Unit 1【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第頁(yè)Unit1PenfriendsPenfriends話題筆友詞匯magazine，pen-friend，foot，inch，hobby，own，form，keen，keenon，physics，ambition，shut，probably，length，birth，actress短語(yǔ)keenon:形容詞詞組=veryinterestedin…bekeenon:動(dòng)詞詞組=reallylike區(qū)別：hair頭發(fā)hare野兔辨音：height[hait]高度weight[weit]重量havebeento去過(guò)（人已離開那里）havegoneto去了（人不在這里）havebeenin呆在，逗留atall強(qiáng)調(diào)否定句：根本（不）not…atall一點(diǎn)也不inall總共allin極度疲勞的inthecorner,onthecorner與atthecorner的區(qū)別own和have的區(qū)別during和for的區(qū)別句型workas擔(dān)任workat從事……；鉆研……workfor為……工作；為……做事writeto(sb)寫信給...somethings=afewthings,分開寫thing用復(fù)數(shù)形式something總是單數(shù)形式enjoy(doing)sth享受...的樂(lè)趣，欣賞，喜愛(ài)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)特殊疑問(wèn)詞用法，學(xué)習(xí)不定冠詞a,an用法考點(diǎn)1.根據(jù)音標(biāo)，詞性和中文默寫相應(yīng)的單詞單詞音標(biāo)詞性中文['be?sb??l]n.棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)['ta?t(?)l]n.標(biāo)題，題目['k??n?]n.角['w??k?]n.英國(guó)地名沃克['nju:kɑ:sl]n.英國(guó)地名紐卡斯?fàn)朳'mi:t?(r)]n.米，公尺[??n]v.擁有['n??ba?]adv.在附近['k?l?d?]n.學(xué)院[ju?n?'v??s?t?]n.大學(xué)[?'ka?nt(?)nt]n.會(huì)計(jì)['dj??r??]prep.在…期間[ki?n]adj.喜愛(ài)[ski?]v.滑雪[best]adj.最好的['f?z?ks]n.物理學(xué)[?m'b??(?)n]n.志向['me?bi?]adv.也許[?n'kl??z]v.隨函附上[ha?t]n.高度[dri?m]n.夢(mèng)想['pr?b?bl?]adv.很可能[ta?]n.領(lǐng)帶[ru?f]n.屋頂考點(diǎn)2.8AU1詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理1n.雄心，野心adj.有雄心的，有野心的2v.開始n.開始3vt.&vi關(guān)，關(guān)閉adj.親密的；近，靠近adv.近；靠近v.隨函（或包裹）附上4v.數(shù)n.會(huì)計(jì)5n.歐洲n.歐洲人adj.歐洲人的6n.引擎n.工程師7n.德國(guó)人（復(fù)數(shù)Germans）adj.德國(guó)人的n.德國(guó)8adj.高的n.高度9v.擁有adj.自己的n.擁有者，物主10adj.可能的adv.很可能地，大概，或許11n.物理（學(xué)）adj.身體的，物理的考點(diǎn)3.corner n.角落【例句】E.g. Acupboardsitsina________oftheroom.房間的一角立著一只櫥柜?！颈嫖觥俊颈容^】inthecorner,onthecorner與atthecorner的區(qū)別inthecorner多用于指在直角的內(nèi)角上Theflowersareinthecorneroftheroom.那些花在房間的角落里。onthecorner多用于指在直角的頂點(diǎn)上Theboxisonthecornerofthedesk.盒子放在桌角上。atthecorner表示在拐角的周圍，范圍要大一些。Becarefulwhenyouareatthecornerofthestreet.在街道拐角的地方要小心?？键c(diǎn)4.ownv.擁有【例句】E.g 1) Mary________anicecat.瑪麗擁有一只可愛(ài)的貓咪。Everyonehashis_____________.每個(gè)人都有自己的愛(ài)好。Heishis_______manandsheisher_______woman.每個(gè)人都是自己的主人?！就卣埂縪none’sown獨(dú)自地=byoneselfn+ofone’sown屬于某人自己的=one’sown+n【辨析】【比較】own和have的區(qū)別own做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“占有，擁有”，與have意思相近，但own更強(qiáng)調(diào)物品的歸屬為某人?？键c(diǎn)5.keenadj.喜愛(ài)的，有興趣的，鋒利的，激烈的【例句】E.g. 1) I__________________JayChou’ssongs.我很喜歡周杰倫的歌。Theknifehasa________edge.這把刀刀口鋒利。Thatisa________footballmatch.那是一場(chǎng)激烈的足球賽?？键c(diǎn)6.ambitionn.志向【例句】E.g. 1) Heisalwaysfullof_________.他總是雄心勃勃。Oneofhis_________istobecomethepresidentofthecompany.他的抱負(fù)之一是成為該公司的總裁?？键c(diǎn)7.heightn.高度E.g. 1) Thetreegrewtoa_________of20feet.那棵樹長(zhǎng)到20英尺高。Heistwometres___________________.他身高兩米?？