抱怨不便利。Youcanmakewithdrawalsofupto$250aday.你一天最多可以從銀行賬戶中提取250美元。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法◆語(yǔ)塊積累（1）withdraw（sb.）from...使（某人）從……中退出withdrawmoneyfromthebank從銀行取錢（2）thewithdrawalofsupport不再支持◆單句語(yǔ)法填空①Abackinjuryforcedhertowithdraw

thecompetition.②Ifyouexperienceanyunusualsymptomsafterthe

（withdraw）ofthetreatment，contactyourdoctor.fromwithdrawal2Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand，butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.我裝了一只假手，但它感覺(jué)不像是我的一部分。equip

vt.配備；使有能力（→equipmentn.［U］設(shè)備，器材；裝備，配備）（1）Theroomsareequippedwithcomputers.房間里都裝有電腦。Forobservationoftheanimals，heequippedhimselfwithseveralcameras.為了觀察動(dòng)物，他配備了幾部相機(jī)。Thecourseisdesignedtoequipstudentsforacareerinnursing.此課程旨在使學(xué)生能夠勝任護(hù)理工作。Allthesoldiersarewellequippedforthebattle.所有的士兵都裝備妥當(dāng)，準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗。（2）Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment，allowingmorepatientstobetreated.這家醫(yī)院最近購(gòu)置了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，使更多的病人可以接受治療。Alotofmoneywasspentontheequipmentofthenewlab.新實(shí)驗(yàn)室的裝備花費(fèi)巨大?！粽Z(yǔ)塊積累（1）equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物裝備某人/某物（beequippedwith）equipsb.forsth.使某人能勝任某事（beequippedfor）（2）apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備 campingequipment露營(yíng)裝備officeequipment辦公設(shè)備 medicalequipment醫(yī)療設(shè)備necessaryequipment必要的設(shè)備◆說(shuō)明equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表達(dá)“一件設(shè)備”要用apieceofequipment。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞還有information，news，advice，luggage，furniture，word（消息）等?！魡尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空①Theyhaveequippedthemselves

theadvertisingcampaign.②Allclassroomsofhisschoolare

（equip）withmodernteachingequipment.③Modern

（equip）andnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlikeaboutworkinghere.④Theexplorersweretoldtoequipthemselves

everythingtheywouldneedforthevoyage.forequippedequipmentwithartificial

adj.人工的，人造的；人為的，虛假的（→artificiallyadv.

人工地；人為地；不自然地）（1）Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanimpactonourlivesinmanyways.我們能夠看到，人工智能已經(jīng)在許多方面對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了影響。Ajobinterviewisaveryartificialsituation.求職面試是一個(gè)非常不自然的場(chǎng)面。（2）Theyhavekeptthepriceofsugarartificiallyhightomakemoreprofits.為了獲取更多利潤(rùn)，他們一直人為地使糖價(jià)居高不下。Theartificiallypolishedlinesinthepoemmakepeoplepuzzledaboutit.這首詩(shī)中不自然地潤(rùn)色的詩(shī)句使人看不懂?！粽Z(yǔ)塊積累artificialintelligence人工智能artificialsatellite人造衛(wèi)星artificialheart人工心臟artificiallight人造光artificiallake人工湖；水庫(kù)artificialflower人造花◆單句語(yǔ)法填空⑤

artificiallanguagehasnovitality.⑥Theywerelivinginan

（artificial）controlledenvironment.Anartificially3Threemonthsago，however，allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.然而，三個(gè)月前，當(dāng)我有機(jī)會(huì)測(cè)試一只新的機(jī)械手時(shí)，一切都改變了。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾詞的后面，被修飾詞與不定式之間通常存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系、被動(dòng)關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。Whowasthefirstpersontoraisethequestion?誰(shuí)是第一個(gè)提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的人？（主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?你有什么話要為自己說(shuō)嗎？（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）Hewaswaitingforachancetointroducehimself.他正在等待機(jī)會(huì)作自我介紹。（同位關(guān)系）

◆說(shuō)明（1）常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的抽象名詞有ability，chance，idea，excuse，promise，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。Iappreciateyourabilitytosolveproblemsbyyourself.我欣賞你獨(dú)立解決問(wèn)題的能力。Representativesofthetwocompanieswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreachanagreement.這兩家公司的代表將于明天會(huì)面，試圖達(dá)成協(xié)議。Mary，IremindedJohnofhispromisetohelpyou.瑪麗，我提醒約翰他答應(yīng)過(guò)幫助你。Inthepasthehadnochancetogotoschool.過(guò)去他沒(méi)有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?那是解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最好辦法嗎？（2）“thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thevery，theonly，the+最高級(jí)”等后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她總是第一個(gè)來(lái)而最后一個(gè)走。Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.他是唯一一個(gè)了解真相的人。（3）動(dòng)詞不定式的一般被動(dòng)式tobedone作定語(yǔ)，多表將來(lái)被動(dòng)，即被修飾詞與動(dòng)詞不定式之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間上發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想要去北京。你有什么東西需要買嗎？Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天舉行的會(huì)議很重要。◆誤區(qū)警示不定式與被修飾詞存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.請(qǐng)給我一些寫(xiě)字用的紙。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的?！魡尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空①Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine

（reduce）theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.②Volunteeringgivesyouachance

（change）lives，includingyourown.toreducetochange③Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting，asIhadatrain

（catch）.④Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity

（play）asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou.⑤Thequestion

（discuss）atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.tocatch

toplaytobediscussed4NotonlycanIdomore，butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.我不僅可以做更多，而且我也變得更加自信和外向。outgoing

adj.外向的PaulisoutgoingwhileI’mshy.保羅很外向，而我很害羞。Thisgirlischeerfulandoutgoing.這個(gè)女孩開(kāi)朗外向。Wearelookingforsomeonewithanoutgoingpersonality.我們正在找一個(gè)性格外向的人?！粽Z(yǔ)塊積累anoutgoingpersonality外向的性格◆單句語(yǔ)法填空I’m

outgoinggirlwholikestomakefriendswithpeople.an5I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.我非常感激我的機(jī)械手帶來(lái)的所有新的可能性。grateful

adj.感激的，表示感謝的（→gratitude

n.

感激之情；感謝同義：thankful

adj.感激的）Shewasgratefulforeverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.她很感激醫(yī)療和護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)為她所做的一切。［2021·全國(guó)乙卷］ShewasextremelygratefultoTomforhissupport.她非常感謝湯姆的支持。Iamverygratefultoallthosewhotookthetroubletowritetome.多謝各位費(fèi)心來(lái)函。ShewasgratefulthatherteachergavehersometipsonhowtoimproveEnglish.她的老師給了她一些有關(guān)如何提高英語(yǔ)的建議，她對(duì)此心存感激。Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldlendmeahand.如果你能幫我的忙，我將不勝感激。◆語(yǔ)塊積累（1）begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激……Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...如果你能……我將不勝感激。（用于提出請(qǐng)求）（2）show/expressone’sgratitudetosb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事向某人表示感激ingratitudefor以表達(dá)對(duì)……的感激之情（3）bethankfultosb.for（doing）sth.為（做）某事感謝某人◆單句語(yǔ)法填空①I’msograteful

allthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.②Weallmissyouandareverygrateful

whatyoudidforus.③Hewasgrateful

（have）someonetotalkto.

tofortohave6Fortunately，oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain：roboticlimbs.幸運(yùn)的是，一項(xiàng)令人興奮的新進(jìn)展可以幫助這些身體殘疾的人重新過(guò)上正常的生活：機(jī)械臂。disabled

adj.有殘疾的，喪失能力的（→disable

vt.使傷殘；使喪失能力disability

n.缺陷，障礙）（1）Mybrotherwasdisabledinthewar—helosthisrightarm.我弟弟在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中殘廢了——他失去了右臂。Sheriskedherownlifetohelpadisabledwoman.她冒著失去自己生命的危險(xiǎn)幫助了一位殘疾婦女。（2）Theburglarsgainedentrytothebuildingafterdisablingthealarm.竊賊破壞報(bào)警器后便得以進(jìn)入大樓。Shedidallthistendondamageanditreallydisabledher.她遭受這么嚴(yán)重的肌腱損傷，這實(shí)際上讓她殘疾了。（3）Shehadthecourageanddeterminationtoriseaboveherphysicaldisability.她有戰(zhàn)勝自身殘疾的勇氣和決心。Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.有些職位要求學(xué)生年齡在15至24歲之間，殘疾人放寬到29歲。◆語(yǔ)塊積累（1）disabledpeople=thed