大學(xué)英語讀寫1-U2練習(xí)題

PAGEPAGE13Unit2FriendshipI.VocabularyPartOneDirections:MatchthewordsincolumnAwithdefinitionsincolumnB.1.postponea.lookcloselyorcarefully2.destinationb.takeoutthingsfromasuitcase,etc.3.absolutelyc.delay,putoff4.peerd.material,matter5.stuffe.difficult;strong6.unpackf.havedifficultyinbreathing,swallowingorspeaking7.chokeg.definitelyandcompletely8.toughh.theplacetowhichoneisgoingordirectedPartTwoDirections:Choosetheproperwordsandexpressionsandputthenumbersintheblanks.1.awful2.reunion3.highlight4.mightjustaswell5.keepintouch6.Everynowandthen7.letdown8.headingfor9.outofshape10.onyourmind11.inhismind12.comeup13.notsomuchofa14.notsomuchas1. Thepilgrimswere________theCanterbury2. Ifyouleaveyourcoathangingonthatnailitwillget.3. IfailedtowithmanyofmyoldfriendsafterIjoinedthearmy.4. Itwouldbebesttorunawaynow,butshecouldn’tJamie:heneededhelp.5. ThelightingoftheChristmastreewastheoftheevening.6. hewenttotheoldwomanwhosehusbandwasdiseased,andtookcareofherlifeuntilherdeath.7. Heleftmeabruptly,sayingawordtothankmeforthehelpIgavehimalltheseyears.8. YesterdayIhada(n)timeattheoffice―everythingseemedtohavegonewrong.9. Whathappenedtoyou?Itseemsthere’ssomething,oryouwouldn’tbesorestless.10. HeishelpasIthoughthewouldbe.Wehadtoworkallthewaytotheendwithouthisassistance.PartThreeDirections:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateformofthewordgiveninthebracket.Nodoubttherewasaslightintheclassroomaftertheteachercamein.(uneasy)Thewitness’saccountcloselytothepoliceman’sobservations.(correspondence)Duringtheselongsummervisitshehimselfinthetraditionsandcustomsoftheplace.(soak)Thatmanisforthisjob.Hehasbeenassignedtootherwork.(available)Thetravelertohisguidebookfordetailsofhisjourney.(reference)Thefinalcostwasconsiderablyhigherthanthebuilder’soriginal.(estimate)Maliciousgossipcouldhischancesofsuccess.(injury)ThestorywassothatIwascompletelylostinit.(touch)Therewasnoroominthehall:itwasalreadyfull.(practical)Hisknowledgehasleftadeepimpressiononus.(extent)PartFourDirections:ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentencefromthefourchoicesgivenundereachsentence.1.Ifyoudonotknowthisword,inyourdictionary.A.refertoitB.lookitupC.consultitD.insultit2.Yououghttopostponehereuntilnextweek,sincetheaudiencearesoenthusiastic.A.leaveB.leftC.toleaveD.leaving3.Thewriter’schoiceofwordsissimplyamatterofstyle.A.personalB.privateC.personnelD.individual4.Hetookgreattopleasehisboss.A.painB.effortC.painsD.efforts5.Thesearethebasicrulesofgrammar,whichyoushouldlearn.A.bymemoryB.byheartC.inmindD.forgood6.IrelyonyoutoremindmeJackforthebooksheboughtme.A.ofpayingB.ofbeingpaidC.topayD.tobepaid7.Ididn’tmeananything,butthoseappleslookedsogoodIcouldn’tresistone.A.toeat…tryingB.toeat…totryC.eating…totryD.eating…trying8.Lifeisacandletoburneverbrighter.A.beingmeantB.meaningC.tomeanD.meant9.Sinceyouhavecomesofarwithyourexperiment,youcarryitthroughtotheend.A.mayB.mightC.maywellD.mayaswell10.TheofhistriptoBeijingwasthevisittotheForbiddenCity.A.lightestpartB.highestpartC.highlightD.mosthighlight11.Althoughthefamilytrustedher,shethemdownbadly.A.putB.setC.letD.took12.Theyhavegivenusalotofhelpinupwithwhat’sgoingonaroundus.A.puttingB.catchingC.takingD.keeping13.Idoubtwhetherhecanhiseffortsmuchlongerashelooksverytired.A.holdupB.holdonC.keeponD.keepup14.Attheheadofthevalley,thescoutsturnedleftandheadedthesummit.A.toB.forC.onD.into15.Whenhewrites,healwayskeepsadictionary.A.onhandsB.byhandC.athandD.inhand16.Jackalmostfelloffthecliff,butmanagedtohanguntilhelpcame.A.onB.aboutC.upD.back17.Theletterwasdeliveredhandearlythismorning.A.onB.inC.toD.by18.Inhisspeechhetothegreathelptheclubreceivedfromsupporters.A.referredB.mentionedC.commentedD.remarked19.Beforehestartedwork,Iaskedthebuildertogivemeanofthecostofrepairingtheroof.A.assessmentB.estimateC.announcementD.evaluation20.Iknowthatheisnotmuchofabasketballplayer,butwhenittomath,heisthebestintheclass.A.refersB.goesC.comesD.concernsII.StructurePartOneDirections:ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentencefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.1.Nothingcouldliveairandwater.A.butB.butforC.exceptD.exceptfor2.I’djustassoonrudelytoher.A.thatyouwon’tspeakB.yournotspeakingC.younotspeakD.youdidn’tspeak3.Tome,musicisawayoflifejustaninterest.A.more…thanB.as…asC.not….asD.less…than4.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutaketheycanlimithowmuchwateryoucandrink.A.muchmorethanB.nomorethanC.nolessthanD.anymorethan5.Itwasurgedthatnosmokinginthelibrary.A.hadbeenallowedB.beallowedC.wasallowedD.shouldhavebeenallowed6.Peterhasjustarrived,buthetalksasifheeverythinghere.A.willknowB.hasknownC.knewD.know7.Innocircumstancescanmoreworkbegotoutofamachinethan.A.isputintoitB.toputitintoitC.tobeputintoitD.thatputsintoit8.tohimifhewentoutinthatweather?A.WhatwasheafraidthatwouldithappenB.WhatheisafraidthatwouldhappenC.WhathewasafraidthatwouldhappenD.Whatwasheafraidwouldhappen9.Noonewantstostayhere,?A.dotheyB.doesitC.don’ttheyD.doesn’the10.Thereisacandleonthetableandamanislyingonthefloor.A.lighted…drunkenB.lighted…drunkC.lit…drunkenD.lit…drunk11.foreverarethedayswhenShanghaiwasthe“paradiseoftheadventurers”.A.TogoB.HavinggoneC.WentD.Gone12.IhaveconsideredseeingJanetomorrow,butIhaven’tconsideredmyhand.A.havingofferedB.toofferC.howtoofferD.offered13.Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtimetheguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.A.beforeB.sinceC.untilD.when14.IhopethatthelittleI’vebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.whichB.whatC.thisD.that15.discussed,theproblemremainsunsolved.A.NothavingB.NothavingbeenC.HavingnotD.Havingnotbeen16.Theyoungteachercomplainaboutthepoorworkingconditionsintheschool.Hedonatedsomemoneytoimprovethem.A.didn’tmorethanjustB.didmuchthanjustC.didmorethanjustD.didmuchmoreto17.Itwasonlyaftersomeprogressintheuseanddevelopmentofelectriccurrentthatmenbegantorealizetheimportanceandpossibilitiesofmagnetism.A.wasmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.wouldhavebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade18.Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewineisgoodforhishealth.A.asB.thanC.thatD.but19.Itseemsthattherainwon’tstopinafewhours.WewatchaDVDmovieathomebeforewegoout.A.mightwellB.mightjustC.mightjustaswellD.mightaswellas20.I’mamazedthatshemarriedhimsosoon.Shehimverywell.A.mustn’thaveknownB.can’thavegottoknowC.didn’thavetoknowD.needn’thaveknownPartTwoDirections:IdentifytheONEthatisnotcorrectandwritedownthecorrectanswer.1.Thepriceofgoldontheworldmarkethasbeenrisinghigheachyear.ABCD()2.ItookoffencebecausehewasthefirstpersontotalktomeinthewayhowabossordershisABCDemployeeabout.()3.Hehasreachedapointwhichchangeisneeded.ABCD()4.Greatasistheenergyofthesun,wehavenotfoundaneffectivewaytomakeuseofitinABCDindustry.()5.Facedwiththepossibilityofawatershortageduringthesummermonths,thecityhasaskeditsABCcitizenstolimititsuseofwater.D()6.Idon’tseewhyIshouldlookforwardtosittinginanarmchairanddonothingjustbecauseIamABCDoversixty.()7.Theyprefertodisciplinethemselvesratherthanaredisciplinedbyothers.ABCD()8.Theyhadsofiercedogsthatnoonedaregoneartheirhouse.ABCD()9.Whydidn’tyoutellmeyouweregoinginmydirection?Iwouldbeabletogiveyoualift.ABCD()10.Icouldn’tseethepointtolethimhavehisownway.ABCD()III.ClozePartOneDirections:Fillinthegapswithanywordsyouthinkfit.Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,the1becomesmiserable.Thisarises2thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,personsandevents,andtheresultingeffects3theirminds.Thepeoplewhoare4behappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewell5dishes,thegoodnessofthewines,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkand6onlyofthecontrarythings.7theyareconstantlydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofsociety,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselves8everywhere.Ifthisturnofmindisfoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethe9tobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvinced10itsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.PartTwoDirections:ChoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.1ahumanbeingyouhavethechoiceofdifferentbasicattitudes2life.Youmayapproachlifewiththephilosophyofthevegetable,3whichcaseyourlifewillconsist4beingborn,eating,drinking,sleeping,mating,growingold,and5Thesecondbasicattitudeistolookatlifeasifit6abusiness.7greatmanyso-calledsuccessfulmenandwomenbelievethatlifeisabusiness,andtheyarrangetheirconductandbehavior8.Ifyoubelievethatlifeisabusinessyourfirst9oflife,naturally,is“whatdoIgetoutofit?”andyourfirstreaction10anynewexperienceis“howmuchisthisworthtome?”.Inaword11Thegreat12ofhumanbeingstoday13atlifeasifitwereabusiness.Theirbasicphilosophyisoneofcompetitionandefficiency.Thethirdattitudetowardlifeisthe14oftheartist.Herethebasicphilosophyis“whatcanIputintoit?”,andthebasicrelationofindividualtohisfellowmenis15ofcooperationandcommonsense.This16ofviewhasbeenprovedbyhistory;forhistoryremembersbestthosewhohave17mostrichlytotheinterestsoftheirfellowmen.Themoreweinvestigateandthemorewelearnaboutliving18webecomeconvincedthatthe19attitudeistheonlyonewhichisconsistent20humanhappiness.A.AsB.LikeC.ToD.ForA.ofB.forC.towardsD.aboutA.atB.underC.inD.onA.ofB.inC.thatD.whichA.dieB.diedC.dyingD.diesA.wasB.isC.willbeD.wereA.VeryB.TooC./D.AA.accordinglyB.respectivelyC.excessivelyD.evidentlyA.questionB.reaction C.attitudeD.wayA.toB.ofC.aboutD.towardsA.reliedonB.dependedonC.basedonD.consideringA.manyB.majorC.majorityD.crowdA.lookB.takeC.seeD.thinkA.pointB.meansC.approachD.viewA.aB.oneC.kindD.sortA.attitudeB.philosophyC.wayoflifeD.pointA.doneB.devotedC.succeededD.developedA.andB.themoreC.sothatD.becauseA.vegetableB.secondC.artisticD.bestA.withB.toC.astoD.ofIV.ReadingComprehensionDirections:ChoosetheONEbestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.PassageoneSincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionsisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthlikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport―financialaid,materialresourcesandneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.1.