键c(diǎn)8.dreamn./v夢(mèng)，做夢(mèng)【例句】E.g. 1) Herealizedthe________ofhislifetime.他實(shí)現(xiàn)了畢生的愿望。I________aboutmyhometown.我夢(mèng)見(jiàn)了家鄉(xiāng)。3) He__________ofbecomingafilmstarwhenhewasyoung.他年輕的時(shí)候夢(mèng)想成為電影明星?？键c(diǎn)9.probably—adv.很可能，大概【例句】Well,you’reprobablyright.Canhehearus?他聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)我們說(shuō)話嗎？Probablynot.大概聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)?！颈嫖觥縨aybe,perhaps,possibly與probablymaybe意為“可能，也許”，比其余的幾個(gè)詞更為隨意和不正式，表示的可能性不大，也要以表示一種非常委婉、禮貌的建議或要求，通常放于句首或句尾

Hedidn’tfeelquiteright.,maybehegotsunstroke.他覺(jué)得不太舒服，也許是中暑了

Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.也許你可能把它擱在那邊。perhaps作“可能”解，是較為常用、也較為正式的詞，表示的可能性也不十分大，它可以表示建議或要求，也可能表示以禮貌的方式下達(dá)命令。通常放于句首。

Perhapshewillkindlygiveusahandwhenweareintrouble.當(dāng)我們遇到麻煩時(shí)，也許他會(huì)友好地幫我們一把。possibly意為“可能，大概”，表示的可能性較大，口語(yǔ)中，也常表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，如：

Thisispossiblyhisbestperformance.這可能是他最好的表現(xiàn)了。probably意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性最大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。

Thereisprobablysomekindoflivingmatteronsomeotherplanets,butwedonotknowyet.很可能在其他星球上存在著某種生物，但是我們尚不清楚?？键c(diǎn)10.…andIwouldliketobeyourpen-friend.并且，我想成為你的筆友?！就卣埂縒ouldliketo表示“想要、愿意”，有wantto之意【例句】--Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithme?Yes,I’dliketo.考點(diǎn)11.I’minFormOneatWalkerSchool.我在沃克學(xué)校讀中學(xué)一年級(jí)。【拓展】英國(guó)的中學(xué)（SecondarySchool）學(xué)制為5年，即從中一到中五，中四、中五的時(shí)候要參加各門學(xué)科的會(huì)考(GCSE)，并最后參加大學(xué)的升學(xué)式。中學(xué)的每個(gè)年級(jí)稱為Form,故FormOne表示中學(xué)一年級(jí)。英國(guó)的中學(xué)教育SecondaryschoolTakeGCSE（英國(guó)中學(xué)畢業(yè)考試）Form516StartstudyingsubjectsforGCSEsForm4153rdstandardassessmenttestForm314Form213Form111/12語(yǔ)法精講——特殊疑問(wèn)句&不定冠詞①特殊疑問(wèn)句;疑問(wèn)詞意義例句問(wèn)事物、職業(yè)、姓名、時(shí)間、班級(jí)等Whatisyourfather?—Heisapoliceman.問(wèn)具體時(shí)刻Whattimedoyouhaveclass?問(wèn)時(shí)間Whenwillyougethome?—Thisevening.問(wèn)原因Whywereyoulateagain?問(wèn)地點(diǎn)Wheredidyouputit?問(wèn)人Whoisstandingthere?問(wèn)人（賓）Withwhomareyougoing?問(wèn)誰(shuí)的Whosewatchisit?問(wèn)定語(yǔ)、問(wèn)哪一個(gè)Whichgirlisyourfriend?問(wèn)方式、程度、健康、天氣等Howistheweathertoday?問(wèn)年齡Howoldisyourgrandfather?問(wèn)長(zhǎng)度或時(shí)間段Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?問(wèn)頻率Howoftendoyouexercise?問(wèn)多久以后Howsoonwillyoucomehere?問(wèn)數(shù)量和價(jià)格Howmucharethey?問(wèn)距離Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?②不定冠詞a/an不定冠詞包括a和an，位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一（個(gè)），一（種），每一（個(gè)）”的含義。a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，如aonkey,aniversity,ane-eyedcat；an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前，如anmbrella,annestgirl用法舉例①表示某一類人或事物dogisanimal.②表示某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)Thee-mailisfromarchitectoffamouscompany.③泛指某人或某物，未具體說(shuō)明是何人或何物professorfromFudanUniversitywillgiveusspeechattheschoolhalltomorrow.④表示數(shù)量“一”Mybrotherboughtnewcarlastweek.⑤表示“每一個(gè)”Sheusedtowritehomeonceweek.⑥用于某些固定搭配中inhurry匆忙地 have/takelook看一看have/takerest havegoodtime玩得愉快inword總而言之 havecold感冒寫作精講——閱讀書信書信寫作要求：正確書寫地址在信紙的右上角常出現(xiàn)的是寫信人的地址，而收信人的地址則出現(xiàn)在信封上。正確書寫結(jié)尾謙稱結(jié)尾謙稱通常用：Yours,Yoursfaithfully, Yourssincerely等等。正確書寫開頭與結(jié)尾開頭重互動(dòng)，結(jié)尾重回復(fù)。使用非正式語(yǔ)言非正式預(yù)言不是完全口語(yǔ)化，而是介于正式書面語(yǔ)言和口頭語(yǔ)言之間。1.v.擁有，更強(qiáng)調(diào)物品的歸屬________________adj.自己的，特有的，在所有格后加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣________________n.擁有者【拓展】byoneself=onone’sown獨(dú)自n.物理學(xué)____________adj物理的，物質(zhì)的，身體的【拓展】mentaladj.心理上的v.滑雪n.滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)n.雄心，野心，理想adj.有雄心的，野心勃勃的adj.高的n.高度【拓展】weighv.稱重weightn.重量wideadj.寬的widthn.寬度longadj.長(zhǎng)的lengthn.長(zhǎng)度deepadj.深的depthn.深度n.德國(guó)adj.德國(guó)人(籍)，德語(yǔ)，德國(guó)的【拓展】Canadan.加拿大Canadiann.加拿大人國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：中日不變英法變，其余都是加s。以下為復(fù)數(shù)特殊情況：Chinese,Japanese,Britishmen,Frenchmen.adj.可能的，大概的adv，很可能，大概【拓展】可能地：maybe,possibly8.n.夢(mèng)想v.夢(mèng)見(jiàn)【拓展】dreamofdoingsth.夢(mèng)想做某事9.prep./adv，接近，近距離adv.在附近，附近的【反義詞】befar(away)from離...遠(yuǎn)的

n.頂部n.頂部(復(fù)數(shù))PracticePractice一、閱讀單選DearLaura,Iwanttotellyousomethingaboutmybusylifeofthisterm.IaminGrade8now.Ihavemuchmorehomeworkthanbefore,somylifeisbusier.Afterfinishingmyhomeworkintheevening,Ialwaysplaytheviolineveryday.IhardlyeverwatchTVorplaywithmyphone.Inaword,Ihavetoomuchstressnow.I’mquitetiredandIthinkmyparentscan’tunderstandme.WhatshouldIdo?Whataboutyourlife?MayDearMay,Asformylife,Idon’thavetoomuchhomework,butI’mverybusyaswell.IneedtotakedanceclassesafterschooleveryWednesdayandSaturday.Ialsohavetohelpmyparentstolookaftermyyoungersisterswhentheyareout.Ontheonehand,Ithinkyou’dbettertakebreaksandtalkwithyourparents.Ontheotherhand,youcanmakeabigprogressafterlearning.Andthat’sthemeaningoflivingabusylife.Lookingforwardtoyourreply!Laura1．May’slifeis________.A．easy B．busy C．peaceful D．difficult2．WhatdoesMaydoafterdoinghomework?________A．Sheplaystheviolin. B．Shetakestennislessons.C．Shewalkswithherfamily. D．Shehelpsdohousework.3．HowoftendoesLauratakedancelessons?________A．Onceaweek. B．Onceamonth.C．Twiceaweek. D．Threetimesamonth.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto(所指)?________A．Laura’scousins. B．Laura’sparents.C．Laura’sfriends. D．Laura’sbrothers.5．WhatisLaurabusywith?________A．Takingpianolessons. B．Finishingmuchhomework.C．Playingwithherphone. D．Lookingafteryoungersisters.Everyoneknowsthatexerciseisimportant.Weallneedtoexercise.Doctorssayitisgoodforus.Itmakesourheartandbodystrong.Childrenwhooftenexercisearemorealert（機(jī)敏的）.Thismeanstheydobetterintestsandschoolworkthanthosewhodon’texercise.Therearemanywaystoexercise.Youcanwalk,run,swim,skate,orplayballgames.Makesureyouexerciseinthefollowingways.Youhavetolikewhatyou’redoing.Exerciseenough,butnottoomuch.It’sbesttoexercisetwiceeachweek.Thirtyminuteseachtimeisenough.Tryallkindsofthingsuntilyoufindone,twooreventhreesportsrightforyou.Lotsofpeoplechoosetoexerciseatfitnesscenters（健身中心）.Why?Becausethereisalotofsportsequipment（器材）.Theequipmentwillhelpexerciseyourarms,legsandotherpartsofyourbodytomakeyouhealthy.Somepeoplebuysportsequipment.Butitisveryexpensive.Exercisingcanbefun.Friendscanexercisetogetheratafitnesscenterortheycanplaysportstogetheroutside.Howdoyouexercise?6．Inthepassage,thewritertellsusthatweallneedto________.A．drink B．sleep C．exercise D．rest7．It’sbesttoexercise________aweekand________eachtime.A．once;thirtyminutes B．twice;halfanhourC．threetimes;halfanhour D．twice;anhour8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“right”heremeaninChinese?A．右邊的 B．合適的 C．正確的 D．正當(dāng)?shù)?．Accordingtothepassage,whydomanypeoplegotofitnesscenterstokeephealthy?A．Becausetheyhavemuchfreetime.B．Becausetheydon’tthinktheycankeephealthyathome.C．Becausetherearedifferentkindsofsportsequipmentatfitnesscenters.D．Becausetheydon’tlikeplaysportsoutside.10．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．WaystoExercise. B．It’sGoodtoExercise.C．ExerciseataFitnessCenter. D．TimetoExercise.Peoplearedifferent.Soarefriends.Thefollowingaresomekindsoffriends.Formoreinformation,youcanclick(點(diǎn)擊)here.HumanFriendsTheworldismadeupofhumans.Onecanhardlylivewithoutafriend.Afriendcangiveoutlightandwarmthlikealamp.Especiallywhenyouaresick,hewilltakecareofyouandhelpyoudoalotofthingslikehouseworkorhomework.Besides,humanfriendswillbealwaysthefirstoneswhocanunderstandyourneed,shareyourhappinessandsadness.AnimalFriendsManypeoplekeepanimalsaspetsathome.Itisrighttosaythatanimalsarewonderfulcreatures(生物).Theycanbewithyouwheneveryouneedthem.Somepeoplesaytheywillfeellonelyathomewithouttheirpets.Thoughtheycan’tspeak,theycanaccompanypeople.InternetFriendsTheInternethasbecomeaveryimportantpartofourlives.Itisnotonlyhelpfulforpeopletowork,butalsoagoodwaytomakefriends.Internetfriendshiphasbecomemoreandmorepopularrecently.Moreandmorepeoplebegintomakeonlinefriends.Youdon’tmeeteachotherinthereallife,butyoucanknoweachotherwellbyemailorotherappsontheInternet.Instrument(樂(lè)器)FriendsSomepeopledon’tliketotelltheirinnerfeelingstoothers,andtheyevendon’tliketostaywithtoomanypeople.Theymayplaywithinstrumentsbythemselves.Theymayplaythepiano,violinorguitar.Bymusictheycangetalotofhappiness.11．Humanfriendsarethosewhocan________.A．lookafteryouwhenyouaren’twellB．giveyouahandondifferentkindsofthingsC．knowyourneedsandfeelingsfirstD．a(chǎn)lloftheabove.12．Whichofthefollowinghasthesamemeaningas“accompany”inthepassage?A．staywith B．sleepwith C．getalongwith D．takecareof13．Tomdoesn’tliketotalkorstaywithothers,hemaywantto________.A．keepadog B．playthedrums C．makeonlinefriends D．callJack14．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Thereareonlyfourkindsoffriendsintheworld.B．Internetfriendscanmeeteachotherinthereallife.C．Instrumentfriendscanenjoythemselvesbymusic.D．Withoutfriends,peoplecan’tliveatall.15．Youcanseethispassagein________.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)website C．a(chǎn)newspaper D．a(chǎn)magazineBeforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindsofthingsastheydo.Thatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobeexactlylikeeachother,justthatyouenjoysomeofthesamethings.Ifyou’rereallyintosports,youprobablywillwantfriendswhoenjoyplayingmanyofthesamegamesyoudo.Likewise(同樣地),ifyoulovetoreadbooks,youwillprobablyenjoythecompanyofreaders.Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascared(害怕的)orangry-lookingface.Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceaboutthem.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn’titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who’stheirfavoritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversationtoo.Whensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforthem.There’snothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrug(聳肩)forananswer.Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.16．Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon________.A．howtomakefriendsB．whatkindofpersonyoucanmakefriendswithC．howtostartaconversationD．theimportanceofsmile17．Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A．whosmiletoeveryone B．whosharethesameinterestC．whoarefondoftalking D．whosaynicethingstothem18．Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone________.A．whoisalwayssmilingB．whoseemstobefriendlyC．whopraisesthemD．whopointsouttheirshortcomings19．Theunderlinedpart“ashrugforananswer”inthispassagemeans________.A．beingveryproud B．makingnoanswerC．knowingnothing D．nothopingtoanswerIsthereawaytoquicklyrecall(回憶)informationjustbeforetakinganexam?Walkingbackward(向后)mightbeagoodway.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKsaidthisactivitycanhelppeopleimprovetheirshort-termmemory.Scientistsdidanexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)).Theyasked114studentstowatchavideo.Afterwatchingthevideo,volunteersweredivided(分成)intothreegroupsandeachgrouphadthesamenumberofpeople.Thefirstgroupwastoldtowalk10metersforward.Thesecondgroupwalked10metersbackward.Thethirdgroupstoodinoneplace.Allthreegroupswerethenasked20questionsaboutwhattheysawinthevideo.Thescientistsfoundthatthebackward-walkinggroupgottwomoreans