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationeratheyawakenpeople’sdesiretoexchangeresourcestheyareindispensabletopeople’ssocialwell-being2.Researchshowsthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesreliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthemhasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothersiscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“cushions”(Para.2)?laysthefoundationforlessenstheeffectofaddsuptodoesawaywith4.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof.informationalsupportsocialcompanionshipinstrumentalsupportthestrengtheningofself-respect5.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesitmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyableitenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakesitdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublePassageTwoBythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotelsandhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursor(前身)ofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasunderdeveloped.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,aMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffofhiscompetitorstopayahigherpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?TheinfluenceoficeonthedietThedevelopmentofrefrigerationThetransportationofgoodstomarketSourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury7.Thephrase“forward-looking”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_________.progressivepopularthriftywell-established8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?CompetitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcarsThelackofanetworkforthedistributionoficeTheuseofinefficientinsulationInadequateunderstandingofphysics9.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould.completelypreventicefrommeltingstopairfromcirculatingallowicetomeltslowlyuseblanketstoconserveice10.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”,toindicatethat_________.theroadtothemarketpassedclosetoMoore’sfarmMoorewasanhonestmerchantMoorewasaprosperousfarmerMoore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessfulPassageThreeWhethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode(編碼)ordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayandtheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheyarelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses;theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.11.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare_________.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebatesomethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworldofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas12.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson_________.whosefaceisseenfromthesidewhosefaceiscoveredwithamaskwhosefrontviewisfullyperceivedwhosefaceisfreeofanycovering13.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartners’neckbecause_________.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakertheyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontacttheydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhoodtheydon’tthinkitpolitelohaveeyecontact14.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontacteyecontactofmorethanonesecondonetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheotherconstantadjustmentofeyecontact15.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipantsnottomakeanyinterruptionsnottoglanceawayfromeachothernottoweardarkspectaclesnottomakeunpredictablepausesPassageFourIslanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromtheexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybeso.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasdescribedbyFrederick.However,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforlearningskillspassesandtheymightneverbetaughtsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbraincomparedwiththatofthemonkeyisthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhimtoanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.Butspeechhastobeinduced(誘導(dǎo))andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling(咿呀學(xué)語),graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.16.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas_________.toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeaktodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeaktofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeaktoprovethatachildcou